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Wang Q, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Preparation of a Magnetic Nanoporous Polymer for the Fast and Efficient Extraction of 5-Nitroimidazoles in Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11527-11535. [PMID: 31536347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A magnetic nanoporous organic polymer (M-NOP) was prepared as a new adsorbent with excellent extraction capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics for 5-nitroimidazoles (5-NDZs). Hence, a rapid and effective method was proposed for determination of 5-NDZs in milk by combining M-NOP-based magnetic solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography. Main extraction conditions were investigated. Under optimal conditions, good linear response was achieved in a range of 2.4-100 ng mL-1 with a lower detection limit of 0.8-1.0 ng mL-1. High accuracy with a recovery of 80.0-116.0% for the fortified samples, good repeatability with relative standard deviation below 10%, and a high enrichment factor of 97-111 were obtained. The rapid adsorption of 5-NDZs on M-NOP is mainly driven by H-bonding, π-stacking, and polar interactions. Finally, the M-NOP-based method was successfully used to determine 5-NDZs in milk samples. The M-NOP is expected to present promising application in the extraction and quantitative analysis of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- College of Science , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- College of Science , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Science , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding 071001 , China
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2
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Li X, Ke Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Ye D, Hu X, Zhou L, Xia X. Confirmatory Analysis of Nitroimidazoles and Hydroxy Metabolites in Honey by Dispersive-Solid Phase Extraction and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2018; 23:E3350. [PMID: 30567334 PMCID: PMC6321421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for confirmatory analysis of four nitroimidazoles and three hydroxy metabolites in honey. Honey samples were dissolved in 2% formic acid solution and nitroimidazoles and metabolites were isolated and enriched by dispersive-solid phase extraction using mixed-mode strong cation-exchange sorbent. The determination involves separation of analytes on an UHPLC C18 column and detection by multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode. The recovery of the method was ranged from 90.2 to 105.6% with inter-day relative standard deviations of less than 11.2%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the ranges of 0.02⁻0.07 µg/kg and 0.05⁻0.2 µg/kg, respectively. Honey samples from the market were analyzed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yingyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Chengfei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dongyang Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xue Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xi Xia
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Development and validation of a QuEChERS method for the analysis of 5-nitroimidazole traces in infant milk-based samples by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1562:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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Guo XC, Xia ZY, Wang HH, Kang WY, Lin LM, Cao WQ, Zhang HW, Zhou WH. Molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction method for simultaneous determination of seven nitroimidazoles from honey by HPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2017; 166:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry combined with molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction as useful tool for the monitoring of 5-nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in urine samples. Talanta 2017; 163:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Yang X, Cheng X, Lin Y, Tan Z, Xie L, Choi MM. Determination of three nitroimidazoles in rabbit plasma by two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis featuring sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1325:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Sichilongo KF, Mutsimhu C, Obuseng VC. Gas chromatography − mass spectral characteristics of six pharmacologically active compounds — analytical performance characteristics on a raw sewage impacted water sample. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have interrogated the characteristics of six pharmacologically active compounds in a hot gas chromatograph injector including some mass spectral characteristics in a quadrupole mass analyzer. The analytes are dimetridazole, metronidazole, chlorpromazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, and dapsone. We have demonstrated the impact of the injector on the conversion efficiency of solvent to vapor in relation to analytes under investigation. The overall analytical performance of key parameters that were scrutinized and tested on a spiked raw sewer water sample using electron ionization (EI), positive chemical ionization (PCI), and negative chemical ionization (NCI) in the full and selected ion monitoring (SIM) scan modes are also presented. These parameters were the instrument detection limits (IDLs), method detection limits (MDLs), linearities, and percent recoveries. Correlation coefficients (R2) were greater than 0.9950 using all ionization and scan modes. Better MDLs were obtained using the SIM mode in all instances. The SIM mode MDLs ranged as follows: EI 0.308–0.711 and PCI 0.656–1.14 mg/L. Extremely good signals were observed in the NCI mode with dimetridazole and metronidazole where MDLs in the SIM mode were estimated to be 0.057 and 0.062 mg/L. Percent relative standard deviations (n = 3) were all less than 5% using EI employing full and SIM scan modes. Recoveries ranged from 55% to 96% in the full scan mode and from 67% to 94% in the SIM mode. Signal losses and ion population ratios in relation to the number of samples, i.e., scan speed and the mass scan range, are also interrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwenga F. Sichilongo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, PB UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Cosmas Mutsimhu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, PB UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Veronica C. Obuseng
