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Sundaran S, Kok LC, Chang HY. Fabrication and in vitroevaluation of photo cross-linkable silk fibroin-epsilon-poly-L-lysine hydrogel for wound repair. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:055021. [PMID: 37567188 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acef86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
An optimal wound-healing hydrogel requires effective antibacterial properties and a favorable cell adhesion and proliferation environment. AlthoughBombyx morisilk fibroin (SF) possesses inherent wound-healing properties, it lacks these essential qualities. This study aimed to fabricate a novel photo-polymerizable hydrogel by utilizing SF's wound-healing efficiency and the epsilon-poly-L-lysine (EPL) antimicrobial activity. The SF was modified with three different concentrations of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) to obtain SF-GMA(L), SF-GMA(M), and SF-GMA(H). A methacrylated EPL (EPL-GMA) was also produced. Then, SF-GMA was mixed with EPL-GMA to produce photo-crosslinkable SF-GMA-EPL hydrogels. The SF-GMA(L)-EPL, SF-GMA(M)-EPL, and SF-GMA(H)-EPL hydrogels, fabricated with 20% EPL-GMA, demonstrated maximum antimicrobial activity and mammalian cell adhesion ability. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging efficiency of the hydrogels was tested and shown to be between 69% and 74%. These hydrogels also exhibited 60% efficiency in removing bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The water absorption ability of the hydrogels was consistent with the size of their internal pores. The hydrogels exhibited a slow degradation fashion, and their degradation products appeared cytocompatible. Finally, the elastomeric properties of the hydrogels were determined, and a storage modulus (G') of 300-600 Pa was demonstrated. In conclusion, the hydrogels created in this study possess excellent biological and physical properties to support wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaran
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ching Kok
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
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Rasuli L, Dehghani MH, Alimohammadi M, Yaghmaeian K, Rastkari N, Salari M. Mesoporous metal organic frameworks functionalized with the amino acids as advanced sorbents for the removal of bacterial endotoxins from water: Optimization, regression and kinetic models. J Mol Liq 2021; 339:116801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Thakur M, Dan A. Poly-l-lysine-Functionalized Green-Light-Emitting Carbon Dots as a Fluorescence Turn-on Sensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Endotoxin. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:3410-3422. [PMID: 35014425 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a facile, ultrasensitive, and selective fluorescence turn-on sensing strategy based on green-light-emitting functional nanodots for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin. In this protocol, first, the pure carbon dots (CDs) with a fairly high quantum yield were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of urea. Subsequently, the carboxyl-group-rich surfaces of the CDs were allowed to conjugate with the poly-l-lysine (PLL) using an EDC-NHS amidization method to obtain the PLL-modified CDs (PLL-CDs). The LPS could specifically bind to the PLL at the PLL-CD surfaces, and this binding enabled an electron transfer from the phosphate groups of LPS to the carbon core through the PLL bridge, thus resulting in a fluorescence enhancement. Interestingly, this fluorescent turn-on sensor provided a detection limit of 68.3 fM in PBS (pH 7.4), which is the lowest ever reported among all of the synthetic assays for LPS detection. Furthermore, our fluorescent probe was able to show a remarkable selectivity toward LPS over a range of commonly known interfering substances. Thus, this study demonstrated the feasibility of using specific LPS binding to PLL to drive molecular recognition in aqueous medium and offered an effective fluorescence turn-on sensing strategy to detect bacterial endotoxin in diverse clinical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Abhijit Dan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University - Chandigarh, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Takehara M, Saimura M, Inaba H, Kato Y, Muro S, Matsunaga T, Yamanaka K. Characterization of an L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid polymer with comb-like structure isolated from a poly(ε-L-lysine)-producing Streptomyces sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3145-3157. [PMID: 33846822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polymers of basic amino acids function as polycationic compounds under physiological conditions and exhibit intriguing biological properties, such as antimicrobial and antiviral activities, immunopotentiating ability, and DNA-binding activity. Poly(ε-L-lysine) (ε-PL) produced by some strains of Streptomyces spp. is a cationic homopolymer of L-lysine linking between ε-amino and α-carboxylic acid functional groups and has been used as a food preservative based on its biocompatibility and biodegradability. An ε-PL-producing strain of Streptomyces sp. USE-33 was found to secrete a novel polycationic substance into its culture broth along with ε-PL. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses and one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, accompanied by NMR titration studies, revealed that the secreted substance was poly[β-(L-diaminopropionyl-L-diaminopropionic acid)], PAP, characterized by an isopeptide backbone linking between the β-amino and α-carboxylic acid groups of L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (L-Dpr) with pendent L-Dpr residues. PAP had a molecular weight of 500 to 1400, and copolymers composed of the two amino acids L-Dpr and L-lysine were not detected in the producer strain USE-33. The strain coproduced high levels of the two poly(amino acid)s in the presence of glycerol, citrate, and ammonium sulfate at pH 4.0 in a two-stage cultivation procedure. PAP exhibited strong inhibitory activities against several yeasts and weaker activities against bacteria than ε-PL. PAP may share a number of biological functions with ε-PL, and the use of PAP along with ε-PL has potential as a specific and advanced material for technical applications in various fields.Key points• Novel cationic poly(amino acid) was found in an ε-PL-producing Streptomyces species.• The l-α,β-diaminopropionic acid polymer was characterized by a comb-like structure.• The novel poly(amino acid), PAP, exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Takehara
