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Grabner D, Pickett PD, McAfee T, Collins BA. Molecular Weight-Independent "Polysoap" Nanostructure Characterized via In Situ Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7444-7455. [PMID: 38552143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Studying polymer micelle structure and loading dynamics under environmental conditions is critical for nanocarrier applications but challenging due to a lack of in situ nanoprobes. Here, the structure and loading of amphiphilic polyelectrolyte copolymer micelles, formed by 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and n-dodecyl acrylamide (DDAM), were investigated using a multimodal approach centered around in situ resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSoXS). We observe aqueous micelles formed from polymers of wide-ranging molecular weights and aqueous concentrations. Despite no measurable critical micelle concentration (CMC), structural analyses point toward multimeric structures for most molecular weights, with the lowest molecular weight micelles containing mixed coronas and forming loose micelle clusters that enhance hydrocarbon uptake. The sizes of the micelle substructures are independent of both the concentration and molecular weight. Combining these results with a measured molecular weight-invariant surface charge and zeta potential strengthens the link between the nanoparticle size and ionic charge in solution that governs the polysoap micelle structure. Such control would be critical for nanocarrier applications, such as drug delivery and water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Grabner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Phillip D Pickett
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Terry McAfee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian A Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Lerchbammer-Kreith Y, Hejl M, Sommerfeld NS, Weng-Jiang X, Odunze U, Mellor RD, Workman DG, Jakupec MA, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF, Galanski MS, Keppler BK. Quaternary Ammonium Palmitoyl Glycol Chitosan (GCPQ) Loaded with Platinum-Based Anticancer Agents-A Novel Polymer Formulation for Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1027. [PMID: 37513938 PMCID: PMC10386324 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) has already shown beneficial drug delivery properties and has been studied as a carrier for anticancer agents. Consequently, we synthesised cytotoxic platinum(IV) conjugates of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin by coupling via amide bonds to five GCPQ polymers differing in their degree of palmitoylation and quaternisation. The conjugates were characterised by 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy as well as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the latter to determine the amount of platinum(IV) units per GCPQ polymer. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT assay in three human cancer cell lines (A549, non-small-cell lung carcinoma; CH1/PA-1, ovarian teratocarcinoma; SW480, colon adenocarcinoma). All conjugates displayed a high increase in their cytotoxic activity by factors of up to 286 times compared to their corresponding platinum(IV) complexes and mostly outperformed the respective platinum(II) counterparts by factors of up to 20 times, also taking into account the respective loading of platinum(IV) units per GCPQ polymer. Finally, a biodistribution experiment was performed with an oxaliplatin-based GCPQ conjugate in non-tumour-bearing BALB/c mice revealing an increased accumulation in lung tissue. These findings open promising opportunities for further tumouricidal activity studies especially focusing on lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Lerchbammer-Kreith
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine S Sommerfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xian Weng-Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Odunze
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ryan D Mellor
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - David G Workman
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas G Schätzlein
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square 29-39, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Mathea S Galanski
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Abd Kadir E, Uchegbu IF, Schätzlein AG. High-capacity glycol chitosan-based nanoemulsion for efficient delivery of disulfiram. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123036. [PMID: 37169106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DS) is an anti-alcoholism drug capable of acting against important and hard-to-treat cancers. The drug's relative instability and variable absorption/distribution have led to its variable pharmacokinetics and suboptimal exposure. Hence, it was hypothesised that a nano-enabled form of DS might be able to overcome such limitations. Encapsulation of the labile DS was achieved with quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ) to form a high-capacity, soybean oil-based DS-GCPQ nanoemulsion. DS-GCPQ showed capability of oil-loading up to 50% v/v for a stable entrapment of high drug content. With increasing oil content (10 to 50% v/v), the mean particle size and polydispersity index were also increased (166 to 351 nm and 0.14 to 0.22, respectively) for a given amount of GCPQ. Formulations showed a highly positive particle surface charge (50.9 ± 1.3 mV), contributing to the colloidal stability of the individual particles. DS-GCPQ showed marked cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines with enhanced activity in the presence of copper. An intravenous pharmacokinetic study of DS-GCPQ in vivo showed improved plasma drug stability with a DS half-life of 17 min. Prolonged survival was seen in tumour-bearing animals treated with DS-GCPQ supplemented with copper. In conclusion, DS-GCPQ nanoemulsion has the potential to be developed further for cancer therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erazuliana Abd Kadir
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Toxicology, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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McAfee T, Ferron T, Cordova IA, Pickett PD, McCormick CL, Wang C, Collins BA. Label-free characterization of organic nanocarriers reveals persistent single molecule cores for hydrocarbon sequestration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3123. [PMID: 34035289 PMCID: PMC8149835 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled molecular nanostructures embody an enormous potential for new technologies, therapeutics, and understanding of molecular biofunctions. Their structure and function are dependent on local environments, necessitating in-situ/operando investigations for the biggest leaps in discovery and design. However, the most advanced of such investigations involve laborious labeling methods that can disrupt behavior or are not fast enough to capture stimuli-responsive phenomena. We utilize X-rays resonant with molecular bonds to demonstrate an in-situ nanoprobe that eliminates the need for labels and enables data collection times within seconds. Our analytical spectral model quantifies the structure, molecular composition, and dynamics of a copolymer micelle drug delivery platform using resonant soft X-rays. We additionally apply this technique to a hydrocarbon sequestrating polysoap micelle and discover that the critical organic-capturing domain does not coalesce upon aggregation but retains distinct single-molecule cores. This characteristic promotes its efficiency of hydrocarbon sequestration for applications like oil spill remediation and drug delivery. Such a technique enables operando, chemically sensitive investigations of any aqueous molecular nanostructure, label-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry McAfee
