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Usman MA, Ibrahim FB, Mohammed HO, Awogbamila SO, Idris UA, Suleiman MA. Antiplasmodial Activity of β-Ionone and the Effect of the Compound on Amelioration of Anaemia and Oxidative Organ Damage in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:242-250. [PMID: 37982977 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to evolution of parasite strains that are resistant to existing antimalarial drugs, research for novel antimalarial medicines is progressing on numerous fronts. PURPOSE Herein, we evaluated the in vivo anti-Plasmodium berghei activity of β-ionone including its ameliorative potential towards P. berghei-associated anaemia and oxidative organ damage. METHODS Mice were infected with chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. berghei and then treated with β-ionone at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) for seven days. The parasitemia, packed cell volume and redox sensitive biomarkers in the liver, brain and spleen were estimated. RESULTS Our result showed that β-ionone, in a dose-dependent fashion, significantly (p < 0.05) repressed the multiplication of P. berghei. More so, the compound, at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg BW, significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated anaemia and organ damage induced by P. berghei. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings demonstrated that β-ionone has antiplasmodial actions and plays a mitigative role against P. berghei-induced anaemia and oxidative organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Umar Adam Idris
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Manganelli M, Testai E, Tazart Z, Scardala S, Codd GA. Co-Occurrence of Taste and Odor Compounds and Cyanotoxins in Cyanobacterial Blooms: Emerging Risks to Human Health? Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040872. [PMID: 37110295 PMCID: PMC10146173 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria commonly form large blooms in waterbodies; they can produce cyanotoxins, with toxic effects on humans and animals, and volatile compounds, causing bad tastes and odors (T&O) at naturally occurring low concentrations. Notwithstanding the large amount of literature on either cyanotoxins or T&O, no review has focused on them at the same time. The present review critically evaluates the recent literature on cyanotoxins and T&O compounds (geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, β-ionone and β-cyclocitral) to identify research gaps on harmful exposure of humans and animals to both metabolite classes. T&O and cyanotoxins production can be due to the same or common to different cyanobacterial species/strains, with the additional possibility of T&O production by non-cyanobacterial species. The few environmental studies on the co-occurrence of these two groups of metabolites are not sufficient to understand if and how they can co-vary, or influence each other, perhaps stimulating cyanotoxin production. Therefore, T&Os cannot reliably serve as early warning surrogates for cyanotoxins. The scarce data on T&O toxicity seem to indicate a low health risk (but the inhalation of β-cyclocitral deserves more study). However, no data are available on the effects of combined exposure to mixtures of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds and to combinations of T&O compounds; therefore, whether the co-occurrence of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds is a health issue remains an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Manganelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Simona Scardala
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Environment and Health, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00162 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Geoffrey A. Codd
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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3
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Activation of PSGR with β-ionone suppresses prostate cancer progression by blocking androgen receptor nuclear translocation. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:193-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Pinto FCM, De-Carvalho RR, De-Oliveira ACAX, Delgado IF, Paumgartten FJR. Study on the developmental toxicity of β-ionone in the rat. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 97:110-119. [PMID: 29928934 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
β-ionone (BIO) is used in fragrances, toiletries and non-cosmetic products, and as a flavor food additive. Notwithstanding the widespread human exposure, there are limited data on the reproductive toxicity of BIO. This study evaluated the developmental toxicity of BIO (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day) given orally to rats on days 6-15 of gestation (GD6-15). C-section was on GD21 and implantations, living and dead fetuses and resorptions were recorded. Fetuses were weighed, and examined for external abnormalities and skeleton and visceral anomalies. The embryotoxicity of a single oral dose of BIO (1000 mg/kg body wt) given on GD11 was evaluated as well. At the highest dose, BIO reduced weight gain and produced chromodacryorrhea and other signs of toxicity. BIO did not increase the frequency of malformations nor did it retard fetal growth. Nonetheless, BIO decreased the pregnancy rate in the group of females exposed on GD6-15, and increased the resorption rate in those treated on GD11 only. In conclusion, except for a higher embryolethality at a maternally toxic dose, BIO caused no embryotoxic effect over the dose range tested and the study NOAEL for maternal and developmental toxicity was 500 mg of BIO/ kg of body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C M Pinto
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil; National Institute for Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Rosangela R De-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Ana Cecilia A X De-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Isabella F Delgado
- National Institute for Health Quality Control, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Francisco J R Paumgartten
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, National School of Public Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-361, Brazil.
