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Nalini CN, Kumar V. A Review of Different Analytical Techniques for Fexofenadine Hydrochloride and Montelukast Sodium in Different Matrices. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:232-245. [PMID: 31899949 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1709410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fexofenadine hydrochloride is an antihistamine agent used for the treatment of allergic disorders like rhinitis. It is a second generation antihistamine. Montelukast sodium is an anti-asthmatic agent and leukotriene receptor antagonist used in the treatment of respiratory disorders. This article exemplifies the reported analytical methods like electrometric methods, ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography and tandem spectroscopy for determination of fexofenadine HCl and montelukast sodium in dosage form and in biological matrices. This review covers almost all the analytical methods for fexofenadine hydrochloride and montelukast sodium form 1968-2018 years. Complete analytical validation parameters reported are discussed in this review for both analytes. Among various analytical methods, HPLC and UV-visible spectrophotometry were found to be the most extensively used methods by the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Nalini
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India
| | - Vinoth Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, C.L. Baid Metha College of Pharmacy, Chennai, India
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2
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Al-Kindy SM, Al-Shamalani K, Suliman FO, Al-Lawati HA. Terbium sensitized luminescence for the determination of fexofenadine in pharmaceutical formulations. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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3
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Malik P, Bhushan R. Enantioseparation of (RS
)-fexofenadine and enhanced detection as the diastereomeric amide and anhydride derivatives using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4217. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Malik
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; India
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Kanthiah S, Kannappan V. D-Optimal mixture design optimization of an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of commonly used antihistaminic parent molecules and their active metabolites in human serum and urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvakumar Kanthiah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology; Annamalai University; Annamalai Nagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Valliappan Kannappan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology; Annamalai University; Annamalai Nagar Tamil Nadu India
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5
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Helmy SA, El Bedaiwy HM. HPLC Determination of Fexofenadine in Human Plasma For Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacokinetic Studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:1059-1064. [PMID: 26577375 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method was developed for fexofenadine determination in human plasma by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Satisfactory separation was achieved on a Hypersil® BDS C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) using a mobile phase comprising 20 mm sodium dihydrogen phosphate-2 hydrate (pH adjusted to 3 with phosphoric acid)-acetonitrile at a ratio of 52:48, v/v. The elution was isocratic at ambient temperature with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The UV detector was set at 215 nm for the drug and 330 nm for the internal standared (tinidazole). The total time for a chromatographic separation was ~6.5 min. Linearity was demonstrated over the concentration range 0.01-4 μg/mL. The observed within- and between-day assay precision ranged from 0.346 to 13.6%; accuracy varied between 100.4 and 111.2%. This method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients treated with clinical doses of fexofenadine and for pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Helmy
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taibah University, AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - H M El Bedaiwy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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El-Kommos ME, El-Gizawy SM, Atia NN, Hosny NM. Analysis for commonly prescribed non-sedating antihistamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Muppavarapu R, Guttikar S, Rajappan M, Kamarajan K, Mullangi R. Sensitive LC-MS/MS-ESI method for simultaneous determination of montelukast and fexofenadine in human plasma: application to a bioequivalence study. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1048-56. [PMID: 24424850 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of montelukast (MT) and fexofenadine (FF) in human plasma (200 μL) using montelukast-d6 (MT-d6 ) and fexofenadine-d10 (FF-d10 ), respectively as an internal standard (IS) as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The chromatographic resolution was achieved on a Chromolith RP18e column using an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 20 mm ammonium formate-acetonitrile (20:80, v/v) at flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The LC-MS/MS was operated under the multiple-reaction monitoring mode using electrospray ionization. The total run time of analysis was 4 min and elution of MT, FF, MT-d6 and FF-d10 occurred at 2.5, 1.2, 2.4 and 1.2 min, respectively. The standard curve found to be linear in the range 2.00-1000 ng/mL with a coefficient of correlation of ≥0.99 for both the drugs. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision values for MT and FF met the acceptance as per FDA guidelines. MT and FF were found to be stable in a battery of stability studies viz., bench-top, auto-sampler and repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The validated assay was applied to an oral bioequivalence study in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendraprasad Muppavarapu