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, NC USA
| | - Thomas Ferron
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
| | - Isvar A. Cordova
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, NC USA
| | - Phillip D. Pickett
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - Charles L. McCormick
- grid.267193.80000 0001 2295 628XSchool of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, NC USA
| | - Brian A. Collins
- grid.30064.310000 0001 2157 6568Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA USA
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Chong WM, Lim V, Abd Kadir E. Hydrophobically modified PEGylated glycol chitosan nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and anticancer properties. NEW J CHEM 2021; 45:11359-11370. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01710a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel palmitoylated glycol chitosan polymer grafted with PEG (PGC-PEG) was successfully developed to form amphiphilic micelles in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Mun Chong
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
| | - Erazuliana Abd Kadir
- Integrative Medicine Cluster
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- 13200 Kepala Batas
- Malaysia
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Li X, Qu J, Zhang T, He X, Jiang Y, Chen J. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Targeted Self-Assembled Nanoparticles Loaded with Methotrexate for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8204-8212. [PMID: 31674342 PMCID: PMC6849372 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nanotechnology is one of the most productive approaches for specifically delivering drug payloads to the region of interest to decrease nonspecific distribution and unwanted toxicities. Material/Methods We prepared glycol chitosan stearate self-assembled nanoparticles loaded with methotrexate (MTX) for NF-κB targeting in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nanoparticles were prepared using hydrophobic modification of glycol chitosan (GC) with steric acid (SA) and was characterized using IR. The efficiency of nanoparticles after their physiochemical characterization was measured in vitro and by in vivo studies in mice. Results The nanoparticles thus prepared were spherical in shape, 235 nm in diameter, and had negative zeta potential. The entrapment efficiency of MTX-GC-SA was more than 70%. The in vitro higher uptake of MTX-GC-SA in murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) was confirmed using confocal microscopy and FACS analysis. Systemic administration of MTX-GC-SA into collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice resulted in high accumulation in inflamed joints. The MTX-GS-SA revealed significantly better therapeutic efficacy against CIA mice compared to free MTX. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of using this MTX-GC-SA nanoparticle formulation in suppressing inflammatory arthritis for effective treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xi He
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiangyan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Guo JM, Makvandi P, Wei CC, Chen JH, Xu HK, Breschi L, Pashley DH, Huang C, Niu LN, Tay FR. Polymer conjugation optimizes EDTA as a calcium-chelating agent that exclusively removes extrafibrillar minerals from mineralized collagen. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:424-440. [PMID: 30953801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During development of mineralized collagenous tissues, intrafibrillar mineralization is achieved by preventing mineralization precursor inhibitors that are larger than 40 kDa from entering the collagen fibrils. Such a property is incorporated in the design of a calcium chelator for dentin bonding in the etch-and-rinse technique that selectively demineralizes extrafibrillar apatite while leaving the intrafibrillar minerals intact. This strategy prevents complete demineralization of collagen fibrils, avoids collapse of collagen that blocks resin infiltration after air-drying, and protects the completely demineralized fibrils from bacteria colonization and degradation by endogenous proteases after resin bonding. In the present study, a water-soluble glycol chitosan-EDTA (GCE) conditioner was synthesized by conjugation of EDTA, an effective calcium chelator, to high molecular weight glycol chitosan, which exhibits weak chelation property. The GCE conjugate was purified, characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry and ICP-AES, and subjected to size exclusion dialysis to recover molecules that are >40 kDa. The optimal concentration and application time for etching dentin were determined by bond strength testing to ensure that the dentin bonding results were comparable to phosphoric acid etching, and maintained equivalent bond strength after air-drying of the conditioned collagen matrix. Extrafibrillar demineralization was validated with transmission electron microscopy. Inhibition of endogenous dentin proteases was confirmed using in-situ zymography. The water-soluble GCE dentin conditioner was non-cytotoxic and possessed antibacterial activities against planktonic and single-species biofilms, supporting its ongoing development as a dentin conditioner with air-drying, anti-proteolytic and antibacterial properties to enhance the durability of bonds created using the etch-and-rinse bonding technique. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The current state-of-the-art techniques for filling decayed teeth with plastic tooth-colored materials require conditioning the mineralized, biofilm-covered, decayed dentin with acids or acid resin monomers to create a surface layer of completely- or partially-demineralized collagen matrix for the infiltration of adhesive resin monomers. Nevertheless, fillings prepared using these strategies are not as durable as consumers have anticipated. Conjugation of polymeric glycol chitosan with EDTA produces a new conditioner for dentin bonding that demineralizes only extrafibrillar dentin, reduces endogenous protease activities and kills biofilm bacteria. The high molecular weight glycol chitosan-EDTA is non-cytotoxic to the key regenerative players within the dentin-pulp complex. This advance permits dry bonding and the use of hydrophobic resins.
