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Jimenez-Ramos L, Ripolles-Garcia A, Caro-Suarez M, Latre-Moreno A, Laguna F, Villagrasa M. Nasolacrimal sac foreign body extraction using vitreoretinal forceps in 28 dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38414137 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a novel technique of nasolacrimal foreign body extraction in dogs by using a 20G vitreoretinal forceps introduced through the superior lacrimal punctum. METHODS A retrospective review of the medical records of dogs with dacryocystitis due to nasolacrimal foreign bodies between the years 2001 and 2022 was performed. We recorded the breed, age, affected eye, type and number of foreign bodies, concomitant diseases, and the use of imaging techniques. All animals underwent the same procedure of a 20G vitreoretinal forceps insertion through the upper canaliculus reaching the lacrimal sac and retrograde extraction of the foreign bodies. RESULTS A total of 28 dogs were included, 16 males and 12 females, with a mean (±SD) age of 4.7 (±3.2) years. The most common breeds were Wire-Haired Dachshund (4/28; 14.29%) and Labrador Retriever (3/28; 10.71%). Additional imaging techniques were used, such as orbital ultrasound in 13 cases (13/28; 46.43%) and computed tomography in one case (1/28; 3.57%). The most common type of foreign body retrieved was grass awns, although seeds and plant debris were also found. Dacryocystitis resolved after removal of the foreign body and appropriate medical therapy was ensured in all cases in the 1-month postprocedure follow-up. CONCLUSION Extraction of nasolacrimal foreign bodies with vitreoretinal forceps is a novel, noninvasive, and easily applicable technique that, although not successful in all cases, can be attempted before performing more aggressive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jimenez-Ramos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ripolles-Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Caro-Suarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Latre-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laguna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Villagrasa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Oftalmológico Veterinario Goya, Madrid, Spain
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Gunsalus K, Taylor R, Croix NL. Calcification and osseous metaplasia of the meibomian glands of a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 26 Suppl 1:163-167. [PMID: 35861137 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical history, surgical management, and histologic findings of meibomian gland calcification and osseous metaplasia in a horse. ANIMAL STUDIED A 21-year-old Selle Français gelding presented with a 9 months history of blepharitis, blepharospasm, and epiphora affecting the right eye. The horse was diagnosed with meibomianitis and impaction with associated granulomas, but not treated surgically for 6 years. PROCEDURES Physical and ophthalmic examinations, and systemic bloodwork were performed. A diamond burr debridement was performed on a corneal ulceration, and meibomian gland nodules were excised and examined histologically. RESULTS Multiple firm concretions were associated with the palpebral conjunctiva of each eyelid. The largest nodule (5 × 4 × 10 mm) was excised from the lower right eyelid. Histology revealed dilated meibomian ducts with mineralized inspissated secretions surrounded by fibrosis and osseous metaplasia. Following nodule excision and corneal ulcer resolution, no blepharospasm or epiphora recurred for a follow-up period of 15 months. CONCLUSION Calcification and osseous metaplasia of the meibomian glands was identified in a Selle Français gelding. It is suspected that inspissated meibomian secretions led to a local granulomatous reaction with secondary dystrophic calcification and osseous metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Gunsalus
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island, West Islip, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Taylor
- Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Noelle La Croix
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island, West Islip, New York, USA
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Manso-Díaz G, García-López JM, López-Sanromán J, Taeymans O. Magnetic resonance dacryocystography in the horse: A feasibility study. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:129-134. [PMID: 31309693 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive anatomical description of the normal equine nasolacrimal duct using magnetic resonance imaging, and to develop a practical protocol for performing magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRD) in horses. ANIMAL STUDIED The heads of ten fresh horse cadavers with no history of sinonasal or ophthalmologic disorders were used for this study. PROCEDURE An MRD technique was developed in this study, which consisted of two parts. In the first part, olive oil and gadolinium were compared as contrast medium, using five horses. Two concentrations of gadolinium were used: 0.25 mmol/mL and 0.5 mmol/mL. In the second part, the influence of different head recumbencies using olive oil as the sole contrast medium was studied in the remaining five horses. RESULTS Injection with olive oil resulted in better distention and a complete filling of the nasolacrimal duct (ND) in all horses. Injection of 0.25 mmol/mL of gadolinium resulted in incomplete filling of the ND, whereas injection of 0.5 mmol/mL of gadolinium resulted in slightly better filling of the duct. The nondependent duct showed better distention compared to the dependent duct when scanning in lateral recumbency. No differences were observed between ducts in a dorsal recumbency. The degree of distention in dorsal recumbency was slightly less than the degree of distention observed in the nondependent ND in lateral recumbency. CONCLUSIONS Magnetic resonance dacryocystography is a suitable technique for evaluating the nasolacrimal duct and can be performed during a normal magnetic resonance examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Manso-Díaz
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M García-López
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Javier López-Sanromán
