1
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Kanao E, Wada S, Nishida H, Kubo T, Tanigawa T, Imami K, Shimoda A, Umezaki K, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Adachi J, Otsuka K, Ishihama Y. Classification of Extracellular Vesicles Based on Surface Glycan Structures by Spongy-like Separation Media. Anal Chem 2022; 94:18025-18033. [PMID: 36511577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles that enclose various biomolecules. EVs hold promise as sensitive biomarkers to detect and monitor various diseases. However, they have heterogeneous molecular compositions. The compositions of EVs from identical donor cells obtained using the same purification methods may differ, which is a significant obstacle for elucidating objective biological functions. Herein, the potential of a novel lectin-based affinity chromatography (LAC) method to classify EVs based on their glycan structures is demonstrated. The proposed method utilizes a spongy-like monolithic polymer (spongy monolith, SPM), which consists of poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) with continuous micropores and allows an efficient in situ protein reaction with epoxy groups. Two distinct lectins with different specificities, Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin and concanavalin A, are effectively immobilized on SPM without impacting the binding activity. Moreover, high recovery rates of liposomal nanoparticles as a model of EVs are achieved due to the large flow-through pores (>10 μm) of SPM compared to a typical agarose gel. Finally, lectin-immobilized SPMs are employed to classify EVs based on the surface glycan structures and demonstrate different subpopulations by proteome profiling. This is the first approach to clarify the variation of protein contents in EVs by the difference of surface glycans via lectin immobilized media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Kanao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Wada
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishida
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Takuya Kubo
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Koshi Imami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Umezaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
| | - Koji Otsuka
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8501, Japan.,National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka567-0085, Japan
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Jose J, Kanniyappan H, Muthuvijayan V. A novel, rapid and cost-effective method for separating drug-loaded liposomes prepared from egg yolk phospholipids. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Bian J, Girotti J, Fan Y, Levy ES, Zang N, Sethuraman V, Kou P, Zhang K, Gruenhagen J, Lin J. Fast and versatile analysis of liposome encapsulation efficiency by nanoParticle exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462688. [PMID: 34915190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are an attractive drug delivery platform for a wide variety of pharmaceutical molecules. Encapsulation efficiency, which refers to the amount of drug contained inside liposomes compared with the total amount of drug, is a critical quality attribute of liposome products, as the free drug in a liposomal formulation may cause toxicity or undesired biodistribution. The determination of encapsulation efficiency requires the measurement of at least two of the three drug populations: total drug, encapsulated drug and free drug. However, direct measurement of the encapsulated drug and free drug remains a challenging analytical task. Nanoparticle exclusion chromatography (nPEC), an emerging high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, has shown great potential in separating and quantifying the free drug in liposomal formulations. In this study, nPEC was systematically evaluated for two representative liposomal formulations containing either hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecule drugs. It is reported for the first time that the insoluble free drug suspended in the aqueous formulation can be directly measured by nPEC. This free drug in the suspension sample was quantified with excellent accuracy and precision. On the other hand, the total drug measurement from dissociated liposomes was confirmed by the benchmark methodology of reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). The facile quantitation of free and total drug in the liposome formulation enables the fast and accurate determination of the encapsulation efficiency, which can be used to guide the formulation development and characterize the product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bian
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James Girotti
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yuchen Fan
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Levy
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vijay Sethuraman
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ponien Kou
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kelly Zhang
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason Gruenhagen
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- Genentech Research and Early Development, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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4
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Singh SM, Furman R, Singh RK, Balakrishnan G, Chennamsetty N, Tao L, Li Z. Size exclusion chromatography for the characterization and quality control of biologics. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1979582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ran Furman
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rajesh K. Singh
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Li Tao
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhengjian Li
- Analytical Development and Attribute Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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5
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Sorting sub-150-nm liposomes of distinct sizes by DNA-brick-assisted centrifugation. Nat Chem 2021; 13:335-342. [PMID: 33785892 PMCID: PMC8049973 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In cells, myriad membrane-interacting proteins generate and maintain curved membrane domains with radii of curvature around or below 50 nm. To understand how such highly curved membranes modulate specific protein functions, and vice versa, it is imperative to use small liposomes with precisely defined attributes as model membranes. Here, we report a versatile and scalable sorting technique that uses cholesterol-modified DNA 'nanobricks' to differentiate hetero-sized liposomes by their buoyant densities. This method separates milligrams of liposomes, regardless of their origins and chemical compositions, into six to eight homogeneous populations with mean diameters of 30-130 nm. We show that these uniform, leak-resistant liposomes serve as ideal substrates to study, with an unprecedented resolution, how membrane curvature influences peripheral (ATG3) and integral (SNARE) membrane protein activities. Compared with conventional methods, our sorting technique represents a streamlined process to achieve superior liposome size uniformity, which benefits research in membrane biology and the development of liposomal drug-delivery systems.