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RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, α-Ionone, CAS Registry Number 127-41-3. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97S:S1-S10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ansari M, Emami S. β-Ionone and its analogs as promising anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:141-154. [PMID: 27474930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β-Ionone is an end-ring analog of β-carotenoids which widely distributed in fruit and vegetables. Recent studies have demonstrated anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and apoptosis induction properties of β-ionone in vitro and in vivo. Also, the studies have focused on investigating the β-ionone action on different types of malignant cells and the possible mechanisms of action. Moreover, the quest of new synthetic β-ionone-based compounds possessing anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and apoptosis induction activities may enable the discovery of compounds which can be used in combination regimes thus overcoming tumor resistance to conventional anticancer agents. These new agents will also be useful for targeting distinct signaling pathways, to activate selectively mechanisms for apoptosis in cancer cells but devoid of undesirable side effects. In this paper, we reviewed the potentialities of β-ionone and related compounds in cancer prevention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ansari
- Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Haque R, Bin-Hafeez B, Parvez S, Pandey S, Sayeed I, Ali M, Raisuddin S. Aqueous extract of walnut (Juglans regia L.) protects mice against cyclophosphamideinduced biochemical toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 22:473-80. [PMID: 14580007 DOI: 10.1191/0960327103ht388oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is extensively used in traditional systems of medicine for treatment of various ailments. It is described as an anticancer, tonic, blood purifier and detoxifier agent. The present study was undertaken to investigate modulatory effects of walnut extract on the toxicity of an anticancer drug, cyclophosphamide (CP) with special reference to protection against disruption of drug metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes. Plant extract+CP group animals showed restoration in the level of cytochrome P450 (CYP) content and in the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GP) and catalase (CAT) in both liver and kidneys. But plant extract restored the activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidneys only when compared with CP-treated animals. Plant extract treatment alone caused significant reduction in the content of CYP in the kidneys mainly. The extract showed a significant increase in the level of GSH and in the activities of GP in both the tissues and CAT in liver only, whereas no significant change was observed in the activities of GST and SOD. CP treatment resulted in a significant (P<0.01) increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and kidneys compared with controls, while the extract CP treated group showed a significant decrease in the LPO in liver and kidneys when compared with the CP-treated group. The study shows that the use of J. regia extract might be helpful in abrogation of CP toxicity during the chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haque
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Induction of cytochrome P450 3A1 expression by diallyl disulfide: Protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced embryo-fetal developmental toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 69:312-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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9
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Kim SH, Lee IC, Lim JH, Moon C, Bae CS, Kim SH, Shin DH, Park SC, Kim HC, Kim JC. Protective effects of pine bark extract on developmental toxicity of cyclophosphamide in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Park D, Yang YH, Choi EK, Yang G, Bae DK, Lee SH, Kim TK, Kyung J, Kim D, Choi KC, Kim YB. Licorice extract increases cyclophosphamide teratogenicity by upregulating the expression of cytochrome P-450 2B mRNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 92:553-9. [PMID: 21818843 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since cyclophosphamide is metabolically activated to teratogenic acrolein and cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard by cytochrome P-450 type 2B (CYP2B), we assessed the effects of licorice, a CYP2B inducer, on the fetal defects induced by cyclophosphamide. METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were daily administered with licorice (100 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days, from the 6th to 12th day of gestation, and intraperitoneally administered with cyclophosphamide (11 mg/kg) 1 hr after the final licorice treatment. On the 20th day of gestation, maternal and fetal abnormalities were determined by Cesarian section. RESULTS Cyclophosphamide was found to reduce fetal and placental weights without increasing resorption or death. In addition, it induced malformations in live fetuses; 93.8, 41.1, and 100% of the external (skull and limb defects), visceral (cleft palate and ureteric dilatation), and skeletal (acrania, vertebral/costal malformations, and delayed ossification) abnormalities, respectively. When pre-treated with licorice, cyclophosphamide-induced body weight loss and abnormalities of fetuses were remarkably aggravated. Moreover, repeated treatment with licorice greatly increased mRNA expression and activity of hepatic CYP2B. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that repeated intake of licorice may aggravate cyclophosphamide-induced body weight loss and malformations of fetuses by upregulating CYP2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Hu J, Lin H, Shen J, Lan J, Ma C, Zhao Y, Lei F, Xing D, Du L. Developmental toxicity of orally administered pineapple leaf extract in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1455-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ozolins̆ TR. Cyclophosphamide and the Teratology society: an awkward marriage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 89:289-99. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Paumgartten FJR. Influence of maternal toxicity on the outcome of developmental toxicity studies. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2010; 73:944-951. [PMID: 20563928 DOI: 10.1080/15287391003751737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of fetal abnormalities noted at maternally toxic doses is a long-standing issue regarding the interpretation of findings of segment II studies. A number of diseases and conditions during pregnancy are known to adversely affect embryo/fetal development, and along this line many scientists believe that any marked disturbance of maternal homeostasis produced by chemical exposure may eventually produce a teratogenic effect. Although there is little doubt that developmental toxicity may be maternally mediated, the notion that, in principle, any maternal toxicity leads to birth defects is disputed. When embryotoxicity is noted only within the maternally toxic dose range, it is not possible to ascertain whether it is in fact maternally mediated or not (i.e., embryo development may have been impaired by a direct action of the chemical at doses that also adversely affect the mother; in these circumstances it would still be a selective developmental toxicant). However, currently, a chemical is not regarded as a "developmental toxicant" (or "teratogenic agent") if embryotoxicity is apparent only at doses that are also toxic to the mother. In the European Union, developmental hazard identification exerts a strong influence on the classification and labeling of chemicals. In Brazil, registration of any pesticide that proved to be teratogenic in animal studies is strictly forbidden by law (Pesticide Law, Federal Law 7.802, 1989). Therefore, interpretation of findings from developmental toxicity studies in light of maternal toxicity is particularly relevant to regulatory agencies, and becomes even more important when labeling or cutoff decision-making criteria are adopted regarding teratogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J R Paumgartten
- Laboratorio de Toxicologia Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Escola Nacional de Saude Publica, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Park D, Kim S, Kang H, Oh J, Jang JY, Shin S, Kim TK, Choi YJ, Lee SH, Kim KY, Joo SS, Kim YB. Preventive effect of piperonyl butoxide on cyclophosphamide-induced teratogenesis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 86:402-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Park D, Jeon JH, Shin S, Joo SS, Kang DH, Moon SH, Jang MJ, Cho YM, Kim JW, Ji HJ, Ahn B, Oh KW, Kim YB. Green tea extract increases cyclophosphamide-induced teratogenesis by modulating the expression of cytochrome P-450 mRNA. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 27:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meissonnier G, Laffitte J, Raymond I, Benoit E, Cossalter AM, Pinton P, Bertin G, Oswald I, Galtier P. Subclinical doses of T-2 toxin impair acquired immune response and liver cytochrome P450 in pigs. Toxicology 2008; 247:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bakkali F, Averbeck S, Averbeck D, Idaomar M. Biological effects of essential oils--a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 46:446-75. [PMID: 17996351 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3305] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the middle ages, essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic applications, especially nowadays in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural and food industries. Because of the mode of extraction, mostly by distillation from aromatic plants, they contain a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-derived aromatic components and aliphatic components. In vitro physicochemical assays characterise most of them as antioxidants. However, recent work shows that in eukaryotic cells, essential oils can act as prooxidants affecting inner cell membranes and organelles such as mitochondria. Depending on type and concentration, they exhibit cytotoxic effects on living cells but are usually non-genotoxic. In some cases, changes in intracellular redox potential and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by essential oils can be associated with their capacity to exert antigenotoxic effects. These findings suggest that, at least in part, the encountered beneficial effects of essential oils are due to prooxidant effects on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bakkali
- Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, UMR2027 CNRS/IC, LCR V28 CEA, Bât. 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Université Abdelmalek Essâadi, Faculté des Sciences, Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, BP 2121, Tétouan, Morocco
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Belsito D, Bickers D, Bruze M, Calow P, Greim H, Hanifin J, Rogers A, Saurat J, Sipes I, Tagami H. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of ionones when used as fragrance ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S130-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Latorre AO, Hueza IM, Górniak SL. Association of Ipomoea carnea and BCG reduces birth defects caused by cyclophosphamide in rats. Life Sci 2007; 80:430-5. [PMID: 17070555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs can induce the development of malformations in fetuses of mothers exposed to them, possibly affecting the placental function directly or by crossing the placenta to enter fetal circulation. However, activation of the maternal immune system with well-known immunomodulator substances has been shown to produce a significant decrease in morphological defects caused by diverse teratogenic agents. All of these studies were performed on mice only, whereas the rat is the chosen species for developing teratological studies. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) and/or the aqueous fraction (AF) of the plant Ipomoea carnea on the decrease of the teratogenic effect resulting from cyclophosphamide (CP), an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug, exposure in pregnant rats. It was verified that both BCG and/or AF attenuated the embryotoxic effects of CP in rats. All immune stimulated dams demonstrated an increase in placenta and fetus body weight. In conclusion, the present work showed that the rat is a good model for performing studies which aim for a clearer understanding of the mechanism by which maternal stimulation reduces malformations and how the association of I. carnea AF and BCG provided improved immunostimulation compared to BCG alone; however, additional studies are required to determine the specific mechanisms by which immune stimulant substances decrease malformation.
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Lalko J, Lapczynski A, McGinty D, Bhatia S, Letizia C, Api A. Fragrance material review on β-ionone. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45 Suppl 1:S241-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bailey MM, Sawyer RD, Behling JE, Boohaker JG, Hicks JG, O'donnell MA, Stringer KR, Rasco JF, Hood RD. Prior exposure to indole-3-carbinol decreases the incidence of specific cyclophosphamide-induced developmental defects in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 74:261-7. [PMID: 15954085 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a product of the hydrolysis of glucobrassicin that is found in cruciferous vegetables. I3C can intervene in toxic processes that are mediated by oxidative mechanisms because it possesses the chemical and pharmacokinetic properties necessary to provide a free radical trap. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a bifunctional alkylating agent known to produce DNA damage and to cause developmental toxicity, including malformations, in laboratory animals. METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice were given a 100 mg/kg dose of I3C 24 or 48 hr before administration of 20 mg/kg CP on gestation day 10 (GD 10). Controls were given the vehicle (DMSO), I3C, or CP. This regimen was carried out to determine if I3C could protect against the developmental toxicity of alkylating agents, such as CP. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17 and their litters were examined for adverse effects. RESULTS Treatment with I3C 48 hr before CP administration was associated with decreased fetal limb and tail malformations. Limb malformation incidences were reduced from 42% litters affected in the CP control to 16% in the I3C/CP 48-hr treatment group, and tail malformations were reduced from 45% in the CP control to 16% in the I3C/CP 48-hr treatment group, indicating a protective effect of prior exposure to I3C. I3C given 24 hr before CP had no significant protective effect, while having an apparently adverse consequence with regard to the incidence of talipes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of a developing mammal to indole-3-carbinol before exposure to cyclophosphamide during organogenesis can influence the teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Bailey
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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