Distribution of alleles of 12 STR loci in Tamil population (south India)

Hungarian population data of four X-linked markers: DXS8378, DXS7132, HPRTB, and DXS7423

DXS8378, DXS7132, HPRTB, and DXS7423 microsatellite markers located in four different X-chromosomal linkage groups were studied in the Hungarian population. After genotyping unrelated men (219) and women (165), forensic efficiency parameters showing that the four X-linked short tandem repeats are informative for forensic applications were calculated. With fragment and sequence analysis, one microvariant allele (11.2) was identified in the HPRTB locus. A deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could not be detected. Investigations of 96 father-child meioses revealed one mutation in the DXS7132 locus. For comparison of 22 different populations, G-tests were carried out.

Allele frequencies of 15 STR loci of three main ethnic populations in Singapore using an in-house marker panel

Allele frequency data for 15 Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci was studied for the three main ethnic groups residing in Singapore, namely Chinese, Malay and Indian. An in-house STR marker panel was employed, consisting all 13 tetranucleaotide STR listed in CODIS (Combined DNA Index System, USA) and two pentanucleaotide STR, Penta D and Penta E. This represents a comprehensive report for allele distribution in the Singapore population for these 15 microsatellite markers commonly used in forensic science.

Deciphering diversity in populations of various linguistic and ethnic affiliations of different geographical regions of India: Analysis based on 15 microsatellite markers

The extent of genetic polymorphism at fifteen autosomal microsatellite markers in 54 ethnically, linguistically and geographically diverse human populations of India was studied to decipher intrapopulation diversity. The parameters used to quantify intrapopulation diversity were average allele diversity, average heterozygosity, allele range (base pairs), and number of alleles. Multilocus genotype frequencies calculated for selected populations were utilized for testing conformity with the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The exact test values, after Bonferroni correction, showed significant deviation amongst Gowda (vWA, Penta E); Dhangar, Satnami and Gounder (D8S1179); Hmar (FGA); Kuki and Balti (vWA) groups. Relatively low number of alleles and allelic diversity (base-pairs size) had been observed in populations of central India as compared with southern and northern regions of the country. The communities of Indo-Caucasoid ethnic origin and Indo-European linguistic family (Kshatriya of Uttar Pradesh) showed highest allelic diversity, as well as rare alleles, not reported in any other Indian populations. Analysis based on average heterozygosity was also found to be lowest among the populations of central India (0.729) and highest among the populations from north (0.777) and west (0.784) regions of the country, having Indo-Caucasoid ethnic origin and Austro-Asiatic linguistic affiliation. The maximum power of discrimination (85%-89%) had been observed at loci FGA, Penta E, D18S51 and D21S11, suggested high intrapopulation diversity in India. Genetic diversity revealed by STR markers was consistent with the known demographic histories of populations. Thus, the present study clearly demonstrated that the intrapopulation diversity is not only present at the national level, but also within smaller geographical regions of the country. This is the first attempt to understand the extent of diversity within populations of India at such a large scale at genomic level.