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6
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Kapoor B, Gupta R, Gulati M, Singh SK, Khursheed R, Gupta M. The Why, Where, Who, How, and What of the vesicular delivery systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 271:101985. [PMID: 31351415 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Though vesicular delivery systems have been widely explored and reviewed, no comprehensive review exists that covers their development from the inception of the concept to its culmination in the form of regulated marketed formulations. With the advancement of scientific research in the field of nanomedicine, certain category of vesicular delivery systems have successfully reached the global market. Despite extensive research and highly encouraging results in a plethora of pathological conditions in the preclinical studies, translation of these nanomedicines from laboratory to market has been very limited. Aim of this review is to describe comprehensively the various colloidal delivery systems, focusing mainly on their conventional and advanced methods of preparation, different characterization techniques and main success stories of their journey from bench to bedside of the patient. The review also touches the finer nuances of the use of modern formulation approach of DoE (Design of Experiments) in their formulation and the status of regulatory guidelines for the approval of these nanomedicines.
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8
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The effect of thermosensitive liposomal formulations on loading and release of high molecular weight biomolecules. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:279-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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High performance liquid chromatography analysis of 100-nm liposomal nanoparticles using polymer-coated, silica monolithic columns with aqueous mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1484:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Khaleque MDA, Okumura Y, Mitani M. Liposome Immobilization on Cross-linked Polymer Gel by In Situ Formation of Cleavable Covalent Bonds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911506070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of liposomes onto chemically modified Sephacryl gel particles by in situreaction between liposome-incorporated thiols and mercapto moieties on the gel to form disulfide linkages was investigated. For the immobilization, both the mercapto moieties and the incorporated thiol were essential. The immobilization occurred upon coincubation of the modified liposomes with the modified gel for 48 hours. Once immobilized, no spontaneous detachment of the immobilized liposomes was observed. The degree of immobilization depended on both the thiol content and the ratio of the liposomes to the gel partilces. In a typical immobilization with 25mol% 1-octanethiol, 82% of the liposomal phosphatidylcholine in the system was found to be associated with the gel. By decreasing the ratio of the liposomes to gel it was possible to bring the immobilization close to quantitative one. Among the three different thiols examined (1-octanethiol, 1-hexadecanethiol and thiocholesterol), the extent of the immobilization was slightly higher with thiocholesterol than the alkanethiols. The immobilized liposomes were detached from the gel with dithiothreitol. Approximately 60% of the fluorescent dextran derivative encapsulated in the liposomes was retained throughout the immobilization-detachment process. The gel left after the detachment remained active for immobilizing a fresh batch of thiol-liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD. Abdul Khaleque
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Y. Okumura
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - M. Mitani
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Pattni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir V Chupin
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Characterization of insulin-loaded liposome using column-switching HPLC. Int J Pharm 2015; 479:302-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Novel methods for liposome preparation. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 177:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Influence of the insertion of a cationic peptide on the size and shape of nanoliposomes: A light scattering investigation. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:621-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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15
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Rapid determination of the encapsulation efficiency of a liposome formulation using column-switching HPLC. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Pei Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Arrington L, Zhang Y, Glass A, Leone AM. Assessing the heterogeneity level in lipid nanoparticles for siRNA delivery: size-based separation, compositional heterogeneity, and impact on bioperformance. Mol Pharm 2012; 10:397-405. [PMID: 23210488 DOI: 10.1021/mp3005337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A primary consideration when developing lipid nanoparticle (LNP) based small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics is formulation polydispersity or heterogeneity. The level of heterogeneity of physicochemical properties within a pharmaceutical batch could greatly affect the bioperformance, quality, and ability of a manufacturer to consistently control and reproduce the formulations. This article studied the heterogeneity in the size, composition, and in vitro performance of siRNA containing LNPs, by conducting preparative scale fractionation using a sephacryl S-1000 based size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) method. Eight LNPs with size in the range of 60-190 nm were first evaluated by the SEC method for size polydispersity characterization, and it was found that LNPs in the range of 60-150 nm could be well-resolved. Two LNPs (LNP A and LNP B) with similar bulk properties were fractionated, and fractions were studied in-depth for potential presence of polydispersity in size, composition, and in vitro silencing, as well as cytotoxicity. LNP A was deemed to be monodisperse following results of a semipreparative SEC fractionation that showed similar size, chemical composition, in vitro silencing activity, and cytotoxicity across the fractions. Therefore, LNP A represents a relatively homogeneous formulation and offers less of a challenge in its pharmaceutical development. In contrast, LNP B fractions were shown to be significantly more polydisperse in size distribution. Interestingly, LNP B SEC fractions also exhibited profound compositional variations (e.g., 5 fold difference in N/P ratio and 3 fold difference in lipid composition) along with up to 40 fold differences in the in vitro silencing activity. The impact of LNP size and formulation composition on in vitro performance is also discussed. The present results demonstrate the complexity and potential for presence of heterogeneity in LNP-based siRNA drug products. This underscores the need for tools that yield a detailed characterization of LNP formulations. This capability in tandem with the pursuit of improved formulation and process design can lead to more facile development of LNP-based siRNA pharmaceuticals of higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States.
