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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang W, Li X, Zhang T. Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine and Its Metabolite Desloratadine in Beagle Plasma by LC-MS/MS and Application for Pharmacokinetics Study of Loratadine Tablets and Omeprazole‑Induced Drug-Drug Interaction. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 15:5109-5122. [PMID: 34992347 PMCID: PMC8711562 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s328106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loratadine (LTD) is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System II basic drug with pH-sensitive aqueous solubility and dissolution is a speed-limiting step of its absorption. The drug dissolution and the gastrointestinal tract pH conditions are likely to influence the in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior of LTD tablets. Materials and Method A rapid, sensitive, and reliable bioanalytical method for simultaneous quantitation of LTD and its active metabolite desloratadine (DL) in beagle plasma was developed and validated based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation in low plasma consumption was accomplished by liquid–liquid extraction. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Kinetex C8 column using acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate as the mobile phase. A comparative pharmacokinetics study of three LTD tablets with different dissolution rates was conducted in male beagles in fasting state and an omeprazole-induced drug–drug interaction (DDI) study was subsequently performed under pretreatment of omeprazole. Results and Conclusion The method showed a good linear correlation over the concentration ranges of 0.008–24 ng/mL for LTD and 0.8–800 ng/mL for DL, and was successfully applied to analyze the two compounds in beagle plasma. Pharmacokinetic results showed in the fasting state the three LTD tablets were equivalent in beagles in terms of effective components. DL of the three tablets were equivalent, indicating metabolite was less susceptible to pharmaceutic preparation factors for LTD tablets in beagles. Moreover, significant changes in LTD and DL pharmacokinetics parameters were observed under the effect of omeprazole-induced pH increase in gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that DDI effects are of concern for the curative effect of LTD when combined with omeprazole. The findings will contribute to the future pharmaceutical preparations research as well as the clinical application of LTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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Sebaiy MM, Ziedan NI. Developing a High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Determination of Loratadine and its Metabolite Desloratadine in Human Plasma. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:1053-1059. [PMID: 31774044 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191125095648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are considered as the major burden on public health with increased prevalence globally. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are the foremost commonly used drugs in the treatment of allergic disorders. The target drug in this study, loratadine, belongs to this class of drugs and its biometabolite desloratadine which is also a non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist with anti-histaminic activity being 2.5 to 4 times greater than loratadine. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel isocratic Reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous separation and determination of loratadine and its metabolite, desloratadine in human plasma. METHODS The drug extraction method from plasma was based on protein precipitation technique. The separation was carried out on a Thermo Scientific BDS Hypersil C18 column (5μm, 250 x 4.60 mm) in a mobile phase of MeOH: 0.025M KH2PO4 adjusted to pH 3.50 using orthophosphoric acid (85: 15, v/v) at an ambient temperature. The flow rate was maintained at 1 mL/min and maximum absorption was measured using the PDA detector at 248 nm. RESULTS The retention times of loratadine and desloratadine in plasma samples were recorded to be 4.10 and 5.08 minutes, respectively, indicating a short analysis time. Limits of detection were found to be 1.80 and 1.97 ng/mL for loratadine and desloratadine, respectively, showing a high degree of sensitivity of the method. The method was then validated according to FDA guidelines for the determination of the two analytes in human plasma. CONCLUSION The results obtained indicate that the proposed method is rapid, sensitive in the nanogram range, accurate, selective, robust and reproducible compared to other reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sebaiy
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, United Kingdom
| | - Noha I Ziedan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, United Kingdom
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Belal F, Abd El-Razeq S, El-Awady M, Zayed S, Barghash S. Rapid micellar HPLC analysis of loratadine and its major metabolite desloratadine in nano-concentration range using monolithic column and fluorometric detection: application to pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Chem Cent J 2016. [PMCID: PMC5395507 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loratadine is a commonly used selective non-sedating antihistaminic drug. Desloratadine is the active metabolite of loratadine and, in addition, a potential impurity in loratadine bulk powder stated by the United States Pharmacopeia as a related substance of loratadine. Published methods for the determination of both analytes suffer from limited throughput due to the time-consuming steps and tedious extraction procedures needed for the analysis of biological samples. Therefore, there is a strong demand to develop a simple rapid and sensitive analytical method that can detect and quantitate both analytes in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids without prior sample extraction steps. Results A highly-sensitive and time-saving micellar liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of loratadine and desloratadine. The proposed method is the first analytical method for the determination of this mixture using a monolithic column with a mobile phase composed of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% n-Butanol and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid, adjusted to pH 3.5 and pumped at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The eluted analytes are monitored with fluorescence detection at 440 nm after excitation at 280 nm. The developed method is linear over the concentration range of 20.0–200.0 ng/mL for both analytes. The method detection limits are 15.0 and 13.0 ng/mL and the limits of quantification are 20.0 and 18.0 ng/mL for loratadine and desloratadine, respectively. Validation of the developed method reveals an accuracy of higher than 97% and intra- and inter-day precisions with relative standard deviations not exceeding 2%. Conclusions The method can be successfully applied to the determination of both analytes in various matrices including pharmaceutical preparations, human urine, plasma and breast milk samples with a run-time of less than 5 min and without prior extraction procedures. The method is ideally suited for use in quality control laboratories. Moreover, it could be a simple time-saving alternative to the official pharmacopeial method for testing desloratadine as a potential impurity in loratadine bulk powder.Typical chromatogram of loratadine and its major metabolite desloratadine using the proposed micellar HPLC method ![]()