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, PB UB 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
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Zelníčková H, Rejtharová M. Determination of 5-nitroimidazoles in various types of matrices using molecular imprinted polymer purification. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1123-7. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.780211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Granja RH, Nino AM, Reche KV, Giannotti FM, de Lima AC, Wanschel AC, Salerno AG. Determination and confirmation of metronidazole, dimetridazole, ronidazole and their metabolites in bovine muscle by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:970-6. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.787653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Boison JO, Asea PA, Matus JL. Validation of a new screening, determinative, and confirmatory multi-residue method for nitroimidazoles and their hydroxy metabolites in turkey muscle tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2012; 4 Suppl 1:130-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joe O. Boison
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Saskatoon; Saskatchewan; Canada
| | - Philip A. Asea
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Saskatoon; Saskatchewan; Canada
| | - Johanna L. Matus
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency; Saskatoon; Saskatchewan; Canada
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11
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Determination of 5-nitroimidazoles and metabolites in environmental samples by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:297-305. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Lin Y, Su Y, Liao X, Yang N, Yang X, Choi MMF. Determination of five nitroimidazole residues in artificial porcine muscle tissue samples by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 88:646-52. [PMID: 22265553 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with ultraviolet detection has been developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of five nitroimidazoles including benzoylmetronidazole, dimetridazole, metronidazole, ronidazole, and secnidazole in porcine muscles. Nitroimidazoles in samples were extracted by ethyl acetate with subsequent clean-up by a strong cation exchange solid phase extraction column. The clean extracts were subjected to CE separation with optimal experimental conditions: pH 3.0 running buffer containing 25mM sodium phosphate and 0.10mM tetrabutylammonium bromide, 5s hydrodynamic injection at 0.5psi and 28kV separation voltage. The nitroimidazoles could be monitored and detected at 320nm within 18min. The limits of detection were below 1.0μg/kg and limits of quantification were lower than 3.2μg/kg for all nitroimidazoles in the muscle samples. The recoveries and relative standard deviations were 85.4-96.0, 83.5-92.5, 1.3-3.9, and 1.1-4.2%, respectively for the intra-day and inter-day analyses. The proposed CE method has been successfully applied to determine nitroimidazoles in artificial porcine muscle samples with good accuracy and recovery, demonstrating that it has potential for detection and quantification of multi-nitroimidazole residue in real muscle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyun Lin
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Nanchong 637000, PR China
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13
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Wang Y, He F, Wan Y, Meng M, Xu J, Zhang Y, Yi J, Feng C, Wang S, Xi R. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for nitroimidazoles in food products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:619-26. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.563366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Analytical methodologies for the determination of nitroimidazole residues in biological and environmental liquid samples: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:113-22. [PMID: 20417321 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles (NDZs) are antiprotozoal drugs that are typically used in veterinary and human medicine. NDZs and their metabolites are believed to possess genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and this is (one reason) why their use has been banned within the European Union. Hence, the determination of trace residues of these substances in edible animal tissues has been of growing concern over the past few years. Even, though there has been a need to develop sensitive and reliable analytical methods to study the residues of these compounds in different matrices, available methodologies in environmental samples are rather limited. These and other pharmaceutical compounds have become one of the most important new classes of environmental pollutants that have been detected in wastewater-treatment-plant (WWTP) effluents, receiving waters, drinking water and groundwater. A compilation of the most representative analytical methodologies for the determination of NDZ residues during the last decade is presented in this paper. Its scope is the two main areas which require their determination, namely biological and environmental matrices. A detailed explanation of both areas, including sample treatment and detection systems, and future trends is presented, focusing on the difficulties of confirming analytes at low concentration levels.