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Saimura
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Haruka Inaba
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Kato
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shogo Muro
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Matsunaga
- Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamanaka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
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Amini Tapouk F, Nabizadeh R, Nasseri S, Mesdaghinia A, Khorsandi H, Yousefi M, Alimohammadi M, Khoobi M. Embedding of L–Arginine into graphene oxide (GO) for endotoxin removal from water: Modeling and optimization approach. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020; 607:125491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kholina EG, Nesterenko AM, Galochkina TV, Gvozdev DA, Polyakova IV, Kovalenko IB, Strakhovskaya MG, Pisarev OA. Explicit measurement of the endotoxin adsorption efficiency detects non-Langmuir behavior at low concentrations. Anal Biochem 2019; 587:113445. [PMID: 31542342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the Gram-negative bacteria cell wall components capable to induce the system inflammatory response even at picomolar concentrations. LPS detection at these concentrations is necessary to develop new sorbents for the efficient purification of the biological fluids. LAL-test widely used for LPS concentration estimation is based on the LPS biological activity measurement and thus may depend on the LPS concentration in a non-linear way. Here we propose a new explicit method for the LPS concentration measurement based on fluorescently labeled LPS and direct photon counting and develop the new protocol for LPS adsorption efficiency measurement. Following the suggested protocol in the experiments on novel sorbents, we demonstrate that LPS adsorption at small biologically relevant concentrations is non-Langmuir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina G Kholina
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey M Nesterenko
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, MSU, Leninskie Gory 1/40, Moscow, 119991, Russia; M.V.Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Tatiana V Galochkina
- Université de Paris, UMR_S1134, BIGR, Inserm, Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine, DSIMB, 6 rue Alexandre Cabanel, 75739, Paris, France
| | - Danil A Gvozdev
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Irina V Polyakova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Bolshoi pr. 31, Saint-Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Ilya B Kovalenko
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy bld. 28, Moscow, 115682, Russia; Astrakhan State University, Tatischeva str. 20a, Astrakhan, 414056, Russia; Scientific and Technological Center of Unique Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str. 15, Moscow, 117342, Russia
| | - Marina G Strakhovskaya
- M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy bld. 28, Moscow, 115682, Russia
| | - Oleg A Pisarev
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Bolshoi pr. 31, Saint-Petersburg, 199004, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Amini Tapouk F, Nabizadeh R, Nasseri S, Mesdaghinia A, Khorsandi H, Mahvi AH, Gholibegloo E, Alimohammadi M, Khoobi M. Endotoxin removal from aqueous solutions with dimethylamine-functionalized graphene oxide: Modeling study and optimization of adsorption parameters. J Hazard Mater 2019; 368:163-177. [PMID: 30677648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel graphene oxide (GO)-based adsorbent embedded with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a coupling agent and dimethylamine (DMA) as a ligand (GO-ECH-DMA) were prepared and employed for endotoxin removal from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical properties of nanocomposite were fully characterized. The model attributed to batch adsorption process was optimized employing response surface methodology (RSM) via various parameters such as pH, GO-ECH-DMA dosage, and contact time and endotoxin concentration. The p-value with low probability (<0.00001), determination coefficient (R2=0.99) and the non-significant lack of fit (p > 0.05) showed a quadratic model with a good fit with experimental terms. The synergistic effects of the linear term of contact time and GO-ECH-DMA dosage on endotoxin removal were significant. The optimum condition for endotoxin removal was obtained at pH of 5.52, GO-ECH-DMA dosage of 21 mgL-1, contact time of 56 min and endotoxin concentration of 51.3 endotoxin units per milliliter (EUmL-1). The equilibrium was the better explained by Langmuir isotherm with the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 121.47 EUmg-1, while the kinetics of the endotoxin adsorption process was followed by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorbent could be recycled with NaOH. The possible mechanisms of endotoxin adsorption were proposed by hydrogen-bonding, π-π stacking, and electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Amini Tapouk
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Nasseri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mesdaghinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Khorsandi
