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Zhou D, Wang Q, Lan Z, Chen Y, Peng Z, Zhang L, Liu Y. Liquid-crystal-based fiber laser sensor for non-invasive gas detection. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4508-4511. [PMID: 37656540 DOI: 10.1364/ol.489552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports a new optical fiber gas sensor for measuring breath acetone. The sensor is based on photonic bandgap (PBG) mode laser emission sensing technology using liquid crystal (LC), which is combined with silica fiber and chiral nematic liquid crystal (CNLC), thus providing an ultra-compact, fast-response and simple-to-produce sensing system with a fast response that can accurately and quantitatively determine the concentration of respiratory acetone within the normal oral temperature range (35-38°C). Since LCs are affected by temperature, we propose a method that eliminates the influence of the temperature to solve the problem of the temperature influence when measuring gas. The detection of acetone leads to splitting of the dual laser peaks, with a linear correlation of 0.99. The sensor has a limit of detection of 65 ppm for acetone vapor and thus is suitable for breath acetone detection in diabetic patients.
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Tsunemi S, Nakamura Y, Yokota K, Nakagawa T, Tsukiyama H, Kubo Y, Oyanagi T, Takemoto A, Nagai Y, Tanaka Y, Sone M. Correlation between blood ketones and exhaled acetone measured with a semiconducting gas sensor. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35868249 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breath acetone (BrAce) has been reported to be useful for monitoring the pathophysiology of patients with diabetes. However, devices that measure BrAce are expensive, complex and uncommon. The FM-001, originally designed to monitor a marker of weight loss in healthy people, is a device for measuring BrAce. The FM-001 is a loading semiconducting gas sensor that is a simple and reusable device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between blood total ketone bodies (TKB) and BrAce measured with the FM-001 in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, through evaluation of that correlation, we sought to detect patients at high risk of developing diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Thirty-five participants (Age 52 [40-57], T2DM 32, T1DM 3) were enrolled. Scatter plots and linear regression lines relating BrAce to TKB and the correlation coefficients were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the cut-off for predicting patients prone to DKA. The results showed that BrAce strongly correlates with TKB (R=0.828), and the correlation was stronger in patients whose serum C-peptide was not low. The optimal BrAce cut-off for predicting risk of developing DKA was 3,400 ppb (AUC 0.924, sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 100%), which corresponds to a TKB ≥ 1,000 µmol/L. BrAce also weakly correlated with free fatty acid. Thus, BrAce levels measured with the FM-001 strongly correlate with TKB, even in patients with diabetes. This suggests the FM-001 is a simple and potentially useful method for detecting diabetic ketosis. (UMIN-ID: UMIN000038086).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tsunemi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Tomoko Nakagawa
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Hidekazu Tsukiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yui Kubo
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Takeshi Oyanagi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Ayaka Takemoto
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Nagai
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1, Kizukisumiyoshi, Nakahara-ku,, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 211-8510, JAPAN
| | - Yasushi Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama General Hospital, 2201-5, Kurogane-cho, Aoba-ku,, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-0025, JAPAN
| | - Masakatsu Sone
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku,, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, JAPAN
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Méndez-Rodríguez KB, Figueroa-Vega N, Ilizaliturri-Hernandez CA, Cardona-Alvarado M, Borjas-García JA, Kornhauser C, Malacara JM, Flores-Ramírez R, Pérez-Vázquez FJ. Identification of metabolic markers in patients with type 2 Diabetes by Ultrafast gas chromatography coupled to electronic nose. A pilot study. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4956. [PMID: 32706910 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a potential tool for the discovery of new biomarkers in the early diagnosis of diseases. An ultra-fast gas chromatography system equipped to an electronic nose detector (FGC eNose) was used to identify the metabolomic profile of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) urine from Mexican population. A cross-sectional, comparative, and clinical study with translational approach was performed. We recruited twenty T2D patients and twenty-one healthy subjects. Urine samples were taken and analyzed by FGC eNose. Eighty-eight compounds were identified through Kovats's indexes. A natural variation of 30% between the metabolites, expressed by study groups, was observed in Principal Component 1 and 2 with a significant difference (p < 0.001). The model, performed through a Canonical Analysis of Principal coordinated (CAP), allowed a correct classification of 84.6% between healthy and T2D patients, with a 15.4% error. The metabolites 2-propenal, 2-propanol, butane- 2,3-dione and 2-methylpropanal, were increased in patients with T2D, and they were strongly correlated with discrimination between clinically healthy people and T2D patients. This study identified metabolites in urine through FGC eNose that can be used as biomarkers in the identification of T2D patients. However, more studies are needed for its implementation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beatriz Méndez-Rodríguez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico
