Mise en évidence de la sollicitation du cycle des purines nucléotides lors d’un combat de judo

Diagnostics of tissue involved injury occurrence of top-level judokas during the competition: suggestion for prevention

Background

Judo, as a high-intensity contact sport, may lead to the occurrence of injuries, especially in competitions. This work aims to assess the likelihood of soft and hard tissue injuries in top-level judokas during competition with defining factors that determine the probability of injury occurrence.

Methods

The injuries that occurred in 123 official international competitions from 2005-2019 were recorded by the European Judo Union (EJU) Medical Commission as a survey that was a part of the EJU Injury Registration form with internal consistency shown by a Crombach Alpha of 0.69. This survey data identified factors such as: sex, anatomical localisation of injury, type of injury, tissue involved and mechanisms of the injury. A total of 650 tissue injuries were reported correctly in terms of tissue injury definition.

Results

The most frequent soft tissue injury (STI) reported was a ligament STI (48.15%), closely followed by skin STI (12.15%) and muscles STI (11.38%). In turn, the most frequent hard tissue injury occurred in bones (8.56%). The highest rates of injuries occurred during the fight in the standing position (78%). Injuries in the standing position mainly occurred while executing a throw (25.85%) and followed by the attempt to throw, i.e., the action of reaching the throwing position (22.30%), grip fighting (15.07%), and during falls (14.77%). Opposite to this, fight in groundwork reached only 18.30% soft and hard tissue injuries combined. The ongoing registration of injuries during judo combat and training and the early diagnosis of risk factors for injuries are the basis for the development of effective strategies for injury prevention and further treatment.

Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Judo Athletes: An Update

Judo competition is characterized structurally by weight category, which raises the importance of physiological control training in judo. The aim of the present review was to examine scientific papers on the physiological profile of the judokas, maintenance or loss of weight, framing issues, such as anthropometric parameters (body fat percentage), heart rate responses to training and combat, maximal oxygen uptake, hematological, biological and hormones indicators. The values shown in this review should be used as a reference for the evaluation of physical fitness and the effectiveness of training programs. Hence, this information is expected to contribute to the development of optimal training interventions aiming to achieve maximum athletic performance and to maintain the health of judokas.

Physiological and performance responses to intermittent Uchi-komi in Judo

The objective of this study was to compare the physiological and performance responses with different judo techniques and time structure uchi-komi (technique entrance) protocols. Ten judo athletes (25 ± 6 years old, 73 ± 9 kg, 173 ± 5 cm, and 15 ± 6 years of judo experience) were submitted to 9 all-out uchi-komi sessions. Three techniques (o-uchi-gari, seoi-nage, and harai-goshi) and 3 different time structures (18 × 10 seconds/10 seconds, 9 × 20 seconds/20 seconds, and 6 × 30 seconds/30 seconds) were randomly assigned. Two-way and 3-way analyses of variance with repeated measurements and the Bonferroni test were used. The significance level was fixed at 5%. There was no effect of the time structure or the technique on the absolute energy expenditure (p > 0.05), which can be attributed to the all-out characteristic of the exercise. However, more repetitions were executed during the o-uchi-gari protocol (F = 19; p < 0.001; η = 0.32) compared with harai-goshi and seoi-nage (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Oxygen consumption differed over time during the activity (F = 767; p < 0.001; η = 0.904), with lower values during the first minute (32.51 ± 3.21 ml·kg·min) compared with the second (41.47 ± 4.20 ml·kg·min) and third minutes (42.96 ± 4.29 ml·kg·min), and lower values were recorded in the second minute compared with the third minute (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). There was also an effect of technique on the total energy expenditure per repetition (F = 6; p = 0.001; η = 0.128), with o-uchi-gari resulting in lower values compared to seoi-nage (p = 0.003), as the former technique does not involve torso rotation and knee flexion, while the latter technique does. These training protocols resulted in similar oxygen uptake and heart rate responses compared to match simulations, and they can be used to simulate the match demand.