- Department of Environmental Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Gholibegloo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medicinal Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Water Quality Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Biomaterials Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medicinal Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Maeda S, Oumae S, Kaneko S, Kunimoto KK. Formation of carbamates and cross-linking of microbial poly(ε-l-lysine) studied by 13C and 15N solid-state NMR. Polym Bull (Berl) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-011-0580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hamano Y. Occurrence, biosynthesis, biodegradation, and industrial and medical applications of a naturally occurring ε-poly-L-lysine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011; 75:1226-33. [PMID: 21737945 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) consists of 25-35 L-lysine residues with linkages between the α-carboxyl groups and the ε-amino groups. It exhibits antimicrobial activity against a spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. Because of its high levels of safety and biodegradability, it is used as a food preservative in several countries. We recently identified an ε-PL synthetase (Pls) as a membrane protein, and investigated the catalytic mechanism. Pls was found to be an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like peptide synthetase producing ε-PL with chain-length diversity. In addition, transcriptional analysis of pls and a kinetic study of Pls further suggested that the Pls catalytic function is regulated by intracellular ATP, high levels of which are required for full enzymatic activity. Furthermore, it was found that acidic pH conditions during ε-PL fermentation are necessary for the accumulation of intracellular ATP, rather than inhibition of the ε-PL-degrading enzyme.
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Guo J, Wei Y, Zhou D, Cai P, Jing X, Chen XS, Huang Y. Chemosynthesis of Poly(ε-lysine)-Analogous Polymers by Microwave-Assisted Click Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:737-46. [DOI: 10.1021/bm1013662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Str. 5625, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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Li J, Shang G, You M, Peng S, Wang Z, Wu H, Chen GQ. Endotoxin removing method based on lipopolysaccharide binding protein and polyhydroxyalkanoate binding protein PhaP. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:602-8. [PMID: 21261300 DOI: 10.1021/bm101230n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) granule associated protein PhaP has a strong affinity to PHA and other hydrophobic polymers. Human lipopolysaccharide binding protein (hLBP) is a natural endotoxin receptor in plasma. In this study, genes encoding hLBP fused with PhaP were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 for production of the fusion protein. The purified rhLBP-PhaP fusion protein was immobilized on particles of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which is a member of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The rhLBP-PhaP-coated PHB particles were added to endotoxin containing water and protein solutions to study their endotoxin removal and protein recovery efficiencies. The influences of ionic strengths and pH on endotoxin removal and protein recovery in different protein solutions were also studied using acidic proteins including bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin, and basic protein α-chymotrypsinogen as model proteins. The results showed that rhLBP-PhaP particles could remove endotoxin with an efficiency of over 90%. All endotoxin removal and protein recovery efficiencies were only slightly affected by ionic strengths but were drastically affected by pH changes. Our results demonstrated that rhLBP-PhaP particles with their high efficiency, ease of preparation, and nontoxicity will be a suitable system for endotoxin removal in the protein purification industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
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Yamanaka K, Hamano Y. Biotechnological Production of Poly-Epsilon-l-Lysine for Food and Medical Applications. In: Hamano Y, editor. Amino-Acid Homopolymers Occurring in Nature. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. pp. 61-75. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12453-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Saimura M, Takehara M, Mizukami S, Kataoka K, Hirohara H. Biosynthesis of nearly monodispersed poly(ε-l-lysine) in Streptomyces species. Biotechnol Lett 2008; 30:377-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-007-9563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hirohara H, Saimura M, Takehara M, Miyamoto M, Ikezaki A. Substantially monodispersed poly(epsilon-L-lysine)s frequently occurred in newly isolated strains of Streptomyces sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1009-16. [PMID: 17701409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The presence of poly(epsilon-L-lysine) (epsilon-PL) was found quite frequently by screening various strains of Streptomyces sp. Most of the ten newly obtained epsilon-PLs, when they were produced from glucose, showed a polydispersity index of Mw/Mn = 1.01 using ion-pair chromatography analysis. The polymers were classified into five groups according to their chain lengths. The average numbers of residues in the five groups were 32, 28, 25, 19, and 16, respectively. The use of glycerol instead of glucose resulted in decreases of 10 to 20% in the Mn and slight increases in the Mw/Mn. These observations indicated the chain length and polydispersity of epsilon-PL were primarily determined by each producer strain. Proton and 13C NMR analysis revealed the signals of glycerol-derived ester at the C terminus of the polymer from several producers including the first discovered S. albulus strain, although the percentages of the ester were low under our culture conditions. These results, coupled with the previous observation that SO4(2-) was essential for the polymer production, led to discussion on the mechanistic aspects of monomer activation, elongation, and termination in the biosynthesis of epsilon-PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hirohara
- Department of Materials Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka, Hikone 522-8533, Japan.