| | - César Arturo Ilizaliturri-Hernandez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Kornhauser
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.,CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACyT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.,CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
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Zhou Q, Wang Q, Chen B, Han Y, Cheng L, Shen Y, Hao P, Zhang Z. Factors influencing breath analysis results in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Breath Res 2019; 13:046012. [PMID: 31489846 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breath analysis is used to detect the composition of exhaled gas. As a quick and non-invasive detection method, breath analysis provides deep insights into the progression of various kinds of diseases, especially those with metabolism disorders. Abundant information on volatile compounds in diabetic patients has been studied in numerous articles in the literature. However, exhaled gas in diabetic patients can be altered by various complications. So far, little attention has been paid to this alteration. In our paper, we found that under air pollution conditions, diabetic patients exhale more nitric oxide. Diabetic patients with heart failure exhale more acetone than those without heart failure. After 13C-labeled glucose intake, patients infected with Helicobacter pylori exhaled more 13C and less 18O than those without infection. Exhalation with chronic kidney disease changes volatile organic compounds on a large scale. Diabetic patients with ketoacidosis exhale more acetone than those without ketoacidosis. Some specific volatile organic compounds also emanate from diabetic feet. By monitoring breath frequency, diabetic patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome exhibit a unique breath pattern and rhythm as compared with other diabetic patients, and sleep apnea is prevalent among diabetic patients. In addition to clinical findings, we analyzed the underlying mechanisms at the levels of molecules, cells and whole bodies, and provided suggestions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, and School of Medicine of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Reinhart J. Early Detection of Diabetic Ketoacidosis by Breathalyzer in a Sailor Reporting for Duty. Mil Med 2019; 184:e951-e952. [DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe medical condition involving the uncontrolled hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis that results from impaired insulin utilization. The biochemical response to insulin resistance or deficiency is a ketotic state in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies for an alternative energy source. Patients in DKA acutely develop severe symptoms, typically over the course of 24–48 hours. Classic symptoms include nausea, vomiting, lethargy, altered mental status, and abdominal pain. As the time course of ketoacidosis is relatively rapid, it is rare to identify a developing case of DKA prior to symptom onset.
In this atypical case, the author presents an asymptomatic 37-year-old active duty male without a history of diabetes, whose DKA detection was inspired by an elevated breathalyzer reading. The Sailor underwent routine breath alcohol analysis per command instruction upon reporting for duty. In the absence of recent alcohol intake, the elevated breathalyzer reading is associated with the Sailor’s metabolic ketoacidosis. Acetone, one of three primary ketone bodies generated in DKA is notable as the cause of the hallmark fruity odor breath of DKA patients. In this case, it is converted to isopropanol, an agent that is detectable by breathalyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Reinhart
- Undersea Medicine Department, Submarine Squadron Eleven, 140 Sylvester Road, San Diego, CA
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Chan K. The response of the Intox EC/IR II to isopropanol and isopropanol/ethanol mixtures. CANADIAN SOCIETY OF FORENSIC SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2018.1491691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chan
