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Kovacevic L, Tambets K, Ilumäe AM, Kushniarevich A, Yunusbayev B, Solnik A, Bego T, Primorac D, Skaro V, Leskovac A, Jakovski Z, Drobnic K, Tolk HV, Kovacevic S, Rudan P, Metspalu E, Marjanovic D. Standing at the gateway to Europe--the genetic structure of Western balkan populations based on autosomal and haploid markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105090. [PMID: 25148043 PMCID: PMC4141785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary inhabitants of the Balkan Peninsula belong to several ethnic groups of diverse cultural background. In this study, three ethnic groups from Bosnia and Herzegovina - Bosniacs, Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Serbs - as well as the populations of Serbians, Croatians, Macedonians from the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegrins and Kosovars have been characterized for the genetic variation of 660 000 genome-wide autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms and for haploid markers. New autosomal data of the 70 individuals together with previously published data of 20 individuals from the populations of the Western Balkan region in a context of 695 samples of global range have been analysed. Comparison of the variation data of autosomal and haploid lineages of the studied Western Balkan populations reveals a concordance of the data in both sets and the genetic uniformity of the studied populations, especially of Western South-Slavic speakers. The genetic variation of Western Balkan populations reveals the continuity between the Middle East and Europe via the Balkan region and supports the scenario that one of the major routes of ancient gene flows and admixture went through the Balkan Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Kovacevic
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Kristiina Tambets
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alena Kushniarevich
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Bayazit Yunusbayev
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, RAS, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia
| | - Anu Solnik
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tamer Bego
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo; Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | | | - Andreja Leskovac
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zlatko Jakovski
- Institute for forensic medicine, criminology and and medical deontology, Medical Faculty, University of St. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, F.Y.R of Macedonia
| | - Katja Drobnic
- National forensic laboratory, Ministry of the Interior, Slovenia
| | - Helle-Viivi Tolk
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Croatian Academy of Science and Art, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre and Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Damir Marjanovic
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University Center of Forensic Science, Split, Croatia
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Álvarez-Iglesias V, Mosquera-Miguel A, Cerezo M, Quintáns B, Zarrabeitia MT, Cuscó I, Lareu MV, García Ó, Pérez-Jurado L, Carracedo Á, Salas A. New population and phylogenetic features of the internal variation within mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup R0. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5112. [PMID: 19340307 PMCID: PMC2660437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND R0 embraces the most common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineage in West Eurasia, namely, haplogroup H (approximately 40%). R0 sub-lineages are badly defined in the control region and therefore, the analysis of diagnostic coding region polymorphisms is needed in order to gain resolution in population and medical studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We sequenced the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of 518 individuals from different North Iberian regions. The mtDNAs belonging to R0 (approximately 57%) were further genotyped for a set of 71 coding region SNPs characterizing major and minor branches of R0. We found that the North Iberian Peninsula shows moderate levels of population stratification; for instance, haplogroup V reaches the highest frequency in Cantabria (north-central Iberia), but lower in Galicia (northwest Iberia) and Catalonia (northeast Iberia). When compared to other European and Middle East populations, haplogroups H1, H3 and H5a show frequency peaks in the Franco-Cantabrian region, declining from West towards the East and South Europe. In addition, we have characterized, by way of complete genome sequencing, a new autochthonous clade of haplogroup H in the Basque country, named H2a5. Its coalescence age, 15.6+/-8 thousand years ago (kya), dates to the period immediately after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In contrast to other H lineages that experienced re-expansion outside the Franco-Cantabrian refuge after the LGM (e.g. H1 and H3), H2a5 most likely remained confined to this area till present days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Álvarez-Iglesias
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana Mosquera-Miguel
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Maria Cerezo
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Quintáns
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), and Ciber de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Ivon Cuscó
- Unidad de Genética, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and U735 CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Lareu
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Pérez-Jurado
- Unidad de Genética, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and U735 CIBER de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Programa de Medicina Molecular y Genética, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), and Ciber de enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal and Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica y Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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Loogväli EL, Roostalu U, Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Kivisild T, Metspalu E, Tambets K, Reidla M, Tolk HV, Parik J, Pennarun E, Laos S, Lunkina A, Golubenko M, Barac L, Pericic M, Balanovsky OP, Gusar V, Khusnutdinova EK, Stepanov V, Puzyrev V, Rudan P, Balanovska EV, Grechanina E, Richard C, Moisan JP, Chaventré A, Anagnou NP, Pappa KI, Michalodimitrakis EN, Claustres M, Gölge M, Mikerezi I, Usanga E, Villems R. Disuniting uniformity: a pied cladistic canvas of mtDNA haplogroup H in Eurasia. Mol Biol Evol 2004; 21:2012-21. [PMID: 15254257 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msh209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been often stated that the overall pattern of human maternal lineages in Europe is largely uniform. Yet this uniformity may also result from an insufficient depth and width of the phylogenetic analysis, in particular of the predominant western Eurasian haplogroup (Hg) H that comprises nearly a half of the European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) pool. Making use of the coding sequence information from 267 mtDNA Hg H sequences, we have analyzed 830 mtDNA genomes, from 11 European, Near and Middle Eastern, Central Asian, and Altaian populations. In addition to the seven previously specified subhaplogroups, we define fifteen novel subclades of Hg H present in the extant human populations of western Eurasia. The refinement of the phylogenetic resolution has allowed us to resolve a large number of homoplasies in phylogenetic trees of Hg H based on the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) of mtDNA. As many as 50 out of 125 polymorphic positions in HVS-I were found to be mutated in more than one subcluster of Hg H. The phylogeographic analysis revealed that sub-Hgs H1*, H1b, H1f, H2a, H3, H6a, H6b, and H8 demonstrate distinct phylogeographic patterns. The monophyletic subhaplogroups of Hg H provide means for further progress in the understanding of the (pre)historic movements of women in Eurasia and for the understanding of the present-day genetic diversity of western Eurasians in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Liis Loogväli
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
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