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Kanwal U, Bukhari NI, Rana NF, Rehman M, Hussain K, Abbas N, Mehmood A, Raza A. Doxorubicin-loaded quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan polymeric nanoformulation: uptake by cells and organs. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:1-15. [PMID: 30587981 PMCID: PMC6302811 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to develop doxorubicin-loaded quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (DOX-GCPQ) nanoformulation that could enable DOX delivery and noninvasive monitoring of drug accumulation and biodistribution at tumor site utilizing self-florescent property of doxorubicin. MATERIALS AND METHODS DOX-GCPQ amphiphilic polymeric nanoformulations were prepared and optimized using artificial neural network (ANN) and characterized for surface morphology by atomic force microscopy, particle size with polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential by dynamic light scattering. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer studies were performed to examine drug polymer interaction. The ANN-optimized nanoformulation was investigated for in vitro release, cellular, tumor, and tissue uptake. RESULTS The optimized DOX-GCPQ nanoformulation was anionic spherical micelles with the hydrodynamic particle size of 97.8±1.5 nm, the PDI of <0.3, the zeta potential of 28±2 mV, and the encapsulation efficiency of 80%±1.5%. Nanoformulation demonstrated a sustained release pattern over 48 h, assuming Weibull model. Fluorescence microscopy revealed higher uptake of DOX-GCPQ in human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells as compared to free DOX. In vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated a significant cytotoxicity of DOX-GCPQ against RD cells as compared to DOX and blank GCPQ (P<0.05). DOX-GCPQ exhibited low IC50 (1.7±0.404 µmol) when compared to that of DOX (3.0±0.968 µmol). In skin tumor xenografts, optical imaging revealed significantly lower DOX-GCPQ in heart and liver (P<0.05) and accumulated mainly in tumor (P<0.05) as compared to other tissues. CONCLUSION The features of nanoformulation, ie, small particle size, sustained drug release, and enhanced cellular uptake, potential to target tumor passively coupled with the possibility of monitoring of tumor localization by optical imaging may make DOX-GCPQ an efficient nanotheranostic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummarah Kanwal
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan,
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan,
| | - Nadeem Irfan Bukhari
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan,
| | - Nosheen Fatima Rana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Rehman
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan,
| | - Khalid Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan,
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, Lahore, Pakistan,
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Material Division, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- NILOP Nanomedicine Research Laboratories, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Islamabad, Pakistan,
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Hemalatha T, Prabu P, Gunadharini DN, Gowthaman MK. Fabrication and characterization of dual acting oleyl chitosan functionalised iron oxide/gold hybrid nanoparticles for MRI and CT imaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:250-257. [PMID: 29378272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bionanocomposites fabricated using metal nanoparticles serve a wide range of biomedical applications viz., site targeted drug delivery, imaging etc. Theranostics emerge as an important field of science, which focuses on the use of single entity for both disease diagnosis and treatment. The present work aimed at designing a multifunctional nanocomposite comprising of iron/gold hybrid nanoparticles, coated with oleyl chitosan and conjugated with methotrexate. The HR-TEM images revealed the spherical nature of the composite, while it's nontoxic and biocompatible property was proved by the MTT assay in NIH 3T3 cells and hemolysis assay. Though the VSM results exhibited the magnetic property, the MRI phantom images and X-ray contrast images demonstrated the potential of the composite to be used as contrast agent. Thus the prepared nanocomposite possess good cytocompatibility, magnetic property and also high X-ray attenuation, wherein it could serve as a novel platform for both MRI and CT diagnosis, as well as drug conjugation could aid in targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiagarajan Hemalatha
- Department of Biological Materials, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
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Liu K, Jiang X, Hunziker P. Carbohydrate-based amphiphilic nano delivery systems for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16091-16156. [PMID: 27714108 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel drug delivery systems that have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, and have been used for the treatment of cancer, infection, inflammation and other diseases. Among the numerous classes of materials employed for constructing NPs, organic polymers are outstanding due to the flexibility of design and synthesis and the ease of modification and functionalization. In particular, NP based amphiphilic polymers make a great contribution to the delivery of poorly-water soluble drugs. For example, natural, biocompatible and biodegradable products like polysaccharides are widely used as building blocks for the preparation of such drug delivery vehicles. This review will detail carbohydrate based amphiphilic polymeric systems for cancer therapy. Specifically, it focuses on the nature of the polymer employed for the preparation of targeted nanocarriers, the synthetic methods, as well as strategies for the application and evaluation of biological activity. Applications of the amphiphilic polymer systems include drug delivery, gene delivery, photosensitizer delivery, diagnostic imaging and specific ligand-assisted cellular uptake. As a result, a thorough understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and biological properties facilitate the optimal design and rational clinical application of the resulting carbohydrate based nano delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Liu
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland. and CLINAM Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, Alemannengasse 12, Basel, CH-4016, Switzerland.