- Royal Canadian Mounted Police National Forensic Laboratory Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Dryahina K, Smith D, Bortlík M, Machková N, Lukáš M, Španěl P. Pentane and other volatile organic compounds, including carboxylic acids, in the exhaled breath of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. J Breath Res 2017; 12:016002. [PMID: 28781264 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa8468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A study has been carried out on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the exhaled breath of patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising 136 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 51 with ulcerative colitis (UC), together with a cohort of 14 healthy persons as controls. Breath samples were collected by requesting the patients to inflate Nalophan bags, which were then quantitatively analysed using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Initially, the focus was on n-pentane that had previously been quantified in single exhalations on-line to SIFT-MS for smaller cohorts of IBD patients. It was seen that the median concentration of pentane was elevated in the bag breath samples of the IBD patients compared to those of the healthy controls, in accordance with the previous study. However, the absolute median pentane concentrations in the bag samples were about a factor of two lower than those in the directly analysed single exhalations-a good illustration of the dilution of VOCs in the samples of breath collected into bags. Accounting for this dilution effect, the concentrations of the common breath VOCs, ethanol, propanol, acetone and isoprene, were largely as expected for healthy controls. The concentrations of the much less frequently measured hydrogen sulphide, acetic acid, propanoic acid and butanoic acid were seen to be more widely spread in the exhaled breath of the IBD patients compared to those for the healthy controls. The relative concentrations of pentane and these other VOCs weakly correlate with simple clinical activity indices. It is speculated that, potentially, hydrogen sulphide and these carboxylic acids could be exhaled breath biomarkers of intestinal bacterial overgrowth, which could assist therapeutic intervention and thus alleviate the symptoms of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czechia
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8
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Ruzsányi V, Péter Kalapos M. Breath acetone as a potential marker in clinical practice. J Breath Res 2017; 11:024002. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa66d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Li W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Cheng S, Duan Y. Exhaled isopropanol: new potential biomarker in diabetic breathomics and its metabolic correlations with acetone. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00815e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant findings of acetone (ACE) and isopropanol (IPA) in blood and other biological samples have been reported in diabetic decedents and clinic cases, but exhaled IPA has rarely been studied in breath research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Shouquan Cheng
- 208 Hospital of People's Liberation Army
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment
- Ministry of Education
- College of Life Science
- Sichuan University
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Anderson JC. Measuring breath acetone for monitoring fat loss: Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2327-34. [PMID: 26524104 PMCID: PMC4737348 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous acetone production is a by-product of the fat metabolism process. Because of its small size, acetone appears in exhaled breath. Historically, endogenous acetone has been measured in exhaled breath to monitor ketosis in healthy and diabetic subjects. Recently, breath acetone concentration (BrAce) has been shown to correlate with the rate of fat loss in healthy individuals. In this review, the measurement of breath acetone in healthy subjects is evaluated for its utility in predicting fat loss and its sensitivity to changes in physiologic parameters. RESULTS BrAce can range from 1 ppm in healthy non-dieting subjects to 1,250 ppm in diabetic ketoacidosis. A strong correlation exists between increased BrAce and the rate of fat loss. Multiple metabolic and respiratory factors affect the measurement of BrAce. BrAce is most affected by changes in the following factors (in descending order): dietary macronutrient composition, caloric restriction, exercise, pulmonary factors, and other assorted factors that increase fat metabolism or inhibit acetone metabolism. Pulmonary factors affecting acetone exchange in the lung should be controlled to optimize the breath sample for measurement. CONCLUSIONS When biologic factors are controlled, BrAce measurement provides a non-invasive tool for monitoring the rate of fat loss in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Anderson
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonUSA
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Mochalski P, Unterkofler K, Teschl G, Amann A. Potential of volatile organic compounds as markers of entrapped humans for use in urban search-and-rescue operations. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Slaughter RJ, Mason RW, Beasley DMG, Vale JA, Schep LJ. Isopropanol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 52:470-8. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.914527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Turner C. Potential of breath and skin analysis for monitoring blood glucose concentration in diabetes. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 11:497-503. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yan Y, Wang Q, Li W, Zhao Z, Yuan X, Huang Y, Duan Y. Discovery of potential biomarkers in exhaled breath for diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on GC-MS with metabolomics. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight breath biomarkers of T2DM were discovered by a new SPME-GC-MS based metabolic profiling tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Yan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation
