Rapid preparation of SNP multiplexes utilising universal reporter primers and their detection by gel electrophoresis and microfabricated arrays

Recent advances in forensic genetics

Like many applications of molecular diagnostics, the field of forensic biology is undergoing a phase of expansion and diversification. The growth of forensic DNA databases and adoption of sophisticated analytical methods have catalyzed this increasing role. The range of molecular markers exploited in the fight against crime is beginning to increase too, and genes implying personal or physical characteristics are emerging in the research literature. However, the operational context of forensic biology is unlike many other fields of science. Harmonizing technological breakthroughs with the requirements of law enforcement agencies and the complexities of the legal system is an added challenge and one which evokes ongoing debate. This review examines the current status of this dynamic and important application of modern genetics.

A new method for human ABO genotyping using a universal reporter primer system

We developed a new method for forensic ABO genotyping based on a universal reporter primer (URP) system. This allows for the simultaneous detection of six single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the ABO gene (nucleotide positions 261, 297, 526, 703, 796, and 803). This URP system provides obvious peaks, ranging from 82 to 151 bp in length. ABO genotypes were classified and successfully genotyped by our method, including minor alleles that may cause a discrepancy between the genetic data and serological phenotypes. Full profiles were identified using as little as 0.1 ng (0.05 ng ⁄ reaction) of standard K562 and 9947A DNA. Moreover, the success rate of genotyping from a URP system was much higher than that from a conventional primer extension method in degraded DNA. This method enables simple and rapid detection of multiple SNP sites on human ABO genes and is highly specific and sensitive when using limited and degraded DNA.