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15
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The validation of methods for regulatory purposes in the control of residues. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8051-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Cronly M, Behan P, Foley B, Malone E, Regan L. Rapid confirmatory method for the determination of 11 nitroimidazoles in egg using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kinsella B, O’Mahony J, Malone E, Moloney M, Cantwell H, Furey A, Danaher M. Current trends in sample preparation for growth promoter and veterinary drug residue analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7977-8015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 5-nitroimidazoles and their metabolites in egg. OPEN CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) procedure was developed for the determination of five 5-nitroimidazoles (dimetridazole, ipronidazole, metronidazole, ronidazole and ternidazole) and three of their metabolites (1-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxymethyl-5-nitroimidazole and 1-methyl-2-(2′-hydroxyisopropyl)-5-nitroimidazole) in egg matrices. Conditions for UPLC separation and electrospray ionization MS/MS in the positive ion mode were optimized. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with buffered aqueous 2.5% trichloroacetic acid followed by solid-phase extraction on a Strata-X-C cartridge with reversed-phase and cation-exchange functionalities. The method’s performance was evaluated in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, applying the alternative matrix-comprehensive in-house validation approach using specially designed InterVal software. The method was robust against different sample matrix and SPE cartridges, operator change, and changes in sample extract storage. Acceptable apparent recoveries (76 to 109%) were obtained for all analytes. The decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCα) were within the ranges of 0.19–2.62 and 0.26–4.29 μg kg−1. For all compounds the calibration curve linearity was good with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. Fifteen eggs and ten whole egg powder samples obtained commercially in Lithuania were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; none were found contaminated by 5-nitroimidazoles or their metabolites.
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Development and validation of a rapid method for the determination and confirmation of 10 nitroimidazoles in animal plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Wang H, Wang Z, Liu S, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Shan J. Quantification of nitroimidazoles residues in swine liver by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 82:411-414. [PMID: 18953470 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ronidazole (RNZ), metronidazole (MNZ) and dimetridazole (DMZ) residues in swine liver. Following liquid-liquid extraction, the HLB solid-phase extraction was used for further purification. The targets were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) following the reverse phase liquid chromatography separation. Consequently, the detection limits for the method were 0.5 microg/kg for MNZ, 1.0 microg/kg for RNZ and 0.5 microg/kg for DMZ, respectively. The accuracies were determined using swine liver samples fortified at levels of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 microg/kg and the mean recoveries of the analytes were between 66% and 81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shuangqing Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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Thompson CS, Traynor IM, Fodey TL, Crooks SR. Improved screening method for the detection of a range of nitroimidazoles in various matrices by optical biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:259-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Determination of 5-nitroimidazoles and corresponding hydroxy metabolites in swine kidney by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Zeleny R, Schimmel H, Ulberth F, Emons H. Development of a certified reference material for the content of nitroimidazole parent drugs and hydroxy metabolites in pork meat. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 634:237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zeleny R, Harbeck S, Schimmel H. Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of 5-nitroimidazole drugs and their corresponding hydroxy metabolites in lyophilised pork meat. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:249-56. [PMID: 19084841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of 5-nitroimidazole veterinary drugs in lyophilised pork meat, the chosen format of a candidate certified reference material, has been developed and validated. Six analytes have been included in the scope of validation, i.e. dimetridazole (DMZ), metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), hydroxymetronidazole (MNZOH), hydroxyipronidazole (IPZOH), and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (HMMNI). The analytes were extracted from the sample with ethyl acetate, chromatographically separated on a C(18) column, and finally identified and quantified by tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) using matrix-matched calibration and (2)H(3)-labelled analogues of the analytes (except for MNZOH, where [(2)H(3)]MNZ was used). The method was validated in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, by determining selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, apparent recovery, repeatability and intermediate