- Veeda Clinical Research Pvt. Ltd, Shivalik Plaza-A, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad, 380015, India; Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608002, India
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8
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Javid FS, Shafaati A, Zarghi A. APPLICATION OF SDS MICELLES AS CARRIERS FOR RELIABLE DETERMINATION OF FEXOFENADINE AND ITS IMPURITIES IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY CAPILLARY MICELLAR ELECTROPHORESIS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.738615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farin Sattary Javid
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Shafaati
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- a Pharmaceutical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Vaghela B, Rao SS, Reddy AM, Venkatesh P, Kumar N. Identification and Characterization of an Oxidative Degradation Product of Fexofenadine, Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-UPLC Method for the Estimation of Process Related Impurities and Degradation Products of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceutical Formulations. Sci Pharm 2012; 80:295-309. [PMID: 22896817 PMCID: PMC3383222 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1111-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel stability-indicating gradient RP-UPLC method was developed for the quantitative determination of process related impurities and forced degradation products of fexofenadine HCl in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was developed by using Waters Aquity BEH C18 (100 mm x 2.1 mm) 1.7 μm column with mobile phase containing a gradient mixture of solvent A (0.05% triethyl amine, pH adjusted to 7.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid) and B (10:90 v/v mixture of water and acetonitrile). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.4 mL/min with column temperature of 30°C and detection wavelength at 220nm. Fexofenadine HCl was subjected to the stress conditions including oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. Fexofenadine HCl was found to degrade significantly in oxidative stress conditions, and degradation product was identified and characterized by ESI-MS/MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic method as the N-oxide 2-[4-(1-hydroxy-4-{4-[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]-1-oxido-piperidin-1-yl}butyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanoic acid. The degradation products were well resolved from fexofenadine and its impurities. The mass balance was found to be satisfactory in all the stress conditions, thus proving the stability-indicating capability of the method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness.
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10
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Yao M, Srinivas NR. Quantification of fexofenadine in biological matrices: a review of bioanalytical methods. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:942-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuggehally R. Srinivas
- Vanthys Pharmaceutical Development [P] Ltd; Phoenix Pinnacle, no. 46, 3rd Floor, Ulsoor Road; Bangalore; 560042; India
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11
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Flynn CA, Alnouti Y, Reed GA. Quantification of the transporter substrate fexofenadine in cell lysates by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:2361-2366. [PMID: 21766379 PMCID: PMC4076838 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions at transporters present a significant and under-investigated clinical problem. Investigations of specific transporter functions and screening for potential drug-drug interactions, both in vitro and especially in vivo, will require validated experimental probes. Fexofenadine, an approved, well-tolerated drug, is a promising probe for studies of membrane transporter function. Although fexofenadine pharmacokinetics are known to be controlled by transporters, the contributions of individual transporters have not been defined. We have developed a rapid, specific, and sensitive analytical method for quantitation of fexofenadine to support this work. This liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method quantifies fexofenadine in cell lysates from in vitro studies using cetirizine as the internal standard. Cell lysates were prepared for analysis by acetonitrile precipitation. Analytes were then separated by gradient reversed-phase chromatography and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry using the m/z 502.17/466.2 transition for fexofenadine and m/z 389.02/201.1 for cetirizine. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 1-500 ng/mL for fexofenadine in cell lysates. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 5%. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were within the limits presented in the FDA guidelines for bioanalysis. We also will validate this method to support not only the quantification of fexofenadine, but also other probe drugs for drug-drug interaction studies. This method for quantification will facilitate the use of fexofenadine as a probe drug for characterization of transporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory A. Reed
- Corresponding Author: Gregory A. Reed, MS 1018, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160; (913)588-7513;
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12
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Al Lawati HAJ, Al Dahmani ZM, Suliman FEO, Al Kindy SMZ, Al-Lawati AM. Analysis of fexofenadine in pharmaceutical formulations using tris(1,10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium(II) peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence system in a multichip device. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:762-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haider A. J. Al Lawati
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Box 36; Al-Khod; 123; Oman
| | - Zeiyana M. Al Dahmani
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Box 36; Al-Khod; 123; Oman
| | - Fakhr Eldin O. Suliman
