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Lu L, Chen X, Sanders D, Qian S, Zhong X. High-resolution mapping of H4K16 and H3K23 acetylation reveals conserved and unique distribution patterns in Arabidopsis and rice. Epigenetics 2016; 10:1044-53. [PMID: 26646900 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are key epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms that play critical roles in eukaryotes. Acetylation of histone 4 lysine 16 (H4K16ac) is implicated in many cellular processes. However, its biological function and relationship with transcription are largely unexplored in plants. We generated first genome-wide high-resolution maps of H4K16ac in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. We showed that H4K16ac is preferentially enriched around the transcription start sites and positively correlates with gene expression levels. Co-existence of H4K16ac and H3K23ac is correlated with high gene expression levels, suggesting a potentially combinatorial effect of H4K16ac and H3K23ac histone 3 lysine 23 acetylation on gene expression. Our data further revealed that while genes enriched with both H4K16ac and H3K23ac are ubiquitously expressed, genes enriched with only H4K16ac or H3K23ac showed significantly distinct expression patterns in association with particular developmental stages. Unexpectedly, and unlike in Arabidopsis, there are significant levels of both H4K16ac and H3K23ac in the lowly expressed genes in rice. Furthermore, we found that H4K16ac-enriched genes are associated with different biological processes in Arabidopsis and rice, suggesting a potentially species-specific role of H4K16ac in plants. Together, our genome-wide profiling reveals the conserved and unique distribution patterns of H4K16ac and H3K23ac in Arabidopsis and rice and provides a foundation for further understanding their function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- a Wisconsin Institute for Discovery
| | | | - Dean Sanders
- b Laboratory of Genetics; University of Wisconsin-Madison ; Madison , WI , USA
| | | | - Xuehua Zhong
- a Wisconsin Institute for Discovery.,b Laboratory of Genetics; University of Wisconsin-Madison ; Madison , WI , USA
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Milon B, Sun Y, Chang W, Creasy T, Mahurkar A, Shetty A, Nurminsky D, Nurminskaya M. Map of open and closed chromatin domains in Drosophila genome. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:988. [PMID: 25407537 PMCID: PMC4289254 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatin compactness has been considered a major determinant of gene activity and has been associated with specific chromatin modifications in studies on a few individual genetic loci. At the same time, genome-wide patterns of open and closed chromatin have been understudied, and are at present largely predicted from chromatin modification and gene expression data. However the universal applicability of such predictions is not self-evident, and requires experimental verification. RESULTS We developed and implemented a high-throughput analysis for general chromatin sensitivity to DNase I which provides a comprehensive epigenomic assessment in a single assay. Contiguous domains of open and closed chromatin were identified by computational analysis of the data, and correlated to other genome annotations including predicted chromatin "states", individual chromatin modifications, nuclear lamina interactions, and gene expression. While showing that the widely trusted predictions of chromatin structure are correct in the majority of cases, we detected diverse "exceptions" from the conventional rules. We found a profound paucity of chromatin modifications in a major fraction of closed chromatin, and identified a number of loci where chromatin configuration is opposite to that expected from modification and gene expression patterns. Further, we observed that chromatin of large introns tends to be closed even when the genes are expressed, and that a significant proportion of active genes including their promoters are located in closed chromatin. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal limitations of the existing predictive models, indicate novel mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, and provide important insights into genome organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dmitry Nurminsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N, Greene St,, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Moldenhauer JS, Ostermeier GC, Johnson A, Diamond MP, Krawetz SA. Diagnosing Male Factor Infertility Using Microarrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 24:783-9. [PMID: 14581498 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2003.tb03122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Moldenhauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Scientific Computing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Ramadan WM, Kashir J, Jones C, Coward K. Oocyte activation and phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ): diagnostic and therapeutic implications for assisted reproductive technology. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:12. [PMID: 22591604 PMCID: PMC3393615 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects one in seven couples globally and has recently been classified as a disease by the World Health Organisation (WHO). While in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) offers effective treatment for many infertile couples, cases exhibiting severe male infertility (19-57%) often remain difficult, if not impossible to treat. In such cases, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), a technique in which a single sperm is microinjected into the oocyte, is implemented. However, 1-5% of ICSI cycles still fail to fertilise, affecting over 1000 couples per year in the UK alone. Pregnancy and delivery rates for IVF and ICSI rarely exceed 30% and 23% respectively. It is therefore imperative that Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) protocols are constantly modified by associated research programmes, in order to provide patients with the best chances of conception. Prior to fertilisation, mature oocytes are arrested in the metaphase stage of the second meiotic division (MII), which must be alleviated to allow the cell cycle, and subsequent embryogenesis, to proceed. Alleviation occurs through a series of concurrent events, collectively termed 'oocyte activation'. In mammals, oocytes are activated by a series of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) oscillations following gamete fusion. Recent evidence implicates a sperm-specific phospholipase C, PLCzeta (PLCζ), introduced into the oocyte following membrane fusion as the factor responsible. This review summarises our current understanding of oocyte activation failure in human males, and describes recent advances in our knowledge linking certain cases of male infertility with defects in PLCζ expression and activity. Systematic literature searches were performed using PubMed and the ISI-Web of Knowledge. Databases compiled by the United Nations and World Health Organisation databases (UNWHO), and the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) were also scrutinised. It is clear that PLCζ plays a fundamental role in the activation of mammalian oocytes, and that genetic, molecular, or biochemical perturbation of this key enzyme is strongly linked to human infertility where oocyte activation is deficient. Consequently, there is significant scope for our understanding of PLCζ to be translated to the ART clinic, both as a novel therapeutic agent with which to rescue oocyte activation deficiency (OAD), or as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker of oocyte activation ability in target sperm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Ramadan
