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Yoshimoto K, Murata K, Yoshikawa N, Maeda K, Mori A, Urashige Y, Murakami K, Hatakenaka K, Hiraga Y, Namera A, Nagao M. Neural dysfunctions following experimental permanent occlusions of bilateral common carotid arteries cause an increase of rat voluntary alcohol drinking behavior. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 51:101875. [PMID: 33839542 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that ischemic animal models treated with a respiratory inhibitor, rotenon, show an increased voluntary alcohol intake. Although it is clear that ischemic brain, as a result of reduced-blood flow, shows pathological events and/or neuro-degenerations apparently, little is known of causal relationship between the mechanism of neural dysfunction and voluntary alcohol consumption. Authors have investigated effects of permanent two-vessel occlusion (p2VO) on rat voluntary alcohol drinking behavior. In first experiment the p2VO-treated rats showed an increase of voluntary alcohol drinking behavior, as compared with sham controls. Using brain microdialysis technique, increases of only nucleus accumbens (ACC) dopamine (DA) releases were suppressed in the p2VO-treated rats significantly, following the high K+ (40 mM) perfusion through the microdialysis probe membrane. Alcohol (200 mM) perfusion-induced DA and serotonin (5-HT) releases in the ACC of the p2VO-treated rats were suppressed significantly in the second experiment, as compared with the sham-treated rats. In third experiment p2VO-treated rats showed significant decreases of the contents of DA, not 5-HT, in the ACC, caudate-putamen (C/P), ventral tegmental area-substantia nigra (VT/SN) and lateral hypothalamus (LH). Dopaminergic neurons in the ACC showed more functional vulnerability against the p2VO treatments, as compared with the serotonergic neurons. An increase of alcohol intake in the p2VO-treated rats means the compensation for the neural degeneration of the dopaminergic system in the ACC consisted brain rewarding system. It was likely suggested that neural disturbance of higher functions involved with incomplete global brain ischemia leads the risk of an abnormal alcohol drinking in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Yoshimoto
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Murata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naotaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Maeda
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Urashige
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Murakami
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hatakenaka
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Hiraga
- Department of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Saeki-ku, 731-5193 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Namera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Nagao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan
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Jamal M, Ameno K, Ameno S, Okada N, Ijiri I. In vivo study of salsolinol produced by a high concentration of acetaldehyde in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of free-moving rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27:79S-84S. [PMID: 12960514 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000078617.33026.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salsolinol, a neuropharmacologically active compound, is formed by the condensation of acetaldehyde (AcH) with dopamine (DA) in the brain. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of a high concentration of AcH on salsolinol formation and to compare the release of DA, serotonin (5-HT), and salsolinol in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in free-moving rats. METHODS After the insertion of a microdialysis probe, male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were treated with cyanamide (CY, a potent aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor) + ethanol (EtOH), CY + 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP, a strong alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) + EtOH, 4-MP + EtOH, CY, and 4-MP. Simultaneous quantitation of DA, 5-HT, and salsolinol in dialysates was performed by using in vivo microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector and blood EtOH and AcH by using a head-space gas chromatographic method. RESULTS Salsolinol was detected only in the CY + EtOH groups in both the striatum and NAc, and we also detected a high AcH concentration in the blood in those groups. A correlation was found between the dialysate levels of salsolinol and blood concentrations of AcH. The striatal levels of DA and 5-HT were approximately two times higher, whereas salsolinol levels were approximately three times higher compared with the usual level in the NAc. No significant difference of DA and 5-HT levels in the dialysates was observed in either the control or the other study groups. CONCLUSION Our observation suggested that the brain salsolinol formation may depend on the concentrations of DA and AcH in freely moving rats, and there is no effect of a high concentration of AcH on DA and 5-HT levels in the striatum and NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa Jamal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa Medical University, Ikenobe, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, Japan.
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