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Box 36; Al-Khod; 123; Oman
| | - Salma M. Z. Al Kindy
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Box 36; Al-Khod; 123; Oman
| | - Ali M. Al-Lawati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; College of Engineering; Sultan Qaboos University; Box 33; Al-Khod; 123; Oman
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13
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Mandery K, Bujok K, Schmidt I, Keiser M, Siegmund W, Balk B, König J, Fromm MF, Glaeser H. Influence of the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin on the function of organic anion transporting polypeptides 1A2 and 2B1. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1746-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Konieczna L, Plenis A, Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Bączek T. Rapid RP-LC Method with Fluorescence Detection for Analysis of Fexofenadine in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Kumar L, Alam MS, Meena CL, Jain R, Bansal AK. Chapter 4 fexofenadine hydrochloride. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2010; 34:153-192. [PMID: 22469174 DOI: 10.1016/s1871-5125(09)34004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Punjab 160062, India
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16
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Smith SM, Gums JG. Fexofenadine: biochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and its unique role in allergic disorders. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 5:813-22. [PMID: 19545214 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903044967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fexofenadine is one of several second-generation H(1)-antihistamines approved for the treatment of various allergic disorders; however, it shows numerous unique properties that make it an optimal choice for many patients. OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of fexofenadine and the attributes differentiating it from other H(1)-antihistamines. METHODS We performed a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE (1966 - March 2009) using the keywords fexofenadine, antihistamine, allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. We also reviewed data provided by the manufacturer in addition to reports from various governmental agencies. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Fexofenadine is devoid of sedative and anticholinergic effects and may offer equivalent or greater efficacy in treating allergic disorders compared with other currently available second-generation H(1)-antihistamines. In addition, fexofenadine may offer cost savings over other selected H(1)-antihistamines owing to its recent availability in generic form in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Smith
- University of Florida, Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Departments of Pharmacotherapy & Translational Research and Community Health & Family Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0486, USA.
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17
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Stanton ML, Joy MS, Frye RF. Validation and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for quantification of the drug transport probe fexofenadine in human plasma using 96-well filter plates. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:497-501. [PMID: 20045385 PMCID: PMC2818817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method to determine fexofenadine concentrations in human plasma using protein precipitation in 96-well plates and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was validated. Plasma proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile containing the internal standard fexofenadine-d6, mixed briefly, and then filtered into a collection plate. The resulting filtrate was diluted and injected onto a Phenomenex Gemini C18 (50 mm x 2.0 mm, 5 microm) analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid, 5 mM ammonium acetate in deionized water and methanol (35:65, v/v). The flow rate was 0.2 ml/min and the total run time was 2 min. Detection of the analytes was achieved using positive ion electrospray ionization and high resolution multiple reaction monitoring mode (H-SRM). The linear standard curve ranged from 1 to 500 ng/ml and the precision and accuracy (intra- and inter-run) were within 4.3% and 8.0%, respectively. The method has been applied successfully to determine fexofenadine concentrations in human plasma samples obtained from subjects administered a single oral dose of fexofenadine. The method is rapid, sensitive, selective and directly applicable to human pharmacokinetic studies involving fexofenadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melonie L. Stanton
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Melanie S. Joy
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, UNC Kidney Center, and Department of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Reginald F. Frye
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
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Guo D, Zou J, Zhu Y, Lou S, Fan H, Qin Q. Measurement of fexofenadine concentration in micro-sample human plasma by a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS employing protein precipitation: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:335-41. [PMID: 19629959 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive ion electro-spray tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for the quantification of fexofenadine with 100 microL human plasma employing glipizide as internal standard (IS). Protein precipitation was used in the sample preparation procedure. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C(18 )column (5 microm, 100 x 2.1 mm) with methanol : buffer (containing 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid; 70 : 30, v/v) as mobile phase. The total chromatographic runtime was approximately 3.0 min with retention time for fexofenadine and IS at approximately 1.9 and 2.1 min, respectively. Detection of fexofenadine and IS was achieved by LC-MS/MS in positive ion mode using 502.1 --> 466.2 and 446.0 --> 321.1 transitions, respectively. The method was proved to be accurate and precise at linearity range of 1-600 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of > or =0.9976. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers following oral administration of 60 or 120 mg fexofenadine formulations, successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
