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Gish A, Wiart JF, Turpin E, Allorge D, Gaulier JM. État de l’art et intérêt des dosages plasmatiques des substances endocannabinoïdes et endocannabinoïdes-like. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mwanza C, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Chen S, Wang W, Deng H. Simultaneous HPLC-APCI-MS/MS quantification of endogenous cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in hair. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1028:1-10. [PMID: 27318292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hair matrix could retrospectively record association of endogenous cannabinoids (e.g. 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, 2-AG and N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine, AEA) and glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol and cortisone) in a myriad of physiological functions. However, depending on the extraction conditions, the spontaneous isomerization of 2-AG to 1-arachidonoylglycerol (1-AG) and the possible rearrangement of O-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (OAEA) to AEA in various sample matrices could be major obstacles encountered in the detection of both 2-AG and AEA. This study aimed to develop a novel method for simultaneous quantification of 2-AG, AEA, cortisol and cortisone in hair. Methanol was used as the incubation solution and an acidic mixture of deionized water and methanol were utilized as mobile phase in order to avert possible rearrangements of both OAEA and 2-AG. The analyses were performed on a high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer with atmosphere pressure chemical ionization in positive mode. The method showed good linearity in the range of 3.0-250pg/mg for AEA, 15.0-1250pg/mg for 2-AG and 1-250pg/mg for cortisol and cortisone. Limit of detection was 1.5pg/mg for AEA, 6.0pg/mg for 2-AG and 0.5pg/mg for cortisol and cortisone. For all four analytes, intra and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 20% and recovery above 90%. Population analyses in 473 hair samples established that 2-AG was significantly correlated with AEA. 2-AG was significantly and positively correlated with cortisol and cortisone. There was a significant positive correlation of AEA with cortisol, but not with cortisone. Obese participants showed a significantly higher concentration of cortisone and 2-AG. Males showed significantly higher 2-AG and cortisone levels but significantly lower AEA levels than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mwanza
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Zambia, Lusaka 10100, Zambia
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shenghuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huihua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, and Institute of Child Development and Education, Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China.
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Tronino D, Offerta A, Ostacolo C, Russo R, De Caro C, Calignano A, Puglia C, Blasi P. Nanoparticles prolong N-palmitoylethanolamide anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:311-317. [PMID: 26866893 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Palmitoylethanolamide showed great therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammation and pain but its unfavourable pharmacokinetics properties will hinder its use in the clinical practice. A nanotechnology-based formulation was developed to enhance the probability of N-palmitoylethanolamide therapeutic success, especially in skin disease management. Lipid nanoparticles were produced and characterized to evaluate their mean size, ζ-potential, thermal behaviour, and morphology. The ability of N-palmitoylethanolamide to diffuse across the epidermis as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were investigated. Particles had a mean size of about 150 nm and a ζ-potential of -40 mV. DSC data confirmed the solid state of the matrix and the embedding of N-palmitoylethanolamide while electron microscopy have evidenced a peculiar internal structure (i.e., low-electrondense spherical objects within the matrix) that can be reliably ascribed to the presence of oil nanocompartments. Lipid nanoparticles increased N-palmitoylethanolamide percutaneous diffusion and prolonged the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in vivo. Lipid nanoparticles seem a good nanotechnology-based strategy to bring N-palmitoylethanolamide to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tronino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alessia Offerta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmelo Puglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Piazza dei Costanti, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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Lipidomic Analysis of Endocannabinoid Signaling: Targeted Metabolite Identification and Quantification. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:2426398. [PMID: 26839710 PMCID: PMC4709765 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2426398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamide (or anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) belong to the larger groups of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and monoacylglycerol (MAG) lipid classes, respectively. They are biologically active lipid molecules that activate G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors found in various organisms. After AEA and 2-AG were discovered in the 1990s, they have been extensively documented to have a broad range of physiological functions. Along with AEA, several NAEs, for example, N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-stearoylethanolamine (SEA), and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) are also present in tissues, usually at much larger concentrations than AEA. Any perturbation that involves the endocannabinoid pathway may subsequently alter basal level or metabolism of these lipid mediators. Further, the altered levels of these molecules often reflect pathological conditions associated with tissue damage. Robust and sensitive methodologies to analyze these lipid mediators are essential to understanding how they act as endocannabinoids. The recent advances in mass spectrometry allow researchers to develop lipidomics approaches and several methodologies have been proposed to quantify endocannabinoids in various biological systems.
