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Haq I, Durrani AZ, Khan MS, Mushtaq MH, Ahmad I. A Study on Causes of Pathogenic Diarrhea in Foals in Punjab, Pakistan. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal system of horses is affected by a large variety of inflammatory infectious and noninfectious conditions. The most prevalent form of gastritis is associated with ulceration of the pars esophagea. Although the diagnostic techniques for alimentary diseases of horses have improved significantly over the past few years, difficulties still exist in establishing the causes of a significant number of enteric diseases in this species. This problem is compounded by several agents of enteric disease also being found in the intestine of clinically normal horses, which questions the validity of the mere detection of these agents in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 105 West Central Avenue, San Bernardino, CA 92409, USA.
| | - Santiago S Diab
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Ishizaka S, Matsuda A, Amagai Y, Oida K, Jang H, Ueda Y, Takai M, Tanaka A, Matsuda H. Oral administration of fermented probiotics improves the condition of feces in adult horses. J Equine Sci 2014; 25:65-72. [PMID: 25558179 PMCID: PMC4266753 DOI: 10.1294/jes.25.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of probiotics on horses are still controversial. The present study was a randomized, double-blinded,
placebo-controlled crossover study designed to evaluate the ability of probiotics to improve intestinal conditions in adult
horses. Fermented probiotics were administered to 10 healthy adult geldings for 28 days. The clinical condition of the horses was
monitored daily, and the blood and feces were biochemically analyzed every 14 days. In the probiotic-treated group, the
concentration of carboxylic acids in the feces was increased at days 14 and 28. In contrast to the fecal pH in the control group,
which increased at days 14 and 28, the fecal pH in the probiotic-treated group did not increase. Additionally, the relative
amounts of enteropathogenic bacterial DNA were diminished in the probiotic-treated group. These results suggest that probiotic
bacteria proliferated in the equine intestine. No instances of abnormal clinical conditions or abnormal values in blood tests were
observed throughout the study. Oral administration of fermented probiotics may have the ability to improve the intestinal
environment biochemically and microbiologically without the risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ishizaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kumiko Oida
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hyosun Jang
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Miura Co., Ltd., Ehime 799-2696, Japan
| | | | - Akane Tanaka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Medicine, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Health Science, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and System Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan ; Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Division of Animal Life Science, Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Uzal F, Diab S, Blanchard P, Moore J, Anthenill L, Shahriar F, Garcia J, Songer J. Clostridium perfringens type C and Clostridium difficile co-infection in foals. Vet Microbiol 2012; 156:395-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Diab SS, Kinde H, Moore J, Shahriar MF, Odani J, Anthenill L, Songer G, Uzal FA. Pathology of Clostridium perfringens Type C Enterotoxemia in Horses. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:255-63. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985811404710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens type C is an important cause of enteritis and enterocolitis in foals and occasionally in adult horses. The disease is a classic enterotoxemia, and the enteric lesions and systemic effects are caused primarily by beta toxin, 1 of 2 major toxins produced by C. perfringens type C. Until now, only sporadic cases of C. perfringens type C equine enterotoxemia have been reported. We present a comprehensive description of the lesions in 8 confirmed cases of type C enterotoxemia in foals and adult horses. Grossly, multifocal to segmental hemorrhage and thickening of the intestinal wall were most common in the small intestine, although the colon and cecum were also frequently affected. All horses had variable amounts of fluid, often hemorrhagic intestinal contents. The most characteristic microscopic lesion was necrotizing or necrohemorrhagic enteritis, with mucosal and/or submucosal thrombosis. Numerous gram-positive rods were occasionally seen in affected mucosa. A definitive diagnosis of C. perfringens type C enterotoxemia in all 8 cases was based on the clinical history, gross and histologic lesions, and detection of the beta toxin in intestinal contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Diab
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - H. Kinde
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J. Moore
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - M. F. Shahriar
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J. Odani
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - L. Anthenill
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
| | - G. Songer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - F. A. Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, San Bernardino Branch, University of California, Davis, California
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REZK MARWAHM, ENANY MOHAMMADE, HANAFY MERVATS. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN O-SEROGROUP, VIRULENCE AND PLASMID PROFILE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM DISEASED CHICKENS. J Food Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2010.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Alimentary Tract. JUBB, KENNEDY & PALMER'S PATHOLOGY OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS 2007. [PMCID: PMC7155580 DOI: 10.1016/b978-070202823-6.50096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Gastrointestinal Disease. EQUINE NEONATAL MEDICINE 2006. [PMCID: PMC7156017 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2353-1.50016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. Mechanisms of Infectious Disease. EQUINE INTERNAL MEDICINE 2004. [PMCID: PMC7278211 DOI: 10.1016/b0-72-169777-1/50004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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van Duijkeren E, van Asten AJ, Gaastra W. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from adult horses with and without enteritis. Vet Q 2000; 22:162-6. [PMID: 10952448 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2000.9695048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study E. coli strains isolated from the faeces of ten horses with diarrhoea and 14 horses without diarrhoea were characterized. All horses were culture negative for Salmonella species. Nine colonies of E. coli from each faecal sample were picked at random and a DNA fingerprint was made by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) primers. The number of E. coli genotypes did not differ significantly between horses with and without diarrhoea. In addition, all E. coli strains with different DNA fingerprints were tested by PCR for genes encoding the virulence factors K88, F41, F17, CS31a, Sta1, LT1, VT2, CNF, BFP, and intimin. Genes coding for K88, F41, BFP, STa1, VT2, and CS31A were not detected. Genes for CNF were found in strains from one horse with diarrhoea and one horse with normal faeces. Genes for LT1 (n=1) and intimin (n=1) were found only in strains from horses with normal faeces. Genes for F17 fimbriae were found in strains from three horses with diarrhoea (30%) and in none of the strains from healthy horses. In two of these horses, E. coli strains with different DNA polymorphism patterns were F17 positive; however, none of these strains possessed LT1, Sta1, or CNF genes. Haemolytic E. coli strains were only isolated from two horses with diarrhoea and from none of the healthy horses. Nineteen percent of all E. coli strains did not ferment lactose. Eight per cent of these lactose-negative strains were from horses with diarrhoea, whereas 32% were from horses without diarrhoea. In conclusion, virulence factors were present in E. coli isolates from horses with and without diarrhoea, except for F17, which was only found in E. coli isolated from horses with diarrhoea. F17-positive E. coli might have importance as cause of diarrhoea in horses, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Duijkeren
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
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