precision, decision limits and detection capabilities, robustness of sample preparation method, and stability of extracts. Recovery at 1 microg/kg level was at 100% (estimates in the range of 101-107%) for all analytes, repeatabilities and intermediate precisions at this level were in the range of 4-12% and 2-9%, respectively. Linearity of calibration curves in the working range 0.5-10 microg/kg was confirmed, with r values typically >0.99. Decision limits (CCalpha) and detection capabilities (CCbeta) according to ISO 11843-2 (calibration curve approach) were 0.29-0.44 and 0.36-0.54 microg/kg, respectively. The method reliably identifies and quantifies the selected nitroimidazoles in the reconstituted pork meat in the low and sub-microg/kg range and will be applied in an interlaboratory comparison for determining the mass fraction of the selected nitroimidazoles in the candidate reference material currently developed at IRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Zeleny
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
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25
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Xia X, Li X, Zhang S, Ding S, Jiang H, Li J, Shen J. Simultaneous determination of 5-nitroimidazoles and nitrofurans in pork by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1208:101-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Mohamed R, Mottier P, Treguier L, Richoz-Payot J, Yilmaz E, Tabet JC, Guy PA. Use of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of four 5-nitroimidazoles and three of their metabolites from egg-based samples before tandem LC-ESIMS/MS analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:3500-3508. [PMID: 18457401 DOI: 10.1021/jf072807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A nitroimidazole, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was tested to extract four 5-nitroimidazoles (i.e., dimetridazole (DMZ), ipronidazole (IPZ), metronidazole (MNZ), and ronidazole (RNZ)) and three of their metabolites (i.e., DMZOH, IPZOH, and MNZOH) from egg powder samples. Various MIP templates were produced, and their selectivity was assessed on nitroimidazole standard solutions using liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection. The optimal cleanup was then used for the extraction of nitroimidazole in egg powder samples, and their quantification was achieved by isotope dilution LC-ESIMS/MS. The sample preparation entails a solubilization of the samples with water and acetonitrile followed by a MISPE cleanup step before LC-ESIMS/MS analysis. Data acquisition was achieved using selected reaction monitoring, and quantification was done with five deuterated analogues (i.e., DMZ- d(3), RNZ- d(3), IPZ- d(3), DMZOH- d(3), and IPZOH- d(3)). DMZOH- d(3) was used to quantify MNZ and MNZOH since they do not have their corresponding internal standards. The method was validated according to the European Union criteria by spiking experiments at concentration levels of 1, 2, and 3 microg/kg. At these three levels and for compounds having their own internal standards, acceptable performance data were obtained, with internal standard corrected recoveries ranging from 91 to 111%, and decision limits (CCalpha) and detection capabilities (CCbeta) were below 0.34 and 0.39 microg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Mohamed
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., P.O. Box 44, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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Connolly L, Thompson CS, Haughey SA, Traynor IM, Tittlemeier S, Elliott CT. The development of a multi-nitroimidazole residue analysis assay by optical biosensor via a proof of concept project to develop and assess a prototype test kit. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:155-61. [PMID: 17693320 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/06/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An assay based on optical biosensor technology has been developed to detect a broad range of nitroimidazole drug residues and their metabolites (dimetridazole (DMZ), metronidazole (MNZ), ronidazole (RNZ), hydroxymetronidazole (HO-MNZ) and hydroxydimetridazole (HO-DMZ)) in chicken muscle. The detection limit for the procedure was determined as 0.5 ppb for DMZ and detection capabilities (CCbetas) ranged from <1 ppb for DMZ, MNZ and RNZ to <2 ppb for HO-MNZ and HO-DMZ. Intra-assay variation (n=6) was calculated as 11.6% at a concentration of 1 ppb DMZ and 4.7% at a concentration of 2 ppb DMZ. Inter-assay variation (n=3) was determined to be 14.2% at a concentration of 1 ppb DMZ and 3.5% at a concentration of 2 ppb DMZ. A prototype kit based on this assay was produced and a multinational study was undertaken to independently evaluate its performance. The resulting data showed that the kit can be implemented with little difficulty in laboratories of varying expertise and is sensitive enough to meet the standards required by international law. Feedback from this study led to the incorporation of some minor improvements to the kit. The commercial partner in the project, XenoSense Ltd., was consulted with regards to producing a commercial test kit based on the prototype assay. As feedback from the collaborative study had been positive with respect to speed, ease of use and performance of the kit, the decision to commercialise the kit was taken. In conclusion, the prototype nitroimidazole kit was shown to offer numerous advantages over existing analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Connolly
- The Institute of Agri-Food and Land Use, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland.
