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Adhikari RP, Mohamed Sheik Tharik A, Meyyanathan SN. Mini Review on Forced Degradation Studies on Anti-Epileptic Drugs and Beyond. J Chromatogr Sci 2022:6671202. [PMID: 35980304 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review on the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs and the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods for drug substances and products at a condition more severe than accelerated condition (i.e. 40 ± 2°C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity), the drug substance and drug product undergo degradation is known as forced or stress degradation. To know about the impurities developed during the storage of drug products in various environmental conditions. The limit of degradation allowable is 5-20%. More than 20% of degradation is abnormal and must be investigated. Any regulatory guidelines do not mention the pH conditions for acid or base hydrolysis, the temperature for thermal degradation or the concentration of the oxidation agent. Only International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1B photostability stability and states that light sources must be a combination of UV and visible light. The shortcomings of mentioned techniques with appreciation to regulatory necessities are highlighted. A systematic method for the forced degradation studies on anti-epileptic drugs such as "Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lacosamide, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam and Zonisamide" is discussed. This review helps researchers to get an idea about stability-indicating methods of development and validation for newer antiepileptic drugs and the characteristics of drug products that degrade under specific degradation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra Prasad Adhikari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Mohamed Sheik Tharik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S N Meyyanathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nimesulide Determination on Carbon Black-Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Means of Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAdsorptive Stripping Voltammetric method for Nimesulide (NIM) determination was developed. As a working electrode, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carbon black and Nafion (CB-Nafion GCE) was used. All measurements were carried out in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.6). Conducted experiments allowed to optimize differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) instrumental parameters: sampling and waiting time ts = tw = 10 ms, step potential Es = 4 mV, and pulse amplitude ΔE = 50 mV. The best results were obtained for preconcentration potential and time equal to 400 mV and 20 s, respectively. Limit of detection was calculated and was equal to 0.14 µM for 20-s preconcentration time and 0.06 µM for 40-s preconcentration time. In order to prove the applicability of the developed method, concentration of nimesulide in pharmaceutical products was determined. Calculated recoveries were in the range 94–99%, which indicates that the method might be assumed as accurate. Coefficient of variation was equal to 5.0% (n = 7, NIM concentration 1 µM) Obtained results of NIM determination were in good agreement with the content declared by producers.
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Sharma T, Kaur Khurana R, Borges B, Kaur R, Katare O, Singh B. An HPTLC densitometric method for simultaneous quantification of sorafenib tosylate and chrysin: Analytical method development, validation and applications. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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4
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Moscoso R, Álvarez-Lueje A, Squella J. Nanostructured interfaces containing MWCNT and nitro aromatics: A new tool to determine Nimesulide. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Analytical quality risk management and DoE based development of robust chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of tizanidine hydrochloride and nimesulide in their combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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6
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Syakila RN, Lim SM, Agatonovic-Kustrin S, Lim FT, Ramasamy K. In vitro assessment of pediococci- and lactobacilli-induced cholesterol-lowering effect using digitally enhanced high-performance thin-layer chromatography and confocal microscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1181-1192. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Nagulakonda NVVSSNM, Ananthula RS, Susarla KPC, Krishnamurthy T, Gollapalli NR. Quantification and In Silico Toxicity Assessment of Nimesulide and its Related Substances. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:508-517. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pillai D, Pandita N. Validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for the quantification of bioactive marker compounds in Draksharishta, an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dewani A, Dabhade S, Bakal R, Gadewar C, Chandewar A, Patra S. Development and validation of a novel RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, caffeine, cetirizine and nimesulide in tablet formulation. ARAB J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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10
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Minz S, Kaurav M, Sahu KK, Mandal V, Pandey RS. Development and validation of TLC-densitometric method for determination of lipid A adjuvant as a bulk and in solid fat nanoemulsions. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1473-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Minz
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences; Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya; Bilaspur C.G. 495009 India
| | - Monika Kaurav
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences; Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya; Bilaspur C.G. 495009 India
| | - Kantrol Kumar Sahu
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences; Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya; Bilaspur C.G. 495009 India
| | - Vivekananda Mandal
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences; Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya; Bilaspur C.G. 495009 India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pandey
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences; Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya; Bilaspur C.G. 495009 India