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Hirohara H, Takehara M, Saimura M, Ikezaki A, Masayuki A, Miyamoto M. Biosynthesis of poly(epsilon-L-lysine)s in two newly isolated strains of Streptomyces sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:321-31. [PMID: 16957897 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of poly(epsilon-L-lysine) (epsilon-PL) in the two newly isolated strains of Streptomyces lydicus USE-11 (USE-11) and Streptomyces sp. USE-51 (USE-51) was studied by a newly developed two-stage culture method of cell growth at pH 6.8 and epsilon-PL production at pH 4.5. USE-11 synthesized epsilon-PL consisting of about 28 residues at a high production level, whereas USE-51 did the polymer with 15 ones at a low level. The secreted epsilon-PLs in culture media were digested in a neutral pH range with a peptide hydrolase(s) produced by the epsilon-PL producers. The optimum production levels were presumed to be dependent upon the inherent epsilon-PL synthesis machinery of each producer. The production in USE-51 was sharply dependent upon cell density as was often observed in the production of antibiotics, whereas that in USE-11 was scarcely affected by the density. The SO(4)(2-) was found to be essential for the epsilon-PL production in both strains. This might suggest the involvement of a thiol group in the polymerization reactions including the activation of L-lysine. This study indicates that USE-11 is a most suitable strain for the exploration of the epsilon-PL biosynthesis at the molecular level as well as for the technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hirohara
- Department of Materials Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, Hassaka, Hikone 522-8533, Japan.
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Abstract
Various adsorbents have been investigated for removing endotoxin from protein solutions. It is believed that electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic intermolecular interaction are the main interactions in adsorption of endotoxin. In this work, a series of novel molecular recognition adsorbents for removal of endotoxin with dimethylamine ligand were prepared by coupling ligands on polymethyl methacrylate. We found that its adsorption capacity of endotoxin increased almost 8 times in the presence of a hydroxyl group at beta-site of ligand. The computer simulation showed that the hydroxyl group at beta-site could form H bond with endotoxin, as a result an octatomic ring was formed. The spacer in adsorbent and the long alkyl chain in endotoxin were located at the same side of the octatomic ring. In this situation, electrostatic interaction, H bond, cooperative effect of octatomic ring and hydrophobic intermolecular interaction effected simultaneously. The combination of endotoxin with adsorbent was tight and adsorption capacity was effectually increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials for Adsorption and Separation, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, Pepole's Republic of China.
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de Freitas SS, Machado RL, de Arruda EJ, Santana CC, Bueno SMA. Endotoxin removal from solutions of F(ab′)2 fragments of equine antibodies against snake venom using macroporous chitosan membrane. J Memb Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2003.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Igarashi K, Nakano Y. Fundamental adsorption properties of chitosan gel particles prepared by suspension evaporation method. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Affinity sorbents and detoxification strategies are described to remove different amounts of endotoxin. Advantages and disadvantages of the employed ligands are discussed and it is shown that both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions contribute to the association of ligands and endotoxins. Furthermore, the flexibility of the ligand is more important than an exact structural match between ligand and ligate. Owing to the formation of endotoxin micelles and vesicles, microfiltration membrane adsorbers are particularly effective since mass transfer restrictions are almost absent in the flow-through pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Anspach
- GBF-Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Biochemical Engineering, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Abstract
Synthetic peptide S3delta has high affinity for bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Under tested conditions of pH 5-9 and 0-0.4 M NaCl, the affinity constant, KD ranged from 2.10(-6) to 2 x 10(-9) M(-1). A novel affinity matrix based on peptide S3delta was developed for removal of LPS from solutions such as: water; buffers with a wide range of ionic strength and pH; medium for cell culture; and protein solutions under optimized conditions. At a starting LPS of approximately 100 EU/ml, a post-purification level below 0.005 EU/ml was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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