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Zhang J, Haas RM, Leone AM. Polydispersity Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery Using Multiple Detection Size-Exclusion Chromatography. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6088-96. [PMID: 22816783 DOI: 10.1021/ac3007768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - R. Matthew Haas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Anthony M. Leone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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18
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Luo X, Zhang L. Creation of regenerated cellulose microspheres with diameter ranging from micron to millimeter for chromatography applications. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5922-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Yang G, Cao W, Zhu T, Bai L, Zhao Y. The QRAR model study of β-lactam antibiotics by capillary coated with cell membrane. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 873:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Revised: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Taylor RM, Lord CI, Riesselman MH, Gripentrog JM, Leto TL, McPhail LC, Berdichevsky Y, Pick E, Jesaitis AJ. Characterization of Surface Structure and p47phox SH3 Domain-Mediated Conformational Changes for Human Neutrophil Flavocytochrome b. Biochemistry 2007; 46:14291-304. [DOI: 10.1021/bi701626p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Connie I. Lord
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Marcia H. Riesselman
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Jeannie M. Gripentrog
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Thomas L. Leto
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Linda C. McPhail
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Edgar Pick
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
| | - Algirdas J. Jesaitis
- Department of Microbiology, 109 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, Molecular Defenses Section, Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and Julius Friedrich Cohnheim-Minerva Center for Phagocyte Research and Ela Kodesz Institute of Host Defense against Infectious
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Okumura Y, Mizushima H, Fujinaga K, Sunamoto J. Immobilization of liposomes on hydrophobically modified polymer gel particles in batch mode interaction. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 55:235-40. [PMID: 17234392 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of liposomal phospholipids onto Sephacryl S-1000 gels that were chemically conjugated with hydrophobic alkyl moieties, octyl, dodecyl and hexadecyl, was examined in batch mode interaction. Compared with the octyl gel, the dodecyl and the hexadecyl gels were found to immobilize the three to four times more phospholipids with the less hydrophobic moieties. The encapsulation of a water-soluble marker, with other evidences, suggests that the majority of the immobilized phospholipids maintained liposomal morphology. As the lipid of the interacting liposomes, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (eggPC), 1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and a mixture of DMPC and 1,2-dimyristamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine were examined. At 22 degrees C, DMPC liposomes showed higher extent of immobilization than at 37 degrees C but not eggPC liposomes, suggesting that the phase of liposomal membrane could have influence on the immobilization. Exchange between the immobilized liposomes and free ones was found to be small, less than 3%. The gel that had been first interacted with liposomes to apparent saturation could further immobilize the newly added liposomes. The rate of this second immobilization was similar to that of the slow adsorption process; the both could be based on the same mechanism, possibly involving rearrangement of the immobilized liposomes on the gel as proposed by Lundahl. As had been observed in the flow mode, the immobilization had preference for smaller liposomes. In application of the system in batch mode, the size distributions of the immobilized liposomes and of those left in the supernatant may differ from that of the originally added liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Okumura
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan.