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Mikus P, Valásková I, Havránek E. Determination of Fexofenadine in Tablets by Capillary Electrophoresis in Free Solution and in Solution with Cyclodextrins as Analyte Carriers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 31:795-801. [PMID: 16221614 DOI: 10.1080/03639040500217368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods for the determination of fexofenadine (FEX) in commercial pharmaceuticals were developed. It was demonstrated that FEX could be effectively analyzed in free solution cationic CE at low pH. Another analytical approach studied was based on cyclodextrin (CD) modified CE where highly charged CD derivatives served as analyte carriers. In this way, the separation range was spread to physiological pH region and a CE analysis of FEX, present actually in its zwitterionic form, could be accomplished. Several parameters affecting the separations were studied, including the type and concentration of carrier ion, counterion, analyte carrier, and pH of the buffer. The methods based on the free solution CE and CD-modified CE were compared each other, validated, and applied for the determination of FEX in tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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20
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Bharathi VD, Radharani K, Jagadeesh B, Ramulu G, Bhushan I, Naidu A, Mullangi R. LC–MS–MS Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of Fexofenadine and Pseudoephedrine in Human Plasma. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Breier AR, Nudelman NS, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Isolation and structure elucidation of photodegradation products of fexofenadine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:250-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Development and validation of a rapid RP-HPLC method for the determination of cetirizine or fexofenadine with pseudoephedrine in binary pharmaceutical dosage forms. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:295-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Maggio RM, Castellano PM, Vignaduzzo SE, Kaufman TS. Alternative and improved method for the simultaneous determination of fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine in their combined tablet formulation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:804-10. [PMID: 17766076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Revised: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An alternative method for the determination of fexofenadine (FEX) and pseudoephedrine (PSE) in their combined tablet formulation has been developed, employing the partial least squares (PLS) analysis of spectral data of the analytes in their pharmaceutical association. A full-factorially designed set of 16 synthetic samples was employed for calibration purposes. The calibration models were constructed with wavelengths selection, in the ultraviolet region, according to their predictive ability. These were validated internally by the leave-one-out procedure and externally, employing appropriate sets of validation samples. The described method was linear for both analytes, over the range 160.6-301.2 mg L(-1) for FEX (R(2)=0.9993) and between 325.6 and 610.5 mg L(-1) for PSE (R(2)=0.9992). It was accurate, exhibiting 99.8% and 99.9% drug recoveries for FEX and PSE, respectively (N=9), while in the intermediate precision experiment relative standard deviations were 1.4% for FEX and 1.2% for PSE. The contents of both analytes were assayed in commercial tablets employing this method and the results were compared with those furnished by HPLC, being in good statistical agreement. The method represents an improvement over the first derivative of spectral ratio (DSR) technique and allows high sample throughput with minimum reagent consumption and waste generation. The obtained results confirm that the method is highly suitable for its intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén M Maggio
- Area Análisis de Medicamentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina
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Chen C. Some pharmacokinetic aspects of the lipophilic terfenadine and zwitterionic fexofenadine in humans. Drugs R D 2007; 8:301-14. [PMID: 17767395 DOI: 10.2165/00126839-200708050-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fexofenadine, an active metabolite of the second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist (antihistamine) terfenadine, does not have the disadvantage of QT prolongation. In addition, unlike first-generation antihistamines, it is associated with few CNS adverse effects. Chemically, fexofenadine has a zwitterionic structure that makes it an interesting molecule for use as an oral drug. Fexo-fenadine has negligible hepatic metabolism in humans, and is recovered mainly in the faeces in an unchanged form after oral administration. The absolute oral bioavailability of fexofenadine in humans is not known because of a lack of studies of intravenous administration of this agent. Its apparent elimination half-life (t1/2) ranges from 3 to 17 hours and is highly dependent on study design, i.e. the length of blood sampling. This large discrepancy might be associated with a 'flip-flop' phenomenon caused by slow absorption of the zwitterionic molecule. This review summarises the available literature related to the absorption, elimination and excretion of fexofenadine and terfenadine. Based on these data, the volume of distribution, t1/2 and oral bioavailability of fexofenadine in humans are estimated. Understanding these pharmacokinetic aspects of this drug might be very useful for medicinal chemists utilising fexofenadine/terfenadine as an example for designing zwitterionic compounds to combat cardiotoxicity and other issues related to basic and lipophilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, California 92130, USA.