- College of Life Sciences
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu, P. R. China
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Palmiere C, Mangin P, Werner D. Postmortem Distribution of 3-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate. J Forensic Sci 2013; 59:161-6. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- University Centre of Legal Medicine; Rue du Bugnon 21 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Patrice Mangin
- University Centre of Legal Medicine; Rue du Bugnon 21 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Dominique Werner
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry; Lausanne University Hospital; 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
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Ghimenti S, Tabucchi S, Lomonaco T, Di Francesco F, Fuoco R, Onor M, Lenzi S, Trivella MG. Monitoring breath during oral glucose tolerance tests. J Breath Res 2013; 7:017115. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/017115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Dwyer JB, Tamama K. Ketoacidosis and trace amounts of isopropanol in a chronic alcoholic patient. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:245-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Petersen TH, Williams T, Nuwayhid N, Harruff R. Postmortem Detection of Isopropanol in Ketoacidosis. J Forensic Sci 2012; 57:674-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2011.02045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Palmiere C, Sporkert F, Werner D, Bardy D, Augsburger M, Mangin P. Blood, urine and vitreous isopropyl alcohol as biochemical markers in forensic investigations. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2012; 14:17-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Platteborze PL, Rainey PM, Baird GS. Ketoacidosis with unexpected serum isopropyl alcohol. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1361-4. [PMID: 21956919 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.157248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Platteborze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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21
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Palmiere C, Mangin P. Postmortem chemistry update part I. Int J Legal Med 2011; 126:187-98. [PMID: 21947676 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem chemistry is becoming increasingly essential in the forensic pathology routine and considerable progress has been made over the past years. Biochemical analyses of vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, blood and urine may provide significant information in determining the cause of death or in elucidating forensic cases. Postmortem chemistry may essentially contribute in the determination of the cause of death when the pathophysiological changes involved in the death process cannot be detected by morphological methods (e.g. diabetes mellitus, alcoholic ketoacidosis and electrolytic disorders). It can also provide significant information and useful support in other forensic situations, including anaphylaxis, hypothermia, sepsis and hormonal disturbances. In this article, we present a review of the literature that covers this vast topic and we report the results of our observations. We have focused our attention on glucose metabolism, renal function and electrolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Palmiere
- University Centre of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Repeated intoxication presenting with azotemia, elevated serum osmolal gap, and metabolic acidosis with high anion gap: differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 44:309-14. [PMID: 20602169 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-010-9796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A man with a history of alcoholism presented on two different occasions with mental changes, clinical signs of volume depletion, elevated serum osmolal gap, metabolic acidosis with high anion gap, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, and azotemia after binge drinking of only ethanol. In both episodes, the serum contained ethanol, acetone, and 2-propanol (isopropanol), but no methanol or ethylene glycol. In the first episode, the rates of excretion of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in the urine were greatly increased. Volume repletion was the only treatment. In both episodes, azotemia and metabolic acidosis were rapidly reversed, while modest metabolic alkalosis was noted after treatment. The triad of azotemia, elevated osmolal gap, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis, which characterizes intoxication with methanol or ethylene glycol, can also develop in alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA), an entity with substantially different management and outcome. Finding 2-propanol in the serum of patients with AKA indicates either concomitant 2-propanol ingestion or formation of 2-propanol from acetone.