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11
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Synthesis of new thermo/pH sensitive drug delivery systems based on tragacanth gum polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:415-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Riabtseva A, Mitina N, Grytsyna I, Boiko N, Garamus VM, Stryhanyuk H, Stoika R, Zaichenko A. Functional micelles formed by branched polymeric surfactants: Synthesis, characteristics, and application as nanoreactors and carriers. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Lalatsa A, Barbu E. Carbohydrate Nanoparticles for Brain Delivery. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 130:115-53. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Khare V, Sakarchi WA, Gupta PN, Curtis ADM, Hoskins C. Synthesis and characterization of TPGS–gemcitabine prodrug micelles for pancreatic cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of a novel polymer-drug conjugate formulation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Khare
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
| | | | - Prem N. Gupta
- Formulation and Drug Delivery Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine
- India 180001
| | | | - Clare Hoskins
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine
- Keele University
- Keele
- UK
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15
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Abbasi S, Yousefi G, Firuzi O, Mohammadi-Samani S. Design and cell cytotoxicity assessment of palmitoylated polyethylene glycol-grafted chitosan as nanomicelle carrier for paclitaxel. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Abbasi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Yousefi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 3288, 71345 Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery; School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences; Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583 Iran
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16
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Atta AM, El-Mahdy GA, Al-Lohedan HA, Ezzat ARO. Synthesis of nonionic amphiphilic chitosan nanoparticles for active corrosion protection of steel. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Yu J, Liu Y, Zhang L, Zhao J, Ren J, Zhang L, Jin Y. Self-aggregated nanoparticles of linoleic acid-modified glycol chitosan conjugate as delivery vehicles for paclitaxel: preparation, characterization and evaluation. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:1475-89. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2015.1101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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The polyacrylic acid/modified chitosan capsules with tunable release of small hydrophobic probe and drug. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Serrano DR, Lalatsa A, Dea-Ayuela MA, Bilbao-Ramos PE, Garrett NL, Moger J, Guarro J, Capilla J, Ballesteros MP, Schätzlein AG, Bolás F, Torrado JJ, Uchegbu IF. Oral Particle Uptake and Organ Targeting Drives the Activity of Amphotericin B Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:420-31. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500527x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores R. Serrano
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Lalatsa
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St. Michael’s Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, U.K
| | - M. Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento
de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Moncada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Pablo E. Bilbao-Ramos
- Departamento
de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Natalie L. Garrett
- School
of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Julian Moger
- School
of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Josep Guarro
- Facultat
de Medicina, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç
21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Javier Capilla
- Facultat
de Medicina, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç
21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - M. Paloma Ballesteros
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Bolás
- Departamento
de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Departamento
de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39,
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
- Nanomerics Ltd., St. Albans, AL1 1SR, U.K
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20
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Gupta PK, Jaiswal AK, Asthana S, Verma A, Kumar V, Shukla P, Dwivedi P, Dube A, Mishra PR. Self Assembled Ionically Sodium Alginate Cross-Linked Amphotericin B Encapsulated Glycol Chitosan Stearate Nanoparticles: Applicability in Better Chemotherapy and Non-Toxic Delivery in Visceral Leishmaniasis. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1727-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Chooi KW, Simão Carlos MI, Soundararajan R, Gaisford S, Arifin N, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Physical Characterisation and Long-Term Stability Studies on Quaternary Ammonium Palmitoyl Glycol Chitosan (GCPQ)—A New Drug Delivery Polymer. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2296-306. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Uchegbu IF, Carlos M, McKay C, Hou X, Schätzlein AG. Chitosan amphiphiles provide new drug delivery opportunities. POLYM INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ijeoma F Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
- Nanomerics Ltd; Approach Road St Albans AL1 1SR UK
| | - Margarida Carlos
- UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Cameron McKay
- UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Xueliang Hou
- UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Andreas G Schätzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy; 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
- Nanomerics Ltd; Approach Road St Albans AL1 1SR UK
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23
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Gupta PK, Jaiswal AK, Kumar V, Verma A, Dwivedi P, Dube A, Mishra PR. Covalent Functionalized Self-Assembled Lipo-Polymerosome Bearing Amphotericin B for Better Management of Leishmaniasis and Its Toxicity Evaluation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:951-63. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400603t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K. Gupta
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Anil K. Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Ashwni Verma
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Anuradha Dube
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
| | - Prabhat R. Mishra
- Pharmaceutics Division and ‡Parasitology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, B 10/1, Sector
10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, India 226031
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24
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Wan WM, Pickett PD, Savin DA, McCormick CL. Structurally controlled “polysoaps” via RAFT copolymerization of AMPS and n-dodecyl acrylamide for environmental remediation. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01073b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Zhang A, Ding D, Ren J, Zhu X, Yao Y. Synthesis, characterization, and drug-release behavior of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Derun Ding
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Jicun Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites; Shanghai Jiaotong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Youhong Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai University of Engineering Science; 333 Longteng Road Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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26
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Mennini N, Furlanetto S, Bragagni M, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Mura P. Development of a chitosan-derivative micellar formulation to improve celecoxib solubility and bioavailability. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1494-502. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.831440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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Lu W, Lu ML, Zhang QP, Tian YQ, Zhang ZX, Xu HH. Octahydrogenated retinoic acid-conjugated glycol chitosan nanoparticles as a novel carrier of azadirachtin: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro
evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Meng-Ling Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Qing-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Yong-Qing Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Han-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University; Guangzhou 510642 China
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28
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Chen MC, Mi FL, Liao ZX, Hsiao CW, Sonaje K, Chung MF, Hsu LW, Sung HW. Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:865-79. [PMID: 23159541 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), a cationic polysaccharide, is widely regarded as a safe and efficient intestinal absorption enhancer of therapeutic macromolecules, owing to its inherent mucoadhesive feature and ability to modulate the integrity of epithelial tight junctions reversibly. By using CS-based nanoparticles, many studies have attempted to protect the loaded macromolecules against acidic denaturation and enzymatic degradation, prolong their intestinal residence time, and increase their absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Derivatives of CS such as quaternized CS, thiolated CS and carboxylated CS have also been examined to further enhance its effectiveness in oral absorption of macromolecular drugs. This review article describes the synthesis of these CS derivatives and their characteristics, as well as their potential transport mechanisms of macromolecular therapeutics across the intestinal biological membrane. Recent advances in using CS and its derivatives as carriers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules and their effects on drug transport are also reviewed.