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25
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Breier AR, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Validation of UV Spectrophotometric Method for Fexofenadine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Comparison with HPLC. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701576023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Saleh HM, El-Henawee MM, Ragab GH, El-Hay SSA. Utility of NBD-Cl for the spectrophotometric determination of some skeletal muscle relaxant and antihistaminic drugs. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 67:1284-9. [PMID: 17223379 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2006.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 09/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple, accurate, precise and sensitive colorimetric method for the determination of some skeletal muscle relaxant drugs, namely orphenadrine citrate (I), baclofen (II), antihistaminic drugs as acrivastine (III) and fexofenadine hydrochloride (IV) is described. This method is based on the formation of charge transfer complex with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) in non-aqueous medium. The orange color products were measured at 472, 465, 475 and 469 nm for drugs I, II, III and IV, respectively. The optimization of various experimental conditions was described. Beer's Law was obeyed in the range (2.5-17.5), (5-70), (2.5-25) and (10-50)microg/ml for drugs I, II, III and IV, respectively. The molar absorptivity (epsilon), sandell sensitivity, detection((LOD)) and quantitation limits((LOQ)) are calculated. The procedure was favorably applied for determination of certain pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the studied drugs. The obtained results were compared with the official and reported methods. There were no significant differences between proposed, reported and the official methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M Saleh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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27
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İşleyen EAÖ, Özden T, Özilhan S, Toptan S. Quantitative Determination of Fexofenadine in Human Plasma by HPLC-MS. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Golcu A, Dogan B, Ozkan SA. Anodic Voltammetric Behavior and Determination of Antihistaminic Agent: Fexofenadine HCl. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710500230871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegul Golcu
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Campuse of Avsar, Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Burcu Dogan
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
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29
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Maurya S, Komarneni P. Quantification of fexofenadine in human plasma by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry using mosapride as internal standard. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:209-16. [PMID: 17221908 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A rapid high-performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of fexofenadine in human plasma using mosapride as internal standard. Following solid-phase extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reverse-phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 502/466 for fexofenadine and m/z 422/198 for the IS. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 1-500 ng/mL for fexofenadine in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 5% for fexofenadine. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The total chromatographic run time of 2 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd, Serene Chambers, Road # 7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India.
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30
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Breier AR, Steppe M, Schapoval EES. Photodegradation Kinetics of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Using a LC Method. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Nirogi RVS, Kandikere VN, Shukla M, Mudigonda K, Maurya S, Komarneni P. Simultaneous quantification of fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization: method development, validation and application to a clinical study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:3030-8. [PMID: 16969767 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To support the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of a once-daily fexofenadine/pseudoephedrine combination, a high-performance liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine was developed and validated with 500 microL human plasma using mosapride as an internal standard (IS). Following solid-phase extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed-phase column and analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, m/z 502/466 for fexofenadine, m/z 166/148 for pseuoephedrine and m/z 422/198 for the IS. The method exhibited linear dynamic ranges of 1-500 ng/mL and 2-1000 ng/mL for fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively, in human plasma. The lower limits of quantification were 1 and 2 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 10% for fexofenadine and pseudoephedrine, respectively. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. The total chromatographic run time was 2 min and more than 400 human plasma samples could be analyzed in one day by running the system overnight. The method is precise and sensitive enough for its intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna V S Nirogi
- Biopharmaceutical Research, Suven Life Sciences Ltd., Serene Chambers, Road #7, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500 034, India.