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Teresiński G, Buszewicz G, Mądro R. Acetonaemia as an initial criterion of evaluation of a probable cause of sudden death. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang T, Pysanenko A, Dryahina K, Spaněl P, Smith D. Analysis of breath, exhaled via the mouth and nose, and the air in the oral cavity. J Breath Res 2008; 2:037013. [PMID: 21386174 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/2/3/037013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Analyses have been performed, using on-line selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), of the breath of three healthy volunteers, as exhaled via the mouth and the nose and also of the air in the oral cavity during breath hold, each morning over a period of one month. Nine trace compounds have been quantified and concentration distributions have been constructed. Of these compounds, the levels of acetone, methanol and isoprene are the same in the mouth-exhaled and the nose-exhaled breath; hence, we deduce that these compounds are totally systemic. The levels of ammonia, ethanol and hydrogen cyanide are much lower in the nose-exhaled breath than in the mouth-exhaled breath and highest in the oral cavity, indicating that these compounds are largely generated in the mouth with little being released at the alveolar interface. Using the same ideas, both the low levels of propanol and acetaldehyde in mouth-exhaled breath appear to have both oral and systemic components. Formaldehyde is at levels in mouth- and nose-exhaled breath and the oral cavity that are lower than that of the ambient air and so its origin is difficult to ascertain, but it appears to be partially systemic. These results indicate that serious contamination of alveolar breath exhaled via the mouth can occur and if breath analysis is to be used to diagnose metabolic disease then analyses should be carried out of both mouth- and nose-exhaled breath to identify the major sources of particular trace compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Wang
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
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Wishart DS, Lewis MJ, Morrissey JA, Flegel MD, Jeroncic K, Xiong Y, Cheng D, Eisner R, Gautam B, Tzur D, Sawhney S, Bamforth F, Greiner R, Li L. The human cerebrospinal fluid metabolome. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 871:164-73. [PMID: 18502700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With continuing improvements in analytical technology and an increased interest in comprehensive metabolic profiling of biofluids and tissues, there is a growing need to develop comprehensive reference resources for certain clinically important biofluids, such as blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). As part of our effort to systematically characterize the human metabolome we have chosen to characterize CSF as the first biofluid to be intensively scrutinized. In doing so, we combined comprehensive NMR, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) Fourier transform-mass spectrometry (FTMS) methods with computer-aided literature mining to identify and quantify essentially all of the metabolites that can be commonly detected (with today's technology) in the human CSF metabolome. Tables containing the compounds, concentrations, spectra, protocols and links to disease associations that we have found for the human CSF metabolome are freely available at http://www.csfmetabolome.ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Španel P, Dryahina K, Smith D. The concentration distributions of some metabolites in the exhaled breath of young adults. J Breath Res 2007; 1:026001. [PMID: 21383435 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/1/2/026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Smith D, Turner C, Španěl P. Volatile metabolites in the exhaled breath of healthy volunteers: their levels and distributions. J Breath Res 2007; 1:014004. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/014004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
A 59-year-old man undergoing weight loss with very low calorie diets (VLCD) attempted to drive a car, which was fitted with an alcohol ignition interlock device, but the vehicle failed to start. Because the man was a teetotaller, he was surprised and upset by this result. VLCD treatment leads to ketonemia with high concentrations of acetone, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate in the blood. The interlock device determines alcohol (ethanol) in breath by electrochemical oxidation, but acetone does not undergo oxidation with this detector. However, under certain circumstances acetone is reduced in the body to isopropanol by hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The ignition interlock device responds to other alcohols (e.g. methanol, n-propanol and isopropanol), which therefore explains the false-positive result. This 'side effect' of ketogenic diets needs further discussion by authorities when people engaged in safety-sensitive work (e.g. bus drivers and airline pilots) submit to random breath-alcohol tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Jones
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Board of Forensic Medicine and University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
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Turner C, Spanel P, Smith D. A longitudinal study of ammonia, acetone and propanol in the exhaled breath of 30 subjects using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS. Physiol Meas 2006; 27:321-37. [PMID: 16537976 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/27/4/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, has been used to monitor the volatile compounds in the exhaled breath of 30 volunteers (19 males, 11 females) over a 6 month period. Volunteers provided breath samples each week between 8:45 am and 1 pm (before lunch), and the concentrations of several trace compounds were obtained. In this paper the focus is on ammonia, acetone and propanol. It was found that the concentration distributions of these compounds in breath were close to log-normal. The median ammonia level estimated as a geometric mean for all samples was 833 parts per billion (ppb) with a multiplicative standard deviation of 1.62, the values ranging from 248 to 2935 ppb. Breath ammonia clearly increased with increasing age in this volunteer cohort. The geometric mean acetone level for all samples was 477 parts per billion (ppb) with a multiplicative standard deviation of 1.58, the values ranging from 148 to 2744 ppb. The median propanol level for all samples was 18 ppb, the values ranging from 0 to 135 ppb. A weak but significant correlation between breath propanol and acetone levels is apparent in the data. The findings indicate the potential value of SIFT-MS as a non-invasive breath analysis technique for investigating volatile compounds in human health and in the diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Turner
- Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, Bedford, MK45 4HS, UK.
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