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Ali MJ, Rehorek SJ, Paulsen F. A major review on disorders of the animal lacrimal drainage systems: Evolutionary perspectives and comparisons with humans. Ann Anat 2019; 224:102-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Berkowski W, Plummer CE, Ramos R, Czerwinski S, Brooks D, Gallagher A. Fluoroscopically guided neocanalization for treatment of nasolacrimal atresia in two horses. Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:538-544. [PMID: 30767380 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A yearling Thoroughbred stallion and an 8-year-old Saddlebred mare were evaluated for persistent mucoid ocular discharge. CLINICAL FINDINGS Examination of both horses revealed copious yellow-tan mucoid ocular discharge with a negative Jones I test, absent nasal punctum, and unsuccessful anterograde nasolacrimal duct (NLD) irrigation. Clinical abnormalities were present on the right side only in one horse and bilaterally in the other. Computed tomography (CT) with contrast confirmed nasolacrimal duct atresia in both horses. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Under general anesthesia, the affected NLD was catheterized anterograde and contrast injected. Using fluoroscopic guidance, retrograde access to the distal NLD was obtained for through-and-through wire access. Over the wire, the stoma was dilated and a temporary stent placed for 4-8 weeks. After the procedure, both horses were comfortable and free of ocular discharge at the minimum time of last follow-up, 9 months postoperatively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Fluoroscopically guided neocanalization is a viable alternative to traditional surgical approaches for NLD atresia, especially when access to the site of obstruction is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Berkowski
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Caryn E Plummer
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Renata Ramos
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah Czerwinski
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dennis Brooks
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alex Gallagher
- Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Mackenzie CJ, Carslake HB, Robin M, Kent RJ, Malalana F. Episcleral cyclosporine A implants for the management of unilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca in an 8-year-old mare. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 20:79-83. [PMID: 26945681 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old mare was presented for investigation of a 1-month history of blepharospasm, eyelid swelling, corneal edema, and ocular discharge of the right eye (OD). Ophthalmic examination confirmed mucopurulent ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, and a dry, dull appearance to the cornea OD. Schirmer tear test results confirmed an absence of tear production OD (0 mm/min) consistent with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Treatment with topical 0.2% cyclosporine A resulted in an improvement in clinical signs. An episcleral cyclosporine A implant was placed under standing sedation 5 days after initial presentation. Re-examination 9 days post-operatively confirmed that the mare's tear production in the right eye had improved and no further clinical signs had been observed. Topical medications were gradually discontinued. Re-examinations performed up to 12 months postsurgery showed no recurrence of clinical signs and no adverse effects of the implant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a cyclosporine A implant in the management of KCS in a horse and highlights its potential as an effective, alternative therapy in the management of KCS in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona J Mackenzie
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Harry B Carslake
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Matthew Robin
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Rebecca J Kent
- Leahurst Equine Practice, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Fernando Malalana
- Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Wirral, CH64 7TE, UK
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Montgomery K, Ortved K, DeVries J, Hackett R, Kern T, Irby N, Ducharme N. Bilateral parotid duct transposition for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a Connemara stallion. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 16:303-11. [PMID: 23067239 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2012.01068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old Connemara stallion was presented with a 4 month history of blepharospasm, recurrent corneal ulcerations, mucopurulent ocular discharge, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in both eyes unresponsive to medical therapy. Ophthalmic examination revealed lackluster corneas, axial corneal scarring and pigmentation with associated neovascularization, and absolute KCS in both eyes. Computed tomography scan and endoscopic evaluation of the upper airway and guttural pouches revealed no structural abnormalities to indicate neurogenic KCS. The stallion was diagnosed with immune-mediated dacryoadenitis as all other causes of KCS were excluded. Parotid duct transposition (PDT) was performed in the right eye followed by PDT in the left eye 4 weeks later. The right PDT was functional 2 years post-operatively with significant improvement in ocular comfort and reduced corneal fibrosis and neovascularization. The left PDT developed a salivary-cutaneous fistula over the left masseter muscle post-operatively due to avascular necrosis of the distal parotid duct (PD). Surgical reconstruction of the PDT using an expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) tube graft, an e-PTFE tube graft to autogenous caudal auricular vein graft, and an autogenous saphenous vein graft were all unsuccessful. Tear production in the left eye improved at 1 year post-surgery as a result of long term lacrostimulant therapy, and a permanent PD-cutaneous fistula was performed on the left PD at the level of the ventral mandible. Bilateral PDT in the horse is effective in resolving clinical signs associated with KCS; however, morbidity associated with avascular necrosis of the transposed PD may be significant and can result in surgical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Montgomery
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Taylor
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University; West Lafayette; Indiana; USA
| | - G. Haldorson
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology; Washington State University; Pullman; Washington; USA
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Gilger BC, Histed J, Pate DO, Clode AB, McMullen RJ. CASE REPORT: Anomalous nasolacrimal openings in a 2-year-old Morgan filly. Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13:339-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00823.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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