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32
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Mikus P, Valásková I, Havránek E. Enantioselective analysis of cetirizine in pharmaceuticals by cyclodextrin-mediated capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:1278-84. [PMID: 16138679 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present paper demonstrates the potential of cyclodextrin (CD)-mediated CE for the chiral analysis of a drug of zwitterionic nature, viz. cetirizine (CET). Various separation mechanisms were applied and several parameters affecting the separation were studied, including the type and concentration of chiral selector, coselector, and carrier ion, and pH of buffer. The optimal separation conditions were based on a medium buffer pH (approximately 5.2) (migration velocity of CET molecule was near to zero) and a highly substituted CD derivative, sulfated-beta-CD, serving as an analyte carrier in the anionic regime of the separation with suppressed electroosmotic flow. In this way, a baseline enantioseparation, reasonable separation efficiency, and short analysis time could be easily achieved. Acceptable validation criteria for sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness were obtained using a hydrodynamically closed CE separation system. The proposed method was successfully applied to the enantioselective assay of CET in pharmaceutical formulations using fexofenadine (FEX) as an internal standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mikus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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33
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Shimizu M, Fuse K, Okudaira K, Nishigaki R, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. CONTRIBUTION OF OATP (ORGANIC ANION-TRANSPORTING POLYPEPTIDE) FAMILY TRANSPORTERS TO THE HEPATIC UPTAKE OF FEXOFENADINE IN HUMANS. Drug Metab Dispos 2005; 33:1477-81. [PMID: 16014768 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.105.004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fexofenadine hydrochloride (FEX), a second generation H(1)-receptor antagonist, is mainly eliminated from the liver into bile in unchanged form. Recent studies have shown that FEX can be accepted by human MDR1 (P-glycoprotein), OATP1A2 [organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)-A, and OATP2B1 (OATP-B)] expression systems. However, other transporters responsible for the hepatic uptake of FEX have not yet been identified. In the present study, we evaluated the contribution of OATP family transporters, namely OATP1B1 (OATP2/OATP-C), OATP1B3 (OATP8), and OATP2B1 (OATP-B), to FEX uptake using transporter-expressing HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. The uptake of FEX in OATP1B3-expressing cells was significantly greater than that in vector-transfected cells. On the other hand, OATP1B1- or OATP2B1-mediated uptake of FEX was not statistically significant. OATP1B3-mediated transport could be explained by a one-saturable component with a Michaelis constant (K(m)) of 108 +/- 11 microM. The inhibitory effect of FEX on the uptake of estrone-3-sulfate (E(1)S), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), and 17beta-estradiol-17beta-d-glucuronide (E(2)17betaG) was also examined. Both OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-mediated E(2)17betaG uptake was inhibited by FEX. The K(i) values were 148 +/- 61 and 205 +/- 72 microM for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, respectively. FEX also inhibited OATP1B3-mediated CCK-8 uptake and OATP1B1-mediated E(1)S uptake with a K(i) value of 83.3 +/- 15.3 and 257 +/- 84 microM, respectively, suggesting that FEX could not be used as a specific inhibitor for OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, although FEX was preferentially accepted by OATP1B3. In conclusion, this is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that OATP1B3 is thought to be a major transporter involved in hepatic uptake of FEX in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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34
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Fu I, Woolf EJ, Matuszewski BK. Determination of fexofenadine in human plasma using 96-well solid phase extraction and HPLC with tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 35:837-46. [PMID: 15193728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Accepted: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method, utilizing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, for the determination of fexofenadine in human plasma is described. A deuterated analog, d6-fexofenadine is used as the internal standard (IS). Plasma samples are prepared using 96-well solid phase extraction with plates containing Waters Oasis HLB sorbent. The analytes are chromatographed on a Restek Ultra IBD column (3.2 mm x 50 mm, 3 microm) using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 90% acetonitrile and 10% 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer and 0.1% formic acid. Quantitation of the analyte is based on the response from the multiple reaction monitoring of the precursor to product ion pairs for fexofenadine (m/z 502 --> 466) and d6-fexofenadine (m/z 508 --> 472). The assay has been validated over the concentration range of 1-200 ng/ml based on the analysis of 0.5 ml aliquots of plasma. Within-day assay accuracy was between 97 and 102% of nominal, while within-day precision was better than 3.5% CV at all points on the standard curve. Analyte extraction recovery was better than 70% over the range of the standard curve. The method was found to be suitable for the analysis of human plasma samples obtained 24 h following the administration of a single 60 mg dose of fexofenadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fu
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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35