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Bedi RS, Gauttam VK, Kalia AN. Development and validation of high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for determination of vicine in herbal extract and formulation. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Determination of nimesulide in pharmaceutical and biological samples by a spectrophotometric method assisted with the partial least square method. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zacharis CK, Tzanavaras PD. HPLC Separation of Nimesulide and Five Impurities using a Narrow-Bore Monolithic Column: Application to Photo-Degradation Studies. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-010-1876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Milenović DM, Todorović ZB. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for analysis of nimesulide residues on manufacturing equipment surfaces. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.21.2009.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kilinc E, Aydin F. Stability-indicating HPTLC analysis of flurbiprofen in pharmaceutical dosage forms. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.5.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Silva KGH, Júnior FHX, Farias IEG, Silva AKA, Neto JAC, Souza LCA, Santiago RR, Júnior FA, Júnior TN, Soares LAL, Santos-Magalhães NS, Egito EST. Stationary cuvette: a new approach to obtaining analytical curves by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2009; 20:265-271. [PMID: 19333915 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations in the field of pharmaceutical analysis and quality control of medicines require analytical procedures that achieve suitable performance. An analytical curve is one of the most important steps in the chemical analysis presenting a direct relationship to features such as linearity. OBJECTIVE This study has the aim of developing a new methodology, the stationary cuvette, to derive analytical curves by spectroscopy for drug analysis. METHODOLOGY The method consists basically of the use of a cuvette with a path length of 10 cm, containing a constant volume of solvent in which increasing amounts of a stock solution of the sample are added, droplet by droplet. After each addition, the cuvette is stirred and the absorbance is measured. This procedure was compared with the currently used methodology, which requires a labour-intensive dilution process, and possible sources of variation between them were evaluated. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the proposed technique presented high sensitivity and similar reproducibility compared with the conventional methodology. In addition, a number of advantages were observed, such as user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, accuracy, precision and robustness. CONCLUSION The stationary cuvette approach may be considered to be an appropriate alternative to derive analytical curves for analysing drug content in raw materials and medicines through UV-VIS spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G H Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brazil
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Kilinc E, Gumgum B, Hamamci C, Aydin F. Stability-indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic determination of sulfanilamide in human urine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Separation and determination of nimesulide related substances for quality control purposes by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Chandran S, Ravi P, Jadhav PR, Saha RN. A Simple, Rapid, and Validated LC Method for the Estimation of Nimesulide in Human Serum and Its Application in Bioavailability Studies. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802352480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Kumar V, Mukherjee K, Kumar S, Mal M, Mukherjee PK. Validation of HPTLC method for the analysis of taraxerol in Clitoria ternatea. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008; 19:244-250. [PMID: 17994532 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new, simple, sensitive, selective and precise HPTLC method has been developed for the determination of taraxerol in Clitoria ternatea L. Determination of taraxerol was performed on TLC aluminium plates. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with hexane and ethyl acetate (80:20 v/v). The plate was then dried and sprayed with anisaldehyde reagent. A Camag TLC scanner III was used for spectrodensitometric scanning and analysis at 420 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for taraxerol (R(f) 0.53). The calibration plot was linear in the range of 100-1200 ng of taraxerol. The correlation coefficient of 0.9961 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. The concentration of taraxerol was found to be 12.4 mg/g w/w in the hydroalcoholic extract of C. ternatea root. To study the accuracy and precision of the method, recovery studies were performed. Recovery values from 99.65 to 99.74% showed excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method. The limits of detection and quantification were determined to be 31 and 105 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed HPTLC method for quantitative monitoring of taraxerol in C. ternatea can be used for routine quality testing of C. ternatea extract used in Ayurvedic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Kumar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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Dalmora SL, Fronza M, Nogueira DR, Souto RB, Bernardi RM. Simultaneous Determination of Nimesulide and Valdecoxib by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Method. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701588588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Luiz Dalmora
- a Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria‐RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fronza
- a Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria‐RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Rubert Nogueira
- a Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria‐RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bizogne Souto
- a Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria‐RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Martini Bernardi
- a Department of Industrial Pharmacy , Health Science Centre, Federal University of Santa Maria , Santa Maria‐RS, Brazil
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Tzanavaras PD, Themelis DG. Validated high-throughput HPLC assay for nimesulide using a short monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:1483-7. [PMID: 17118614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High samples analysis rate is a key demand in modern pharmaceutical analysis, especially during new product development and validation of industrial-scale manufacturing process. The present study reports a validated HPLC assay for the dissolution studies of nimesulide-containing tablets (Lizepat 100 mg/tab, Cosmopharm Ltd., Korinthos, Greece). Using a 50 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. monolithic column (Chromolith, Merck) and acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 10 mM) (34:66, v/v) as the mobile phase, the separation cycle was completed in 60s at a flow rate of 4.0 ml min(-1). The assay was validated in terms of selectivity against potential impurities of the active ingredient, detection and quantification limits, linearity, accuracy and inter-/intra-day precision. Results from the application of the HPLC method to the accelerated and long-term dissolution stability control of Lizepat tablets (Lot 005) are reported.