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22
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Ruysschaert T, Marque A, Duteyrat JL, Lesieur S, Winterhalter M, Fournier D. Liposome retention in size exclusion chromatography. BMC Biotechnol 2005; 5:11. [PMID: 15885140 PMCID: PMC1142305 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Size exclusion chromatography is the method of choice for separating free from liposome-encapsulated molecules. However, if the column is not presaturated with lipids this type of chromatography causes a significant loss of lipid material. To date, the mechanism of lipid retention is poorly understood. It has been speculated that lipid binds to the column material or the entire liposome is entrapped inside the void. RESULTS Here we show that intact liposomes and their contents are retained in the exclusion gel. Retention depends on the pore size, the smaller the pores, the higher the retention. Retained liposomes are not tightly fixed to the beads and are slowly released from the gels upon direct or inverted eluent flow, long washing steps or column repacking. Further addition of free liposomes leads to the elution of part of the gel-trapped liposomes, showing that the retention is transitory. Trapping reversibility should be related to a mechanism of partitioning of the liposomes between the stationary phase, water-swelled polymeric gel, and the mobile aqueous phase. CONCLUSION Retention of liposomes by size exclusion gels is a dynamic and reversible process, which should be accounted for to control lipid loss and sample contamination during chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Ruysschaert
- Groupe de biotechnologie des protéines, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Marque
- Groupe de biotechnologie des protéines, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Duteyrat
- Electron Microscopy Department, Rangueil Hospital Medical School, University of Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sylviane Lesieur
- Groupe Physico-chimie des systèmes polyphasés, Université Paris-sud, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | | | - Didier Fournier
- Groupe de biotechnologie des protéines, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, F-31077, Toulouse, France
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23
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Canós-Rius N, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Villanueva-Camañas RM, Medina-Hernández MJ. Estimation of the effect of the acidosis and alkalosis on the anesthetic potency of local anesthetics by biopartitioning micellar chromatography and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:215-23. [PMID: 15694657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthetics are hydrophobic compounds and weak bases with protonation constants ranged between 7.5 and 8.8. These drugs block reversibly nerve conduction near their site of application or injection and thus produce temporary loss of feeling or sensation in a limited area of the body. The efficacy of anesthetic blockade of local anesthetics depends on the charged/uncharged form ratio and the hydrophobicity of the compounds. In addition their toxicological effects have been reported to be highly dependent on the physiological pH. Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), that use micellar solutions as mobile phases, have proven to be useful for describing the biological behavior of different kind of compounds. In this paper, relationships between the retention data in BMC and MEKC using Brij35 as surfactant (at pH 7.4) and some pharmacodynamic parameters of local anesthetics are obtained. These models are compared with those obtained using an immobilized artificial column (IAM). Finally, the effect of the corporal pH in situations of acidosis and alkalosis on the pharmacological and toxicological properties of local anesthetics is studied using the retention of compounds in BMC at different mobile phase pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Canós-Rius
- Dpto. Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, C/ Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Xiong X, Zhang L, Wang Y. Polymer fractionation using chromatographic column packed with novel regenerated cellulose beads modified with silane. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1063:71-7. [PMID: 15700458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Novel microporous beads with the particle size of about 90 microm were prepared, for the first time, from cellulose and konjac glucomannan (RC/KGM3) in 1.5 M NaOH/0.65 M thiourea aqueous solution by emulsification method. The microporous beads were then modified with silane to avoid the adsorption of polymers containing hydroxyl groups, coded as RC/KGM3-Si. A preparative size-exclusion chromatographic (SEC) column (500 mm x 20 mm) was packed with RC/KGM3-Si, and its exclusion limit and fractionation range of the stationary phase were, respectively, weight-average molecular masses (Mw) of 4.8 x 10(5) g/mol and 5.3 x 10(3)-4.8 x 10(5) g/mol for polystyrene in tetrahydrofuran. The preparative SEC column was used to fractionate poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL, Mw = 8.31 x 10(4) g/mol polydispersity index d= 1.55) in tetrahydrofuran and a polysaccharide PC3-2 (Mw = 1.21 x 10(5) g/mol, d= 1.70) in 0.05 M NaOH aqueous solution, respectively. The Mw values of the fractions determined by analytical SEC combined with laser light scattering were from 1.2 x 10(4) to 1.84 x 10(5) for PCL and from 8.5 x 10(4) to 2.13 x 10(5) for PC3-2, as well as d from 1.2 to 1.5. The results indicated that the preparative SEC has good fractionation efficiency in both organic solvent and alkaline aqueous solution for the various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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25