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29
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Suleimenov I, Güven O, Mun G, Beissegul A, Panchenko S, Ivlev R. The formation of interpolymer complexes and hydrophilic associates of poly(acrylic acid) and non-ionic copolymers based on 2-hydroxyethylacrylate in aqueous solutions. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibragim Suleimenov
- Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications; Baitursynova Str.; 126; Almaty; 050013; Kazakhstan
| | - Olgun Güven
- Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry; Beytepe; Ankara; 06532; Turkey
| | - Grigoriy Mun
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Al-Farabi av.; 71; Almaty; 050038; Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya Beissegul
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University; Al-Farabi av.; 71; Almaty; 050038; Kazakhstan
| | - Sergey Panchenko
- Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications; Baitursynova Str.; 126; Almaty; 050013; Kazakhstan
| | - Roman Ivlev
- Kazakh-British Technical University; Toli bi Str; 59; Almaty; 050000; Kazakhstan
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30
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Quiñones JP, Gothelf KV, Kjems J, Yang C, Caballero AMH, Schmidt C, Covas CP. Self-assembled nanoparticles of modified-chitosan conjugates for the sustained release of DL-α-tocopherol. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:856-64. [PMID: 23218376 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic O6-succinylated chitosan and commercial glycol chitosan were covalently linked to dl-α-tocopheryl monoesters for controlled release of vitamin E. These conjugates formed self-assembled nanoparticles in aqueous solution with 254-496 nm mean diameters and dl-α-tocopherol contents between 27 and 39% (w/w). The particles appeared as 40-75 nm almost spherical nanoparticles when studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy upon drying. Drug linking to chitosan matrix was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and proton NMR. Conjugates were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. In vitro tocopherol release studies performed in water at acid pH indicated a drug release dependence on drug content, hydrated particle sizes and employed chitosan derivative. Almost constant release rates were observed the first 7h. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited radical scavenging activity in DPPH essay. The potential of these nanoparticles was also demonstrated by the enhancement of HMVEC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pérez Quiñones
- Center of Natural Products, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, Cuba.
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31
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Yu J, Xie X, Wu J, Liu Y, Liu P, Xu X, Yu H, Lu L, Che X. Folic acid conjugated glycol chitosan micelles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin: preparation and preliminary evaluation in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:606-20. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.701548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingmou Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Xin Xie
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
- b College of Basic Medical Science, Nanchang University , Nanchang , 330006 , China
| | - Jiazhong Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- c Department of Pharmacy , Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Pinjian Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Xiaoyuan Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Huan Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Lu Lu
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
| | - Xiangxin Che
- a Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Medicine of Jiangxi Province , College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University , Jiujiang , 332000 , China
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32
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A review on comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers for hydrophobic drug solubilization. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:59-79. [PMID: 22833933 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers are rapidly emerging as an alternative approach to amphiphilic block copolymers for hydrophobic drug solubilization. These polymers consist of a homopolymer or copolymer backbone to which hydrophobic and hydrophilic pendant groups can be grafted resulting in a comb-like architecture. The hydrophobic pendants may consist of homopolymers, copolymers and other low-molecular weight hydrophobic structures. In this review, we focus on hydrophobically modified preformed homopolymers. Comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers possess reduced critical aggregation concentration values compared with traditional surfactant micelles indicating increased stability with decreased disruption experienced on dilution. They have been fabricated with diverse architectures and multifunctional properties such as site-specific targeting and external stimuli-responsive nature. The application of comb-shaped amphiphilic polymers is expanding; here we report on the progress achieved so far in hydrophobic drug solubilization for both intravenous and oral delivery.
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33
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Quiñones JP, Gothelf KV, Kjems J, Caballero ÁMH, Schmidt C, Covas CP. Self-assembled nanoparticles of glycol chitosan – Ergocalciferol succinate conjugate, for controlled release. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Garrett NL, Lalatsa A, Uchegbu I, Schätzlein A, Moger J. Exploring uptake mechanisms of oral nanomedicines using multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:458-68. [PMID: 22389316 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in pharmaceutical nanotechnology have yielded ever increasingly sophisticated nanoparticles for medicine delivery. When administered via oral, intravenous, ocular and transcutaneous delivery routes, these nanoparticles can elicit enhanced drug performance. In spite of this, little is known about the mechanistic processes underlying interactions between nanoparticles and tissues, or how these correlate with improved pharmaceutical effects. These mechanisms must be fully understood before nanomedicines can be rationally engineered to optimise their performance. Methods to directly visualise these particulates within tissue samples have traditionally involved imaging modalities requiring covalent labelling of fluorescent or radioisotope contrast agents. We present CARS, second harmonic generation and two photon fluorescence microscopy combined as a multi-modal label-free method for pinpointing polymeric nanoparticles within the stomach, intestine, gall bladder and liver. We demonstrate for the first time that orally administered chitosan nanoparticles follow a recirculation pathway from the GI tract via enterocytes, to the liver hepatocytes and intercellular spaces and then to the gall bladder, before being re-released into the gut together with bile.