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Katselou M, Papoutsis I, Nikolaou P, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S. Bioanalysis of antihistamines for clinical or forensic purposes. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Katselou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Ioannis Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Panagiota Nikolaou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Chara Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
| | - Sotiris Athanaselis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
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LC-ESI-MS/MS estimation of loratadine-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems in rat plasma: Pharmacokinetic evaluation and computer simulations by GastroPlus™. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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El-Kommos ME, El-Gizawy SM, Atia NN, Hosny NM. Analysis for commonly prescribed non-sedating antihistamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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El-Awady M, Belal F, Pyell U. Robust analysis of the hydrophobic basic analytes loratadine and desloratadine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids by sweeping—cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1309:64-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Walash MI, Belal F, El-Enany N, Eid M, El-Shaheny RN. Stability-indicating micelle-enhanced spectrofluorimetric method for determination of loratadine and desloratadine in dosage forms. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 26:670-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; 35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - F. Belal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; 35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - N. El-Enany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; 35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - M. Eid
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; 35516; Mansoura; Egypt
| | - R. N. El-Shaheny
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Mansoura; 35516; Mansoura; Egypt
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Bioanalytical hydrophilic interaction chromatography: recent challenges, solutions and applications. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:239-53. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has, in recent years, been shown to be an important supplement to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for polar analytes. HILIC, in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), has been steadily gaining acceptance in the analysis of polar compounds from complex biological matrices. This hyphenated technique offers the advantages of improved sensitivity by employing high organic content in the mobile phase, shortened sample preparation time with direct injection of the organic-solvent extracts of biological samples and the potential for ultra-fast analysis because of low-column backpressure. This article reviews recent challenges presented by HILIC, advancements in the better understanding of retention characteristics of analytes with different mobile- and stationary-phase compositions and solutions to ion suppression and interference problems encountered in HILIC–MS/MS assays. Applications of HILIC–MS/MS are summarized, including those for pharmacokinetic studies, metabolic studies, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical diagnostics.
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Apostolou C, Kousoulos C, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. Comparison of hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the determination of three pharmaceuticals in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hsieh Y. Potential of HILIC-MS in quantitative bioanalysis of drugs and drug metabolites. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1481-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Srinubabu G, Patel RS, Shedbalkar VP, Rao AA, Rao MN, Bandaru VVR. Development and validation of high-throughput liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method for simultaneous quantification of loratadine and desloratadine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 860:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Natishan TK. Recent Developments of Achiral HPLC Methods in Pharmaceuticals Using Various Detection Modes. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Natishan
- a Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , RY818‐C215, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey , 07065 , USA
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Sora DI, Udrescu S, David V, Medvedovici A. Validated ion pair liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection method for assessing the variability of the loratadine metabolism occurring in bioequivalence studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:1023-9. [PMID: 17497754 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inter- and intra-individual variability of the loratadine (LOR) metabolism in Caucasian subjects was assessed during a bioequivalence study for two pharmaceutical formulations (solid oral dosage forms) containing 10 mg of the active substance. The analytical data were obtained by applying a reliable, low-cost and sensitive ion pair liquid chromatography/fluorescence (IPLC/FLD) method for determination of both loratadine and descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL) in human plasma samples. The sample preparation procedure is based on liquid-liquid extraction of the target analytes from alkalinized plasma using diethyl-ether. The separation of the analytes and 8-chloroazatadine as internal standard (IS) was achieved through an isocratic ion pair (IP) elution on a Purospher((R)) STAR RP-18 column. The mobile phase containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as ion pairing agent was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Fluorescence detection (FLD) was achieved at 280 nm (excitation) and 440 nm (emission) wavelengths. The increased sensitivity of the method is also based on a large sample injected volume (250 microL). Linear response was found over the 0.5-20 ng/mL concentration interval for both target compounds. Low limits of quantification (LLOQ) around 0.3 ng/mL were found for LOR and DCL. Method validation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iuliana Sora
- SC Labormed Pharma S.A., Splaiul Independentei no. 319 E, Bucharest 060044, Romania