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Ohno M, Ikehara T, Nara T, Kamo N, Miyauchi S. The elution profile of immobilized liposome chromatography: determination of association and dissociation rate constants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2004; 1665:167-76. [PMID: 15471582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2004] [Revised: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of lipophilic cations, tetraphenylphosphonium and triphenylphosphonium homologues with liposomes was investigated using immobilized liposome chromatography (ILC). Large unilamellar liposomes with a mean diameter of 100 nm were stably immobilized in chromatographic gel beads by avidin-biotin. The distribution coefficient calculated from (Ve-V0)/Vs (Ve, retention volume; V0, the void volume; Vs, the stationary phase volume) was found to be independent of flow rate, injection amount and gel bed volume, which is consistent with chromatograph theory. The relationship between the bandwidth and solvent flow rate did not follow band-broadening theories reported thus far. We hypothesized that the solvent might be forced to produce large eddies, spirals or turbulent flow due to the presence of liposomes fixed in the gel. Therefore, we developed a new theory for ILC elution: The column is composed of a number of thin disks containing liposomes and solution, and within each disk the solution is well mixed. This theory accounts for our results, and we were able to use it to estimate the rate constants of association and dissociation of the phosphonium to/from liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Ohno
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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26
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Khaleque MA, Okumura Y, Yabushita S, Mitani M. Detachable immobilization of liposomes on polymer gel particles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004; 37:35-42. [PMID: 15450306 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of liposomes on hydrophobized Sephacryl gel and controlled detachment of the liposomes from the gel were examined. The gel was chemically modified and bore octyl, hexadecyl or cholesteryl moiety via disulfide linkage as anchors to liposomal bilayer membrane. Upon interaction with the gel, egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes were successfully immobilized onto the gel. The gel with cholesteryl moiety showed 1.7 times higher liposome immobilization per anchor moiety than the gels with the alkyl moieties. The immobilization of liposomes on the gel was stable, and no significant spontaneous detachment of phospholipid or leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran encapsulated in the immobilized liposomes was observed in 24h. Reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkage by dithiothreitol resulted in detachment of the liposomes from the gel. The majority of the detached liposomes were found encapsulating the dextran derivative, and these liposomes should have kept their structural integrity throughout the immobilization and the detachment processes. The release of the liposomes was insignificant until the ratio of the dithiothreitol to the hydrophobic anchor reached a threshold. The presence of the threshold suggests that the immobilization of liposomes should require a certain minimum number of the hydrophobic moieties anchored in the liposomal membrane. By applying the present immobilization-detachment system, preparation of liposomes encapsulating the dextran derivative without using costly gel filtration or ultracentrifugation procedure was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Khaleque
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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27
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Grabielle-Madelmont C, Lesieur S, Ollivon M. Characterization of loaded liposomes by size exclusion chromatography. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2003; 56:189-217. [PMID: 12834977 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(03)00059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of conventional (SEC) and high performance (HPSEC) size exclusion chromatography for the analysis of liposomes. The suitability of both techniques is examined regarding the field of liposome applications. The potentiality of conventional SEC is strongly improved by using a HPLC system associated to gel columns with a size selectivity range allowing liposome characterization in addition to particle fractionation. Practical aspects of size exclusion chromatography are described and a methodology based on HPSEC coupled to multidetection modes for on-line analysis of liposomes via label or substance encapsulation is presented. Examples of conventional SEC and HPSEC applications are described which concern polydispersity, size and encapsulation stability, bilayer permeabilization, liposome formation and reconstitution, incorporation of amphiphilic molecules. Size exclusion chromatography is a simple and powerful technique for investigation of encapsulation, insertion/interaction of substances from small solutes (ions, surfactants, drugs, etc.) up to large molecules (proteins, peptides and nucleic acids) in liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Grabielle-Madelmont
- Equipe Physico-chimie des Systèmes Polyphasés, UMR CNRS 8612, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex 92296, France.