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Motwani SK, Khar RK, Ahmad FJ, Chopra S, Kohli K, Talegaonkar S. Application of a validated stability-indicating densitometric thin-layer chromatographic method to stress degradation studies on moxifloxacin. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 582:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang C, Shao X, Liu Q, Qu Q, Yang G, Hu X. Differential pulse voltammetric determination of nimesulide in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum at glassy carbon electrode modified by cysteic acid/CNTs based on electrochemical oxidation of l-cysteine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 42:237-44. [PMID: 16769191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cysteic acid based on electrochemical oxidation of L-cysteine (CySH) to form a novel composite thin film material at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for electroanalytical determination of nimesulide. The determination of nimesulide at the composite modified electrode with strong accumulation of nimesulide was studied by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The peak current obtained at +1.251 V (versus SCE) from DPV was linearly dependent on the nimesulide concentration in the range of 1.0 x 10(-7) -1.0 x 10(-5) M in 0.05 M H(2)SO(4) solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was found to be 5.0 x 10(-8) M. The low-cost modified electrode showed good sensitivity, selectivity, stability and had been applied to the determination of nimesulide in pharmaceutical formulation and human serum samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yongzhou 225002, PR China.
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Chopra S, Ahmad FJ, Khar RK, Motwani SK, Mahdi S, Iqbal Z, Talegaonkar S. Validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for determination of trigonelline in herbal extract and pharmaceutical dosage form. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 577:46-51. [PMID: 17723652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new, simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for analysis of trigonelline was developed and validated for the determination of trigonelline in herbal extracts and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Analysis of trigonelline was performed on TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with mobile phase consisting of n-propanol-methanol-water (4:1:4, v/v/v) at room temperature (25+/-2 degrees C). Camag TLC scanner III was used for spectrodensitometric scanning and analysis in absorbance mode at 269 nm. The system was found to give compact spots for trigonelline (R(f) value of 0.46+/-0.02). The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2=0.9991+/-0.0002 in the concentration range 100-1200 ng spot(-1) with respect to peak area. According to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines the method was validated for precision, recovery, robustness and ruggedness. The limits of detection and quantification were determined. The trigonelline content of herbal extracts quantified and estimated from the formulation was found to be well within limits (+/-5% of the labeled content of the formulations). Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of trigonelline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Motwani SK, Khar RK, Ahmad FJ, Chopra S, Kohli K, Talegaonkar S, Iqbal Z. Stability indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination of gatifloxacin as bulk drug and from polymeric nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 576:253-60. [PMID: 17723640 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2006] [Revised: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, selective, precise and stability indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for determination of gatifloxacin both as a bulk drug and from polymeric nanoparticles was developed and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method employed thin-layer chromatography (TLC) aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of n-propanol-methanol-concentrated ammonia solution (25%) (5:1:0.9, v/v/v). This solvent system was found to give compact spots for gatifloxacin (R(f) value of 0.60+/-0.02). Densitometric analysis of gatifloxacin was carried out in the absorbance mode at 292 nm. The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r=0.9953 with respect to peak area in the concentration range of 400-1200 ng spot(-1). The mean value (+/-S.D.) of slope and intercept were 9.66+/-0.05 and 956.33+/-27.67, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and recovery. The limits of detection and quantitation were 2.73 and 8.27 ng spot(-1), respectively. Gatifloxacin was subjected to acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photodegradation and dry heat treatment. The drug undergoes degradation under acidic and basic conditions and upon wet and dry heat treatment. The degraded products were well separated from the pure drug. The statistical analysis proves that the developed method for quantification of gatifloxacin as bulk drug and from polymeric nanoparticles is reproducible and selective. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be employed as stability-indicating one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K Motwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Hsieh YH, Lin SJ, Chen SH. Simultaneous determination of celecoxib, meloxicam, and rofecoxib using capillary electrophoresis with surfactant and application in drug formulations. J Sep Sci 2006; 29:1009-17. [PMID: 16833234 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple and selective CE using surfactant with UV detection is described for the simultaneous determination of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, celecoxib, meloxicam, and rofecoxib. The simultaneous analysis of celecoxib, meloxicam, and rofecoxib was performed in Tris buffer (10 mM; pH 11) with 60 mM sodium octane-sulfonate and 20% ACN as an anionic surfactant and organic modifier, respectively. Under this condition, good separation with high efficiency and the required short analysis time is achieved. The linear ranges of the method for the determination of celecoxib, meloxicam, and rofecoxib were over 5-100 microg/mL; the detection limits at 200 nm (S/N = 3; injection 3.45 kPa, 5 s) were 2, 1, and 1 microg/mL, respectively. The small amount of sample required and the expeditiousness of the procedure allow content uniformity to be determined in individual pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Nageswara Rao R, Meena S, Raghuram Rao A. An overview of the recent developments in analytical methodologies for determination of COX-2 inhibitors in bulk drugs, pharmaceuticals and biological matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:349-63. [PMID: 16009523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Revised: 03/16/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the instrumental analytical methods which were developed and used for determination of COX-2 inhibitors in bulk drugs, formulations and biological fluids have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 1995 to 2004 during which 138 analytical methods including all types of spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques were reported. HPLC with UV detection was found to be the technique of choice for many workers and more than 100 methods were based on LC and UV. A critical analysis of the reported data has been carried out and the present state-of-art of the analytical techniques for determination of celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, etodolac, nimesulide and meloxicam has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nageswara Rao
- Analytical Division, Discovery Lab, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Rao RN, Meena S, Nagaraju D, Rao ARR. Development and validation of a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for separation and simultaneous determination of COX-2 inhibitors in pharmaceuticals and its application to biological fluids. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:362-8. [PMID: 15627281 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for separation and simultaneous determination of COX-2 inhibitors, viz., celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, nimesulide and nabumetone, using 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline as internal standard. Good chromatographic separation was achieved using a reversed-phase Inertsil C(18) column with mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.05% aqueous glacial acetic acid (68:32 v/v) using photodiode array (PDA) detector at 230 nm. It was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection and quantification. The linearity range was found to be 1.0--20 microg/mL and the percentage recoveries were between 97.55 and 100.14. The method is suitable not only for the estimation of active ingredients in pharmaceutical dosage forms but also in vitro estimations in human plasma. It is simple, rapid, selective and capable of detecting and determining COX-2 inhibitors with a detection limit of 0.127--1.040 microg/mL simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nageswara Rao
- HPLC/UV Group, Division of Analytical Chemistry, Discovery Laboratory, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 50 0007, India.
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Abstract
HPLC and TLC methods for monitoring of the photochemical stability of nimesulide are presented. Solution of nimesulide sodium salt was exposed to the light of wavelengths 254 nm. The presence of degradation products (2-phenoxy4-nitroaniline and methanesulfonic acid) was observed. In the exposed sample, 2-phenoxy4-nitroaniline was detected by HPLC analysis and sulfonic acid was detected by TLC analysis. An isocratic HPLC chromatographic condition was described for determination of nimesulide in a presence of its degradation product. The sample was analysed on Separon SGX, C(18), 250 x 4.6 i.d. 7 microm analytical column. The mobile phase was consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile and ammonium phosphate (pH 7.9; 0.02 M) (35:65 v/v). UV detector was performed at 245 nm. Propylparaben was employed as an internal standard. Standard area response was linear respect to concentration of nimesulide over range 150-500 microg/ml. As a validation of the method, the accuracy and between-day precision were done. The detection limit of 2-phenoxy4-nitroaniline was 0.12 microg/ml. The solvent system for TLC analysis was consisted of ethylacetate and cyclohexane (45:55), the samples were plotted on silica gel UV-254 nm. UV lamp (254 nm) and the chemical detection were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kovaríková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Bakshi M, Singh S. Development of validated stability-indicating assay methods--critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1011-40. [PMID: 12049968 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This write-up provides a review on the development of validated stability-indicating assay methods (SIAMs) for drug substances and products. The shortcomings of reported methods with respect to regulatory requirements are highlighted. A systematic approach for the development of stability-indicating methods is discussed. Critical issues related to development of SIAMs, such as separation of all degradation products, establishment of mass balance, stress testing of formulations, development of SIAMs for combination products, etc. are also addressed. The applicability of pharmacopoeial methods for the analysis of stability samples is discussed. The requirements of SIAMs for stability study of biotechnological substances and products are also touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bakshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, Mohali, India
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