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Xia X, Li X, Zhang S, Ding S, Jiang H, Shen J. Confirmation of four nitroimidazoles in porcine liver by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 586:394-8. [PMID: 17386739 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable multiresidue method is described for analysis of ronidazole, metronidazole, dimetridazole and the common metabolite of ronidazole and dimetridazole, 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole in swine liver. The sample preparation procedure was based on liquid-liquid extraction and mixed mode cation exchange/reverse phase solid-phase extraction. The compounds of interest were determined by reverse phase gradient liquid chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The limits of confirmation were 0.1-0.5 microg kg(-1) for the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xia
- China Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100094, China
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29
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Fraselle S, Derop V, Degroodt JM, Van Loco J. Validation of a method for the detection and confirmation of nitroimidazoles and the corresponding hydroxy metabolites in pig plasma by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 586:383-93. [PMID: 17386738 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles (Ronidazole, Dimetridazole, Metronidazole, Ipronidazole) and their hydroxy metabolites are banned substances with antibiotic and anticoccidial activity. They are suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. Since nitroimidazoles showed an inhomogeneous distribution and a rapid degradation in incurred muscle samples, plasma is the preferred target matrix for residue analysis. The analytical method of Polzer et al. [J. Polzer, C. Stachel, P. Gowik, Anal. Chim. Acta 521 (2004) 189] was adapted for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection and was validated in house according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method is specific for all nitroimidazole except for Ipronidazole and its metabolite, due to interferences at their retention times in chromatograms of blank plasma and reagents samples. The absence of a matrix effect enables the use of a (linear) calibration curve in solution for quantitation. The apparent recovery (obtained after correction with a deuterated internal standard) is between 93% and 123%, except for the metabolite of Metronidazole (58-63%). The repeatability (CVr=2.49-13.39%) and intralaboratory reproducibility (CVRW=2.49-16.38%) satisfy the Horwitz equation. The obtained values for the detection capacity (CCbeta) range from 0.25 to 1 microg L(-1), while values obtained for the decision limit (CCalpha) are below CCbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Fraselle
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Food Department, 14 J. Wytsmanstreet, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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30
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Capitan-Vallvey LF, Ariza A, Checa R, Navas N. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Six 5-Nitroimidazoles in Animal Feedstuff. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Benetti C, Piro R, Binato G, Angeletti R, Biancotto G. Simultaneous determination of lincomycin and five macrolide antibiotic residues in honey by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:1099-108. [PMID: 17071512 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600699338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific method based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), for the simultaneous determination of lincomycin and five macrolide antibiotics in honey, was developed and validated. The analytes were extracted with Tris buffer 0.1 M, pH 10.5, and cleaned-up by a single solid-phase extraction step on OASIS HLB column. The chromatographic separation of analytes was performed on a Synergi Hydro-RP reversed-phase column using a gradient programme of aqueous 0.01 M ammonium acetate, pH 3.5, and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, at a flow rate 0.25 ml min-1. The detection of analytes was achieved by positive ionization electrospray in multiple reaction-monitoring mode. Two characteristic transitions were monitored for each substance. The following analytical parameters were validated according to the guidelines laid down by European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC (European Commission 2002): linearity, specificity, decision limit (CCalpha), detection capability (CCbeta), repeatability, within-laboratory reproducibility, recovery and ruggedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, 10, I-35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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32
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Zeleny R, Ulberth F, Gowik P, Polzer J, van Ginkel LA, Emons H. Developing new reference materials for effective veterinary drug-residue testing in food-producing animals. Trends Analyt Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Ho C, Sin DW, Wong K, Tang HP. Determination of dimetridazole and metronidazole in poultry and porcine tissues by gas chromatography–electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Polzer J, Gowik P. Nitroimidazoles in turkey muscle—the influence of sampling conditions on measurement results in residue control. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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35