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Vlase L, Imre S, Muntean D, Leucuta SE. Determination of loratadine and its active metabolite in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 44:652-7. [PMID: 16962733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new sensitive and selective liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for quantification of loratadine (LOR) and its active metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DSL) in human plasma was validated. After addition of the internal standard, metoclopramide, the human plasma samples (0.3 ml) were precipitated using acetonitrile (0.75 ml) and the centrifuged supernatants were partially evaporated under nitrogen at 37 degrees C at approximately 0.3 ml volume. The LOR, DSL and internal standard were separated on a reversed phase column (Zorbax SB-C18, 100 mmx3.0 mm i.d., 3.5 microm) under isocratic conditions using a mobile phase of an 8:92(v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and 0.4% (v/v) formic acid in water. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and the column temperature 45 degrees C. The detection of LOR, DSL and internal standard was in MRM mode using an ion trap mass spectrometer with electrospray positive ionisation. The ion transitions were monitored as follows: 383-->337 for LOR, 311-->(259+294+282) for DSL and 300-->226.8 for internal standard. Calibration curves were generated over the range of 0.52-52.3 ng/ml for both LOR and DSL with values for coefficient of determination greater than 0.994 by using a weighted (1/y) quadratic regression. The lower limits of quantification were established at 0.52 ng/ml LOR and DSL, respectively, with an accuracy and precision less than 20%. Both analytes demonstrated good short-term, long-term, post-preparative and freeze-thaw stability. Besides its simplicity, the sample treatment allows obtaining a very good recovery of both analytes, around 100%. The validated LC/MS/MS method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study of loratadine tablets on healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurian Vlase
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Emil Isac 13, RO-400023, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Xue YJ, Liu J, Unger S. A 96-well single-pot liquid–liquid extraction, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the determination of muraglitazar in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 41:979-88. [PMID: 16533587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A single-pot liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of muraglitazar, a hydrophobic diabetes drug, in human plasma. To 0.050 ml of each plasma sample in a 96-well plate, the internal standard solution in acetonitrile and toluene were added to extract the compound of interest. The plate was vortexed, followed by centrifugation. The organic layer was then directly injected into an LC/MS/MS system. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on a Thermohypersil_Keystone, Hypersil silica column (3 mmx50 mm, 3 microm). The mobile phase contained 85% of methyl t-butyl ether and 15% of 90/10 (v/v) acetonitrile/water with 0.3% trifluoroacetic acid. Post-column mobile phase of 50/50 (v/v) acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% formic acid was added. Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a Sciex API 4000. The standard curve, ranged from 1 to 1000 ng/ml, was fitted to a 1/x weighted quadratic regression model. This single-pot LLE approach effectively eliminated time-consuming organic layer transfer, dry-down, and sample reconstitution steps, which are essential for a conventional liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The modified mobile phase was more compatible with the direct injection of the commonly used extraction solvents in LLE. Furthermore, the modified mobile phase improved the retention of muraglitazar, a hydrophobic compound, on the normal phase silica column. The validation results demonstrated that this method was rugged and suitable for analyzing muraglitazar in human plasma. In comparison with a revised-phase LC/MS/MS method, this single-pot LLE, HILIC/MS/MS method improved the detection sensitivity by more than four-fold based upon the LLOQ signal to noise ratio. This approach may be applied to other hydrophobic compounds with proper modification of the mobile phase compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Xue
- Preclinical Candidate Optimization, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
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Sun J, Wang G, Wang W, Zhao S, Gu Y, Zhang J, Huang M, Shao F, Li H, Zhang Q, Xie H. Simultaneous determination of loratadine and pseudoephedrine sulfate in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:217-24. [PMID: 15953705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To support the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study of an extended-release loratadine (LOR)/pseudoephedrine sulfate (PES) tablet, a high performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometric method (LC-MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of LOR and PES in human plasma. Diazepam (DP) and phenylpropanolamine (PPA) were used as internal standards for LOR and PES, respectively. Analytes were extracted from alkalized human plasma by liquid/liquid extraction using ethyl ether. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ODS column at flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The total chromatographic run time was 10.5 min with the retention time of 7.1 min and 6.2 min for LOR and DP, respectively, and 2.2 min for both of PES and PPA. The LOQ was 10 pg/ml and 50 pg/ml for LOR and PES, respectively. The method is accurate and precise enough for its intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Sun
- Center of Pharmacokinetics, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Naidong W. Bioanalytical liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods on underivatized silica columns with aqueous/organic mobile phases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 796:209-24. [PMID: 14581062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes the recent progress on bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods using underivatized silica columns and aqueous/organic mobile phases. Various types of polar analytes were extracted by using protein precipitation (PP), liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) and were then analyzed using LC-MS/MS on the silica columns. Use of silica columns and aqueous/organic mobile phases could significantly enhance LC-MS/MS method sensitivity, due to the high organic content in the mobile phase. Thanks to the very low backpressure generated from the silica column with low aqueous/high organic mobile phases, LC-MS/MS methods at high flow rates are feasible, resulting in significant timesaving. Because organic solvents have weaker eluting strength than water, direct injection of the organic solvent extracts from the reversed-phase solid-phase extraction onto the silica column was possible. Gradient elution on the silica columns using aqueous/organic mobile phases was also demonstrated. Contrary to what is commonly perceived, the silica column demonstrated superior column stability. This technology can be a valuable supplement to the reversed-phase LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Naidong
- Covance Laboratories Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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