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Dergunov SA, Mun GA, Dergunov MA, Suleimenov IE, Pinkhassik E. Tunable thermosensitivity in multistimuli-responsive terpolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Siew A, Le H, Thiovolet M, Gellert P, Schatzlein A, Uchegbu I. Enhanced oral absorption of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs using quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:14-28. [PMID: 22047066 DOI: 10.1021/mp200469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As 95% of all prescriptions are for orally administered drugs, the issue of oral absorption is central to the development of pharmaceuticals. Oral absorption is limited by a high molecular weight (>500 Da), a high log P value (>2.0) and low gastrointestinal permeability. We have designed a triple action nanomedicine from a chitosan amphiphile: quaternary ammonium palmitoyl glycol chitosan (GCPQ), which significantly enhances the oral absorption of hydrophobic drugs (e.g., griseofulvin and cyclosporin A) and, to a lesser extent, the absorption of hydrophilic drugs (e.g., ranitidine). The griseofulvin and cyclosporin A C(max) was increased 6- and 5-fold respectively with this new nanomedicine. Hydrophobic drug absorption is facilitated by the nanomedicine: (a) increasing the dissolution rate of hydrophobic molecules, (b) adhering to and penetrating the mucus layer and thus enabling intimate contact between the drug and the gastrointestinal epithelium absorptive cells, and (c) enhancing the transcellular transport of hydrophobic compounds. Although the C(max) of ranitidine was enhanced by 80% with the nanomedicine, there was no appreciable opening of tight junctions by the polymer particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Siew
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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37
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Gu J, Cheng WP, Hoskins C, Lin PKT, Zhao L, Zhu L, Qu X, Yang Z. Nano self-assemblies based on cholate grafted poly-L-lysine enhanced the solubility of sterol-like drugs. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:752-62. [PMID: 21967462 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.615951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical compatibility between amphiphilic polymers and hydrophobic drugs has been recognized as an important issue for improving the drug solubilisation in polymeric micelle formulations. In this work, poly-L-lysine (PLL) grafted by cholate pendants as the only hydrophobic moiety were synthesized in order to facilitate the solubilisation of sterol drugs. Results showed that micelles formed by cholate grafted PLL encapsulated significantly higher level of prednisolone and estradiol than palmitoylated PLL micelles, whereas the solubilisation capacity of non-sterol drug (griseofulvin) is inefficient for both polymers. This suggests that higher drug-polymer incorporation can be achieved by the inclusion of hydrophobic moieties with similar architecture as the drugs, i.e. 'drug-like' functional groups, which will be useful for the future design of colloidal systems for the encapsulation of specific drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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38
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Azari F, Sandros MG, Tabrizian M. Self-assembled multifunctional nanoplexes for gene inhibitory therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:669-80. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To enhance the stability of siRNA while improving their therapeutic properties and visualization at the target site, a novel nanoplex system was developed. Materials & Methods: The designed nanoplex system involved functionalizing siRNA with near-infrared quantum dots and loading them into histidylated glycol chitosan (GC-His). Results: Colocalization studies revealed a twofold increase in siRNA uptake after encapsulation with GC-His and nanoparticles were localized in cytoplasm, suggesting that histidine promoted their dissociation from the endosomal membranes. Furthermore, as opposed to siRNAs treated with commercial transfection reagent, siRNAs loaded within GC-His showed a marked reduction (64%) of MDM2 protein expression 24 h after transfection. Conclusion: These findings concur that GC-His/siRNA-quantum dot nanoplexes are promising multifunctional vehicles for gene inhibitory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Azari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada
- Center for Biorecognition & Biosensors, McGill Institute for Advanced Materials, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marinella G Sandros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2B4, Canada
- Center for Biorecognition & Biosensors, McGill Institute for Advanced Materials, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Hoskins C, Lin PKT, Tetley L, Cheng WP. Novel fluorescent amphiphilic poly(allylamine) and their supramacromolecular self-assemblies in aqueous media. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Lin ZT, Song K, Bin JP, Liao YL, Jiang GB. Characterization of polymer micelles with hemocompatibility based on N-succinyl-chitosan grafting with long chain hydrophobic groups and loading aspirin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Song Y, Zhang L, Gan W, Zhou J, Zhang L. Self-assembled micelles based on hydrophobically modified quaternized cellulose for drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 83:313-20. [PMID: 21190813 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel amphiphilic cationic cellulose (HMQC) derivatives carrying long chain alkyl groups as hydrophobic moieties and quaternary ammonium groups as hydrophilic moieties were synthesized. Structure and properties of the amphiphilic cellulose derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, ζ-potential measurement, dynamic light scattering (DLS), fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that HMQCs can be self-assembled into cationic micelles in distilled water with the average hydrodynamic radius of 320-430 nm. The cytotoxicity study showed that the HMQC exhibited low cytotoxicity. Prednisone acetate, a water insoluble anti-inflammation drug, was chosen as a model drug to investigate the utilization of self-assembled HMQC micelles as a delivery carrier for poorly water-soluble drugs. The study indicated that the prednisone acetate could be incorporated effectively in the self-assembled HMQC micelles and be controlled released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Luojia Hill, Wuhan 430072, China
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42
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Li XW, Lin XH, Zheng LQ, Yu L, Mao HZ. Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Release of Chloramphenicol Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701856782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei Li
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Xiao Hong Lin
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Li Qiang Zheng
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Li Yu
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
| | - Hong Zhi Mao
- a Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry , Shandong University, Ministry of Education , Jinan , China
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43