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28
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Gottschalk I, Gustavsson PE, Ersson B, Lundahl P. Improved lectin-mediated immobilization of human red blood cells in superporous agarose beads. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 784:203-8. [PMID: 12504199 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new type of agarose bead, superporous agarose, was used as a gel support for immobilization of human red blood cells (RBCs) mediated by wheat germ lectin. The number of immobilized cells was similar to that obtained with commercial wheat germ lectin-agarose but the cell stability appeared to be superior. This allowed improved frontal affinity chromatographic analyses of cytochalasin B (CB)-binding to the glucose transporter GLUT1 which established a ratio of one CB-binding site per GLUT1 dimer for both plain RBCs or those treated with different poly amino acids. The measured dissociation constants, 70+/-14 nM for CB and 12+/-3 mM for glucose binding to GLUT1, are similar to those reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Gottschalk
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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29
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Gottschalk I, Lagerquist C, Zuo SS, Lundqvist A, Lundahl P. Immobilized-biomembrane affinity chromatography for binding studies of membrane proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 768:31-40. [PMID: 11939556 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of specific interactions between solutes and a membrane protein can serve to characterize the protein. Frontal affinity chromatography of an interactant on a column containing the membrane protein immobilized in a lipid environment is a simple and robust approach for series of experiments with particular protein molecules. Regression analysis of the retention volumes at a series of interactant concentrations shows the affinity of the protein for the interactant and the amount of active binding sites. The higher the affinity, the fewer sites are required to give sufficient retention. Competition experiments provide the affinities of even weakly binding solutes and the non-specific retention of the primary interactant. Hummel and Dreyer size-exclusion chromatography allows complementary analyses of non-immobilized membrane materials. Analyses of the human facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 by use of the inhibitor cytochalasin B (radioactively labeled) and the competitive substrate D-glucose (non-labeled) showed that GLUT1 interconverted between two states, exhibiting one or two cytochalasin B-binding sites per two GLUTI monomers, dependent on the membrane composition and environment. Similar analyses of a nucleoside transporter, a photosynthetic reaction center, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and a P-glycoprotein, alternative techniques, and immobilized-liposome chromatographic approaches are presented briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Gottschalk
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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30
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Applications of immobilized stationary-phase liquid chromatography: a potential in vitro technique. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY TODAY 2000; 3:406-416. [PMID: 11116200 DOI: 10.1016/s1461-5347(00)00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immobilized artificial-membrane chromatography is a potential in vitro technique for determining lipophilicity and studying drug transport and membrane interactions. It is reproducible, efficient and simple. Several other and newer applications of immobilized stationary-phase liquid chromatography have been reported, including the purification of membrane proteins, the synthesis of biomolecules and the simultaneous determination of enzyme activity and enantioselectivity. This article describes the immobilized artificial-membrane concept and provides an overview of the applications, advantages and limitations, in general, of immobilized stationary-phase chromatography.
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31
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Gottschalk I, Lundqvist A, Zeng CM, Hägglund CL, Zuo SS, Brekkan E, Eaker D, Lundahl P. Conversion between two cytochalasin B-binding states of the human GLUT1 glucose transporter. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:6875-82. [PMID: 11082199 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two cytochalasin B-binding states of the human red blood cell facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 were studied, one exhibiting one cytochalasin B-binding site on every second GLUT1 monomer (state 1) and the other showing one site per monomer (state 2). Quantitative affinity chromatography of cytochalasin B was performed on (a) biotinylated red blood cells, (b) cytoskeleton-depleted red blood cell membrane vesicles, and (c) GLUT1 proteoliposomes. The cells were adsorbed on streptavidin-derivatized gel beads, and the vesicles and proteoliposomes entrapped in dextran-grafted agarose gel beads. Cytochalasin B binding to free vesicles and proteoliposomes was analyzed by Hummel and Dreyer size-exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Analysis of the biotinylated cells indicated an equilibrium between the two GLUT1 states. GLUT1 in free membrane vesicles attained state 2, but was converted into state 1 on entrapment of the vesicles. Purification of GLUT1 in the presence of non-ionic detergent followed by reconstitution produced GLUT1 in state 1. This state was maintained after entrapment of the proteoliposomes. Finally, GLUT1 showed slightly higher affinity for cytochalasin B in state 1 than in state 2. In summary, the cytochalasin B-binding state of GLUT1 seemed to be affected by (a) biotinylation of the cell surface, (b) removal of the cytoskeleton at high pH and low ionic strength, (c) interaction between the dextran-grafted agarose gel matrix and the membrane vesicles, and (d) reconstitution to form proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gottschalk
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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32
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Gottschalk I, Li YM, Lundahl P. Chromatography on cells: analyses of solute interactions with the glucose transporter Glut1 in human red cells adsorbed on lectin-gel beads. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2000; 739:55-62. [PMID: 10744313 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The affinities of the human red cell glucose transporter Glut1 for D-glucose and cytochalasin B (CB) and the stoichiometry of CB binding vary with the Glut1 environment. In order to study the native state of Glut1 we adsorbed human red cells to wheat germ lectin agarose gel beads for frontal affinity chromatographic analyses. Glut1 showed relatively high affinities for D-glucose (Kd 12+/-1 mM) and CB (Kd 59+/-17 nM). The number of CB-binding sites per Glut1 monomer, 0.46+/-0.16, was approximately doubled upon coating the cells with polylysine, which induced cell association.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gottschalk
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Sweden
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