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3, 9DU, UK
| | - Junaid Kashir
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3, 9DU, UK
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3, 9DU, UK
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3, 9DU, UK
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Johnson GD, Platts AE, Lalancette C, Goodrich R, Heng HH, Krawetz SA. Interrogating the transgenic genome: development of an interspecies tiling array. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2011; 57:54-62. [PMID: 21214491 PMCID: PMC3056434 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2010.506000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A single expressing copy of the human protamine domain was randomly inserted into an intron of Cyp2c38. The transgenic locus was shown to recapitulate the level of expression observed in normal human testis while not perturbing endogenous protamine expression. The development of an interspecies tiling array was pursued to enable direct comparison of the orthologous protamine domains in a single experiment. Probe design was adapted to generate species-specific high resolution probe sets that would tolerate repetitive elements. Results from competitive hybridizations demonstrate that interspecies tiling arrays are a valuable tool for parallel analysis of highly similar DNA sequences. This approach provides a rapid and reliable means of interrogating samples prior to deep sequencing analysis. These arrays should readily compliment most DNA isolation and analysis techniques such as ChIP, nuclease sensitivity and nuclear matrix association assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D. Johnson
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adrian E. Platts
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Lalancette
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert Goodrich
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Henry H. Heng
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- The Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Zhang KM, Wang YF, Huo R, Bi Y, Lin M, Sha JH, Zhou ZM. Characterization of Spindlin1 isoform2 in mouse testis. Asian J Androl 2008; 10:741-8. [PMID: 18645677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00424.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of Spindlin 1 (Spin 1) isoform2 and assess its function in mouse testis. METHODS First, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to determine whether Spin1 isoform2 is present in mouse testis. Then the expression patterns of the isoform between newborn and adult mice testes were compared by immunoblot analysis. Finally, the diversity of its localization in mice testes at different ages (days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60) was observed by immunohistochemistry. The localization of the protein in mouse sperm was also investigated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The RT-PCR results show that Spin1 isoform2 is present in mouse testis. As shown by immunoblot analysis, the isoform was more highly expressed in adult testes compared with newborn testes. Interestingly, Spin1 isoform2 did not show up in the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes until day 14. Also, the protein exists at the tail of the mouse sperm. CONCLUSION Spin1 isoform2 is a protein expressed highly in adult testis, which might be involved in spermatogenesis and could be necessary for normal sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Mei Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Lalancette C, Platts AE, Lu Y, Lu S, Krawetz SA. Computational identification of transcription frameworks of early committed spermatogenic cells. Mol Genet Genomics 2008; 280:263-74. [PMID: 18615256 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-008-0361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that transcription factors (TFs) work in cooperation with each other to govern gene expression and thus single TF studies may not always reflect the underlying biology. Using microarray data obtained from two independent studies of the first wave of spermatogenesis, we tested the hypothesis that co-expressed spermatogenic genes in cells committed to differentiation are regulated by a set of distinct combinations of TF modules. A computational approach was designed to identify over-represented module combinations in the promoter regions of genes associated with transcripts that either increase or decrease in abundance between the first two major spermatogenic cell types: spermatogonia and spermatocytes. We identified five TFs constituting four module combinations that were correlated with expression and repression of similarly regulated genes. These modules were biologically assessed in the context that they represent the key transcriptional mediators in the developmental transition from the spermatogonia to spermatocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lalancette
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 East Hancock, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Microarray analysis in sperm from fertile and infertile men without basic sperm analysis abnormalities reveals a significantly different transcriptome. Fertil Steril 2008; 91:1307-10. [PMID: 18367176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sperm analysis following World Health Organization guidelines is unable to explain the molecular causes of male infertility when basic sperm parameters are within a normal range and women do not present gynecologic pathology. Consequently, there is a need for accurate diagnostic tools in this area, and microarray technology emerges as promising. We present, for the first time, preliminary results of a comparison of sperm mRNA expression profiles between fertile and infertile men with normal semen parameters, discovering profound discrepancies between groups, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.
