Gas chromatographic analysis of chloroquine after a unique reaction with chloroformates

Simple, rapid and simultaneous measurement of eight different types of carbamate pesticides in serum using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

We have developed a method for simultaneous analysis of methylcarbamate pesticides in serum with an acute pesticide intoxication. This is performed by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid detection of eight types of methylcarbamate pesticide can be achieved with this method, it only requires an extremely simple pre-treatment of the sample. The specificity of this method is equal to that of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and it satisfies the clinical requirements for detection sensitivity and specificity. Although some problems with this analytical method remain to be solved, we consider it to be superior to any other analytical method previously reported.

Drug level monitoring: chromatography of some minor groups of drugs

Some important facts about the chromatographic separation of a number of selected categories of drugs are summarized. The data refer to the chromatographic method of choice, stationary phase, mobile phase (carrier gas), detection procedure and (where available) method sensitivity. Also, fundamental instrumental parameters, namely injector, column and detector temperature, carrier gas and mobile phase flow-rate and gradient set-up are reported here. In all cases also the source material used for analysis is specified. The data are presented in table form, each table dealing with a particular category of drugs. The following categories of drugs are being dealt with: anthelmintics, antiarteriosclerotics, antibacterials, anticholinergics and cholinergics, anticoagulants, antidiabetics, antiemetics, antimycotics, antihistamines, antimalarials, antiparasitics, antiparkinsonics, antitussives, antiulcer drugs, antiviral compounds, appetite depressants and immunosuppressives.

An improved gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine and two metabolites using capillary columns

A gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of therapeutic levels of chloroquine, and the metabolites deethyl chloroquine and bideethyl chloroquine in human whole blood, plasma and urine has been developed by use of the capillary column technique. The analytes were extracted as bases with n-hexane-1-pentanol (90:10) and re-extracted into an acidic aqueous phase. After a further extraction to a small volume of chloroform, the substances were injected by the falling needle technique onto a fused-silica capillary column followed by nitrogen-selective detection. Limits of determination using 2 ml of the sample were found to be 10 nmol/l (3 ng/ml) for chloroquine and deethyl chloroquine and 30-40 nmol/l (10 ng/ml) for bideethyl chloroquine with a coefficient of variation of less than 15%. The precision of the method at the 100 nmol/l level was about 4% (n = 8) for chloroquine.

Derivatization reactions in the gas—liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological fluids

Alkylation, acylation, silylation and other derivatization reactions applied to the gas chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological matrices are reviewed. Reaction conditions are discussed in relation to reaction mechanisms. Detector-oriented labelling of drugs, and derivatization with chiral reagents for the separation of enantiomers are surveyed. Data on the sample clean-up, derivatization and GLC analysis of more than 300 drugs and related compounds are listed.