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Zhunuspayev DE, Mun GA, Khutoryanskiy VV. Temperature-responsive properties and drug solubilization capacity of amphiphilic copolymers based on N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl propyl ether. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:7590-7597. [PMID: 20151669 DOI: 10.1021/la904403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized by free-radical copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) with vinyl propyl ether (VPE), and the structure of the copolymers was characterized by elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The reactivity of VPE in copolymerization was found to be significantly lower than the reactivity of NVP, which resulted in a decrease of copolymers' yields and molecular weights with higher content of VPE in the feed mixture. An investigation of the behavior of the copolymers in aqueous solutions at different temperatures by dynamic light scattering revealed the presence of lower critical solution temperature, which depending on the content of VPE ranged within 23-38 degrees C. Aqueous solutions of these copolymers were studied by fluorescent spectroscopy with pyrene as a polarity probe to reveal the formation of hydrophobic domains. The copolymers were found to be useful for enhancing the solubility of riboflavin in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daulet E Zhunuspayev
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
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Chooi KW, Gray AI, Tetley L, Fan Y, Uchegbu IF. The molecular shape of poly(propylenimine) dendrimer amphiphiles has a profound effect on their self assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:2301-2316. [PMID: 19860445 DOI: 10.1021/la9027282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The shape of dendrimer amphiphiles has an unexpected effect on their self-assembly. A series of diaminobutane poly(propylenimine) generation 3 dendrimer (DAB-dendr-(NH(2))(16)) amphiphiles has been synthesized, bearing an average of five (PD5), three (PD3) and one (PD1) palmitoyl group(s) per dendrimer molecule. Additionally DAB-dendr-(NH(2))(16) was derivatized with a layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, degree of polymerization = 12) groups and conjugated to an average of 1 palmitoyl group at the PEG end (PPD1). A final amphiphile resulted from the conjugation of DAB-dendr-(NH(2))(16) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-succinimidylpropionate (DSPE-PEG(3400)-SPA), i.e.: DPD5 (with 4 DSPE-PEG arms). The critical micellar concentration in aqueous media followed the trend: DPD5 < PD5 = PD3 < PD1 < PPD1 and amphiphiles eventually formed 10-20 nm monomolecular or multimolecular micelles and/or 200 nm spheres or tubules. Aggregation was entropy driven, as expected, for DPD5, PD5 and PD1 and enthalpy driven with the most hydrophilic compound PPD1, but was unexpectedly enthalpy driven for PD3. PD3 aggregates formed low capacity hydrophobic domains with a limited capacity for encapsulation of cyclosporine A; encapsulation levels (mole drug per mole polymer) were 0.099, 0.014, 0.099, and 0.735 for PD1, PD3, PD5, and DPD5 and, respectively. We conclude that star shaped amphiphiles such as PD3 are sterically hindered from self-assembling into high capacity hydrophobic domains in aqueous media. Amphiphile-membrane interactions were promoted by hydrophobic groups, but diminished by PEG moieties. DPD5 is the most suitable amphiphile for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wai Chooi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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45
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Chitosan-based nanostructures: a delivery platform for ocular therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:100-17. [PMID: 19958805 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology has caused important breakthroughs in different therapeutic areas. In particular, the application of nanotechnology in ophthalmology has led to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of ocular disorders. Indeed, the association of an active molecule to a nanocarrier allows the molecule to intimately interact with specific ocular structures, to overcome ocular barriers and to prolong its residence in the target tissue. Over the last decade, our group has designed and developed a delivery platform based on the polysaccharide chitosan, which suits the requirements of the topical ocular route. These nanosystems have been specifically adapted for the delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and also polynucleotides onto the eye surface. The results collected up until now suggest the potential of this delivery platform and the subsequent need of a full preclinical evaluation in order to satisfy the specific regulatory demands of this mode of administration.
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46
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Yu JM, Li YJ, Qiu LY, Jin Y. Polymeric nanoparticles of cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan for doxorubicin delivery: preparation and in-vitro and in-vivo characterization. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009; 61:713-9. [PMID: 19505361 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.06.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively studied as drug carriers. Chitosan and its derivatives have attracted significant attention in this regard but have limited application because of insolubility in biological solution. In this work, we attempted to utilize cholesterol-modified glycol chitosan (CHGC) self-aggregated nanoparticles to increase aqueous solubility, and to reduce side effects and enhance the antitumour efficacy of the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Methods CHGC nanoparticles were loaded with doxorubicin by a dialysis method, and their characteristics were determined by transmission electron microscopy examination, light-scattering study, in-vitro drug-release study, pharmacokinetic study in rats and in-vivo antitumour activity in mice. KEY FINDINGS The resulting doxorubicin-loaded CHGC nanoparticles (DCNs) formed self-assembled aggregates in aqueous medium. From the observation by transmission electron microscopy, DCNs were almost spherical in shape. The mean diameters of these nanoparticles determined by dynamic light scattering were in the range of 237-336 nm as the doxorubicin-loading content increased from 1.73% to 9.36%. In-vitro data indicated that doxorubicin release from DCNs was much faster in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 5.5 than at pH 6.5 and 7.4, and the release rate was dependent on the loading content of doxorubicin in these nanoparticles. It was observed that DCN-16 (drug loaded content: 9.36%) exhibited prolonged circulation time in rat plasma and showed higher antitumour efficacy against S180-bearing mice than free doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that CHGC nanoparticles had potential as a carrier for insoluble anticancer drugs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mou Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Elsabee MZ, Morsi RE, Al-Sabagh AM. Surface active properties of chitosan and its derivatives. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:1-16. [PMID: 19682870 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the definition of surface active agents and specifically natural polymeric surface active agents. Chitosan by itself was found to have weak surface activity since it has no hydrophobic segments. Chemical modifications of chitosan could improve such surface activity. This is achieved by introducing hydrophobic substituents in its glucosidic group. Several examples of chitosan derivatives with surfactant activity have been surveyed. The surface active polymers form micelles and aggregates which have enormous importance in the entrapment of water-insoluble drugs and consequently applications in the controlled drug delivery and many biomedical fields. Chitosan also interacts with several substrates by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with considerable biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Z Elsabee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Cairo 12613, Egypt.
