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Candelaria L, Frolova LV, Kowalski BM, Artyushkova K, Serov A, Kalugin NG. Surface-modified three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation of chiral drugs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14747. [PMID: 30282990 PMCID: PMC6170404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based stationary phases for chromatographic separation have been commercially available since the 1980s. Porous graphitic carbon liquid chromatography columns are known to be highly resistant to aggressive mobile phases and extreme pH values of solvents and eluents, an important advantage compared to conventional silica-based alternatives. In our work, we demonstrate a new variant of carbon-based stationary phases for liquid chromatography, specifically developed for chiral separation. Mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D GNS), functionalized with tetracyanoethylene oxide (TCNEO) and (S)-(+)-2-pyrrolidinemethanol, demonstrate pharmaceutical-grade chiral separation of model ibuprofen and thalidomide racemic mixtures when used as Chiral Stationary Phases (CSPs), with performance parameters comparable to currently commercially available CSPs. Simple covalent attachment of functionalization groups to the surface of mesoporous three-dimensional graphene nanosheets makes these carbon-based CSPs chemically stable and up to an order of magnitude less expensive than standard silica-based analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Candelaria
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Brian M Kowalski
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Kateryna Artyushkova
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Alexey Serov
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Pajarito Powder, LLC, 3600 Osuna Rd NE, Suite 309, Albuquerque, NM, 87109, USA.
| | - Nikolai G Kalugin
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA.
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West C, Elfakir C, Lafosse M. Porous graphitic carbon: A versatile stationary phase for liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3201-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hasdenteufel F. Twenty Years of Separation of Cis‐Trans (Z)‐(E) Isomers. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110600822774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
The objective of this review with 122 references is to provide structure and retention mechanisms of porous graphitic carbon by chromatographic analysis and computational chemical analysis of retention mechanisms. Synthesis methods of porous graphitic carbon are described. Applications for use as matrix for dynamic coating on porous graphitic carbon and direct separation of polar compounds on porous graphitic carbon demonstrated that the physical and chemical stability of graphitic carbons performed in both chromatography and extraction, especially for polar compounds, those are difficult on both silica-based and organic polymer-based packing materials. The disadvantage is difficult desorption of non-polar compounds adsorbed on the surface. The development of 3.5-microm particles improves the separation power of graphitic carbon columns with the high theoretical plate number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Hanai
- Health Research Foundation, Institute Pasteur 5F, Tanaka-Monzencho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan.
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