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Tronino D, Russo R, Ostacolo C, Mazzolari A, De Caro C, Avagliano C, Laneri S, La Rana G, Sacchi A, Della Valle F, Vistoli G, Calignano A. Improvement of Topical Palmitoylethanolamide Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Pegylated Prodrugs. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3369-79. [PMID: 26289562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A small library of polyethylene glycol esters of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) was synthesized with the aim of improving the pharmacokinetic profile of the parent drug after topical administration. Synthesized prodrugs were studied for their skin accumulation, pharmacological activities, in vitro chemical stability, and in silico enzymatic hydrolysis. Prodrugs proved to be able to delay and prolong the pharmacological activity of PEA by modification of its skin accumulation profile. Pharmacokinetic improvements were particularly evident when specific structural requirements, such as flexibility and reduced molecular weight, were respected. Some of the synthesized prodrugs prolonged the pharmacological effects 5 days following topical administration, while a formulation composed by PEA and two pegylated prodrugs showed both rapid onset and long-lasting activity, suggesting the potential use of polyethylene glycol prodrugs of PEA as a suitable candidate for the treatment of skin inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tronino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Mazzolari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen De Caro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Avagliano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna La Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Sacchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Calignano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zoerner AA, Gutzki FM, Batkai S, May M, Rakers C, Engeli S, Jordan J, Tsikas D. Quantification of endocannabinoids in biological systems by chromatography and mass spectrometry: A comprehensive review from an analytical and biological perspective. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:706-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abd El-Ghaffar ME, El-Wasseef DR, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Ashry SM. Spectrofluorimetric determination of two β-agonist drugs in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms via derivatization with dansyl chloride. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811050029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buczynski MW, Parsons LH. Quantification of brain endocannabinoid levels: methods, interpretations and pitfalls. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:423-42. [PMID: 20590555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids play an important role in a diverse range of neurophysiological processes including neural development, neuroimmune function, synaptic plasticity, pain, reward and affective state. This breadth of influence and evidence for altered endocannabinoid signalling in a variety of neuropathologies has fuelled interest in the accurate quantification of these lipids in brain tissue. Established methods for endocannabinoid quantification primarily employ solvent-based lipid extraction with further sample purification by solid phase extraction. In recent years in vivo microdialysis methods have also been developed for endocannabinoid sampling from the brain interstitial space. However, considerable variability in estimates of endocannabinoid content has led to debate regarding the physiological range of concentrations present in various brain regions. This paper provides a critical review of factors that influence the quantification of brain endocannabinoid content as determined by lipid extraction from bulk tissue and by in vivo microdialysis. A variety of methodological issues are discussed including analytical approaches, endocannabinoid extraction and purification, post-mortem changes in brain endocannabinoid content, cellular reactions to microdialysis probe implantation and caveats related to lipid sampling from the extracellular space. The application of these methods for estimating brain endocannabinoid content and the effects of endocannabinoid clearance inhibition are discussed. The benefits, limitations and pitfalls associated with each approach are emphasized, with an eye toward the appropriate interpretation of data gathered by each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Buczynski
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kingsley PJ, Marnett LJ. Analysis of endocannabinoids, their congeners and COX-2 metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:2746-54. [PMID: 19505857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the early 1990s, the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a wide array of physiological processes, such as control of food intake and energy balance, fertility and obesity. As the importance of this system becomes apparent, there is a tremendous need for robust, sensitive and efficient analytical methodology for the examination of the endocannabinoids, their congeners and putative metabolites. This review will summarize quantitative analytical methodology as reported in the literature from 1992 to present for the analysis of endocannabinoids and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Kingsley
- A.B. Hancock, Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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Bisogno T, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V. Lipidomic methodologies applicable to the study of endocannabinoids and related compounds: Endocannabinoidomics. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200800233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Richardson D, Ortori CA, Chapman V, Kendall DA, Barrett DA. Quantitative profiling of endocannabinoids and related compounds in rat brain using liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2006; 360:216-26. [PMID: 17141174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method is described for the simultaneous identification and quantification of eight endocannabinoid (EC) or related "entourage" compounds in rat brain tissue. Analytes were extracted and purified from rat brain tissue using an ethyl acetate/hexane solvent extraction, followed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a gradient elution, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile, formic acid, and ammonium acetate, at pH 3.6. A Thermo Hypersil C8 HyPurity Advance column (100x2.1 mm i.d., 3 microm) was used with a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min). Anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG), 2-arachidonylglyceryl ether (noladin ether), O-arachidonyl ethanolamide (virodhamine), 2-linoleoyl glycerol (2-LG), arachidonyl glycine, oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA) were quantified by positive ion tandem electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Internal standards were deuterated AEA, deuterated 2-AG, and heptadecanoyl ethanolamide (HEA). Linearity was proven over the range of 25 fmol to 250 pmol, with a limit of detection of 25 fmol on column for all analytes except 2-AG, noladin ether, and 2-LG (250 fmol). This corresponded to a limit of quantification in biological tissue of 10 pmol/g for all analytes except 2-AG (100 pmol/g). Intra- and interday precision in biological tissue was routinely approximately 20% or lower, and accuracy was between 65% and 155%. This method was used to quantitatively profile regional differences in nine discrete rat brain regions for AEA, 2-AG, 2-LG, OEA, PEA, noladin ether, virodhamine, and arachidonyl glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Richardson
- Center for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Schmidt A, Brune K, Hinz B. Determination of the endocannabinoid anandamide in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2006; 20:336-42. [PMID: 16189813 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (N-arachidonylethanolamine) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand that has been implicated in various physiological and pathophysiological functions. In the present study, a liquid-liquid extraction-based reversed-phase HPLC method with fluorometric detection was validated and applied for the analysis of anandamide in human plasma. Following derivatization with the fluorogenic reagent 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-(N-chloroformylmethyl-N-methyl-amino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COCl), the analyte was separated using an acetonitrile-water gradient at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and spectrophotometric detection at 560 nm with an excitation wavelength of 450 nm. The retention times for anandamide and R+-methanandamide (internal standard) were 27.1 and 30.7 min, respectively. The validated quantification range was 1-15 ng/mL. The developed procedure was applied to determine anandamide levels in human plasma following a 24 h incubation of human whole blood at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, an inhibitor of the anandamide-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase. Anandamide levels determined under both conditions were within the validated concentration range with anandamide levels being 2.3-fold higher in plasma from PMSF-treated blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmidt
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Higashi Y, Fujii Y. Sensitive Determination of the Binding of Antidepressants to Synthetic Melanin by Liquid Chromatography After Pre‐column Derivatization with Dansyl Chloride. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120038776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Higashi
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokuriku University , Ho‐3, Kanagawa‐machi , Kanazawa , 920‐1181 , Japan
| | - Youichi Fujii
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Hokuriku University , Ho‐3, Kanagawa‐machi , Kanazawa , 920‐1181 , Japan
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