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48
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Mourya VK, Inamdar NN. Trimethyl chitosan and its applications in drug delivery. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:1057-79. [PMID: 19112609 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan, a polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin is widely studied for its pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical applications. Recommendations about uses of this polymer although could not be always realized due to limited solubility. Chitosan, for example, has been extensively evaluated for its mucoadhesive and absorption enhancement properties. The positive charge on the chitosan molecule gained by acidic environment in which it is soluble seems to be important for absorption enhancement. However chitosan is not soluble in medium except below pH 5.6. This limits its use as permeation enhancer in body compartments where pH is high. In this regard there is a need for chitosan derivatives with increased solubility, especially at neutral and basic pH values. Trimethylation of chitosan is an effort in this direction. Despite the abundance of the research related to trimethyl chitosan (TMC), the overview of the topic is not available. Hence an attempt is made in this review to cover the recent findings pertaining to synthesis, characterization and applications of TMC especially in pharmaceutical field. TMC has been synthesized by different ways and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC etc. This quaternized derivative of chitosan possesses a positive charge and is soluble over a wide range of pH. TMC, being a derivative of cationic polymer enriched with positive charge shows better mucoadhesive, permeation enhancement, drug delivery and DNA delivery properties. TMC can be further derivitized or grafted for modulating properties as solubility, cytotoxicity or cell recognition ability. Apart from these applications, TMC itself and its derivatives exhibit antimicrobial properties also. Quaternization of chitosan not only with methyl group but higher group as ethyl or along with spacer or quaternization of modified chitosan can be of interest too.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Mourya
- Government College of Pharmacy, Vedant Hotel Road, Usmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
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49
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Nam HY, Kwon SM, Chung H, Lee SY, Kwon SH, Jeon H, Kim Y, Park JH, Kim J, Her S, Oh YK, Kwon IC, Kim K, Jeong SY. Cellular uptake mechanism and intracellular fate of hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release 2009; 135:259-67. [PMID: 19331853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticle-based carriers are promising agents for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to the intracellular site of action. To optimize the efficacy in delivery, often the tuning of physicochemical properties (i.e., particle size, shape, surface charge, lipophilicity, etc.) is necessary, in a manner specific to each type of nanoparticle. Recent studies showed an efficient tumor targeting by hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanoparticles through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. As a continued effort, here the investigations on the cellular uptake mechanism and the intracellular fate of the HGC nanoparticles are reported. The HGC nanoparticle, prepared by a partial derivatization of the free amino groups of glycol chitosan (GC) with 5beta-cholanic acid, had a globular shape with the average diameter of 359 nm and the zeta potential of ca. 22 mV. Interestingly, these nanoparticles showed an enhanced distribution in the whole cells, compared to the parent hydrophilic GC polymers. In vitro experiments with endocytic inhibitors suggested that several distinct uptake pathways (e.g., clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and macropinocytosis) are involved in the internalization of HGC. Some HGC nanoparticles were found entrapped in the lysosomes upon entry, as determined by TEM and colocalization studies. Given such favorable properties including low toxicity, biocompatibility, and fast uptake by several nondestructive endocytic pathways, our HGC nanoparticles may serve as a versatile carrier for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Yun Nam
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, South South Korea
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50
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Abstract
Chitosan, a natural-based polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin, is nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These properties make chitosan a good candidate for conventional and novel drug delivery systems. This article reviews the approaches aimed to associate bioactive molecules to chitosan in the form of colloidal structures and analyzes the evidence of their efficacy in improving the transport of the associated molecule through mucosae and epithelia. Chitosan forms colloidal particles and entraps bioactive molecules through a number of mechanisms, including chemical crosslinking, ionic crosslinking, and ionic complexation. A possible alternative of chitosan by the chemical modification also has been useful for the association of bioactive molecules to polymer and controlling the drug release profile. Because of the high affinity of chitosan for cell membranes, it has been used as a coating agent for liposome formulations. This review also examines the advances in the application of chitosan and its derivatives to nonviral gene delivery and gives an overview of transfection studies that use chitosan as a transfection agent. From the studies reviewed, we concluded that chitosan and its derivatives are promising materials for controlled drug and nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prabaharan
- Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal.
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