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Khong SP, Gremaud E, Richoz J, Delatour T, Guy PA, Stadler RH, Mottier P. Analysis of matrix-bound nitrofuran residues in worldwide-originated honeys by isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:5309-5315. [PMID: 15315362 DOI: 10.1021/jf0401118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective isotope dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESIMS/MS) method is presented for the simultaneous analysis of the metabolites of four nitrofuran veterinary drugs, that is, furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofurazone, in honey samples. The method entails a combined hydrolysis of protein-bound drug metabolites and derivatization of the resulting metabolites with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (NBA) during an overnight incubation, followed by a liquid-liquid extraction and a cleanup on a polymeric solid-phase extraction cartridge. Mass spectral acquisition is carried out in the positive ion mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of three diagnostic transition reactions for each analyte under survey. A reliable quantification is obtained by the use of one deuterated analogue per analyte (NBA-d(4) derivative). The method has been validated in honey according to the European Union criteria for the analysis of veterinary drug residues in food. Expressed in underivatized nitrofuran metabolite concentrations, the decision limits (CCalpha) ranged within 0.07-0.46 microg/kg, and the detection capabilities (CCbeta) were within 0.12-0.56 microg/kg. The method has been successfully applied in a survey of honeys of various geographical origins, showing that furazolidone is the main nitrofuran antibiotic administered to treat bacterial diseases of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seu-Ping Khong
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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37
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Delatour T, Périsset A, Goldmann T, Riediker S, Stadler RH. Improved sample preparation to determine acrylamide in difficult matrixes such as chocolate powder, cocoa, and coffee by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:4625-4631. [PMID: 15264891 DOI: 10.1021/jf0498362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An improved sample preparation (extraction and cleanup) is presented that enables the quantification of low levels of acrylamide in difficult matrixes, including soluble chocolate powder, cocoa, coffee, and coffee surrogate. Final analysis is done by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using d3-acrylamide as internal standard. Sample pretreatment essentially encompasses (a) protein precipitation with Carrez I and II solutions, (b) extraction of the analyte into ethyl acetate, and (c) solid-phase extraction on a Multimode cartridge. The stability of acrylamide in final extracts and in certain commercial foods and beverages is also reported. This approach provided good performance in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. Full validation was conducted in soluble chocolate powder, achieving a decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) of 9.2 and 12.5 microg/kg, respectively. The method was extended to the analysis of acrylamide in various foodstuffs such as mashed potatoes, crisp bread, and butter biscuit and cookies. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method is demonstrated by the results obtained in three inter-laboratory proficiency tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Delatour
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH - 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
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38
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Fodey TL, Connolly L, Crooks SR, Delahaut P, Elliott CT. Production and characterisation of polyclonal antibodies to a range of nitroimidazoles. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Mortier L, Daeseleire E, Delahaut P. Simultaneous detection of five coccidiostats in eggs by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Capitan-Vallvey LF, Ariza A, Checa R, Navas N. Determination of five nitroimidazoles in water by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2002; 978:243-8. [PMID: 12458960 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method for the determination of five nitroimidazoles in water from different sources is described. The extraction procedure was based on HLB solid-phase extraction with acetonitrile followed by an evaporation step. Ternidazol, another nitroimidazole, was used as the internal standard. The liquid chromatographic separation was made on a C18 bonded silica column applying a gradient with an ammonium acetate buffer solution and acetonitrile. Following electrospray ionisation, the protonated molecular ions [M+H]+ were obtained. Quantification for each nitroimidazole was carried out by monitoring its molecular ion. Calibration functions, quantification and detection limits, intra- and inter-day reproducibility and accuracy were estimated. For the confirmatory assay, several fragment ions from each nitroimidazole were obtained and monitored. The method was applied successfully to determine and identify nitroimidazoles in water from different sources at a level of 0.2 microg l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Capitan-Vallvey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, E-18071, Spain.
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41
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:119-132. [PMID: 11813320 DOI: 10.1002/jms.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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