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Uno T, Yasui-Furukori N, Takahata T, Sugawara K, Tateishi T. Liquid chromatographic determination of fexofenadine in human plasma with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:937-42. [PMID: 15193739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 02/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method was developed for determination of fexofenadine by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Fexofenadine in human plasma was extracted on a C18 bonded-phase extraction cartridge. The mobile phases were: (A) 0.05 M KH2PO4 buffer/acetonitrile/methanol (60:35:10, v/v/v) and (B) 0.05 M KH2PO4 buffer/acetonitrile (40:60, v/v). Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ODS-80A column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 5 microm) using a linear gradient from A to B in 10 min. The peak was detected using a fluorescence detector set at Ex 220 nm and Em 290 nm, and the total time for a chromatographic separation was approximately 17 min. The validated quantitation ranges of this method were 1.0-500 ng/ml with coefficients of variation of 0.6-9.1%. Mean recoveries were 72.8-76.7% with coefficients of variation of 2.7-5.8%. This method is successfully applicable for therapeutic drug monitoring in patients treated with clinical doses of fexofenadine and for analyses within pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Uno
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
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Abbas MN, Abdel Fattah AA, Zahran E. A Novel Membrane Sensor for Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist "Fexofenadine". ANAL SCI 2004; 20:1137-42. [PMID: 15352500 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The construction and general performance of thirteen new polymeric membrane sensors for the determination of fexofenadine hydrochloride based on its ion exchange with reineckate, tetraphenylborate and tetraiodomercurate have been studied. The effects of membrane composition, type of plasticizer, pH value of sample solution and concentration of the analyte in the sensor internal solution have been thoroughly investigated. The novel sensor based on reineckate exchanger shows a stable, potentiometric response for fexofenadine in the concentration range of 1 x 10(-2) - 2.5 x 10(-6) M at 25 degrees C that is independent of pH in the range of 2.0 - 4.5. The sensor possesses a Nernstian cationic slope of 62.3+/-0.7 mV/concentration decade and a lower detection limit of 1.3 x 10(-6) M with a fast response time of 20 - 40 s. Selectivity coefficients for a number of interfering ions and excipients relative to fexofenadine were investigated. There is negligible interference from almost all studied cations, anions, and pharmaceutical excipients, however, citrizine that has a structure homologous to that of fexofenadine was found to interfere. The determination of fexofenadine in aqueous solution shows an average recovery of 99.83% with a mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.5%. Direct potentiometric determination of fexofenadine in tablets gave results that compare favorably with those obtained by standard spectrophotometric methods. Potentiometric titration of fexofenadine with phosphomolybdic acid as a titrant has been monitored with the proposed sensor as an end point indicator electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Abbas
- Microanal Lab, Appl Org Chem Dept, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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37
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:652-661. [PMID: 12112749 DOI: 10.1002/jms.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Drescher S, Schaeffeler E, Hitzl M, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Brinkmann U, Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF. MDR1 gene polymorphisms and disposition of the P-glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 53:526-34. [PMID: 11994059 PMCID: PMC1874364 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01591.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The C3435T polymorphism in the human MDR1 gene is associated with lower intestinal P-glycoprotein expression, reduced protein function in peripheral blood cells and higher plasma concentrations of the P-glycoprotein substrate digoxin. Using fexofenadine, a known P-glycoprotein substrate, the hypothesis was tested whether this polymorphism also affects the disposition of other drugs in humans. METHODS Ten Caucasian subjects homozygous for the wild-type allele at position 3435 (CC) and 10 individuals homozygous for T at position 3435 participated in this study. A single oral dose of 180 mg fexofenadine HCl was administered. Plasma and urine concentrations of fexofenadine were measured up to 72 h using a sensitive LC/MS method. In addition, P-glycoprotein function was assessed using efflux of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 from CD56+ cells. Results Fexofenadine plasma concentrations varied considerably among the study population. However, fexofenadine disposition was not significantly different between the CC and TT groups (e.g. AUC(0,infinity) CC vs TT: 3567.1+/-1535.5 vs 3910.1+/-1894.8 ng ml-1 h, NS; 95% CI on the difference -1364.9, 2050.9). In contrast, P-glycoprotein function was significantly decreased in CD56+ cells of the TT compared with the CC group (rhodamine fluorescence CC vs TT: 45.6+/-7.2% vs 61.1+/-12.3%, P<0.05; 95% CI on the difference 5.6, 25.5). Conclusions In spite of MDR1 genotype-dependent differences in P-glycoprotein function in peripheral blood cells, there was no association of the C3435T polymorphism with the disposition of the P-glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine in this German Caucasian study population. These data indicate that other mechanisms including uptake transporter function are likely to play a role in fexofenadine disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Drescher
- Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstrasse 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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