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Huo R, Zhu H, Lu L, Ying L, Xu M, Xu Z, Li J, Zhou Z, Sha J. Molecular Cloning, Identification and Characteristics of a Novel Isoform of Carbamyl Phosphate Synthetase I in Human Testis. BMB Rep 2005; 38:28-33. [PMID: 15715943 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2005.38.1.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene coding a novel isoform of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS1) was cloned from a human testicular library. As shown by cDNA microarray hybridization, this gene was expressed at a higher level in human adult testes than in fetal testes. The full length of its cDNA was 3831 bp, with a 3149 bp open reading frame, encoding a 1050-amino-acid protein. The cDNA sequence was deposited in the GenBank (AY317138). Sequence analysis showed that it was homologous to the human CPS1 gene. The putative protein contained functional domains composing the intact large subunit of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, thus indicated it has the capability of arginine biosynthesis. A multiple tissue expression profile showed high expression of this gene in human testis, suggesting the novel alternative splicing form of CPS1 may be correlated with human spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Rival-Gervier S, Thépot D, Jolivet G, Houdebine LM. Pig whey acidic protein gene is surrounded by two ubiquitously expressed genes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1627:7-14. [PMID: 12759187 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(03)00051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 140-kb pig DNA fragment containing the whey acidic protein (WAP) gene cloned in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC344H5) has been shown to contain all of the cis-elements necessary for position-independent, copy-dependent and tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice. The insert from this BAC was sequenced. This revealed the presence of two other genes with quite different expression patterns in pig tissues and in transfected HC11 mouse mammary cells. The RAMP3 gene is located 15 kb upstream of the WAP gene in reverse orientation. The CPR2 gene is located 5 kb downstream of the WAP gene in the same orientation. The same locus organization was found in the human genome. The region between RAMP3 and CPR2 in the human genome contains a WAP gene-like sequence with several points of mutation which may account for the absence of WAP from human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rival-Gervier
- Laboratoire de biologie du développement et reproduction, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, INRA, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Abstract
The first tier of control over the expression of genic domains utilizes chromatin structure. Before the onset of transcription, the chromatin domain that encompasses the gene(s) must assume an open conformation. This renders large segments of the genome available to the tissue-specific and ubiquitous trans-factors necessary for proper expression of the genes present. This process has been termed potentiation. It is a necessary obligate, but alone it is not sufficient for gene expression. Spermatogenesis, the development of a viable fertile male gamete, provides a unique model to begin to address the underlying mechanism(s) governing differentiation and tissue-specific gene expression. Male gametogenesis is typified by the activation of numerous genes whose products have novel functions, as well as testis-specific forms of constitutively expressed somatic genes. We have shown that mouse spermatogenesis represents a selective potentiative process (Kramer et al., 1998: Development 125:4749-4655), but little is known about its human counterpart. To fill this void we have examined the potentiative state of several spermatid-expressed genes during the latter stages of human spermatogenesis. We have shown that spermatidexpressed genes are potentiated by the pachytene stage of differentiation. Furthermore, we establish that a chromatin domain functions as a discrete structural unit during differentiation. Interestingly, some of these open structures are maintained in the mature spermatozoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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