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Reyes-Sanchez M, Amaducci R, Sanchez-Martin P, Elices I, Rodriguez FB, Varona P. Automatized offline and online exploration to achieve a target dynamics in biohybrid neural circuits built with living and model neurons. Neural Netw 2023; 164:464-475. [PMID: 37196436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Biohybrid circuits of interacting living and model neurons are an advantageous means to study neural dynamics and to assess the role of specific neuron and network properties in the nervous system. Hybrid networks are also a necessary step to build effective artificial intelligence and brain hybridization. In this work, we deal with the automatized online and offline adaptation, exploration and parameter mapping to achieve a target dynamics in hybrid circuits and, in particular, those that yield dynamical invariants between living and model neurons. We address dynamical invariants that form robust cycle-by-cycle relationships between the intervals that build neural sequences from such interaction. Our methodology first attains automated adaptation of model neurons to work in the same amplitude regime and time scale of living neurons. Then, we address the automatized exploration and mapping of the synapse parameter space that lead to a specific dynamical invariant target. Our approach uses multiple configurations and parallel computing from electrophysiological recordings of living neurons to build full mappings, and genetic algorithms to achieve an instance of the target dynamics for the hybrid circuit in a short time. We illustrate and validate such strategy in the context of the study of functional sequences in neural rhythms, which can be easily generalized for any variety of hybrid circuit configuration. This approach facilitates both the building of hybrid circuits and the accomplishment of their scientific goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Reyes-Sanchez
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Amaducci
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Martin
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Elices
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Francisco B Rodriguez
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Varona
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Elices I, Varona P. Asymmetry Factors Shaping Regular and Irregular Bursting Rhythms in Central Pattern Generators. Front Comput Neurosci 2017; 11:9. [PMID: 28261081 PMCID: PMC5311053 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Central Pattern Generator (CPG) circuits are neural networks that generate rhythmic motor patterns. These circuits are typically built of half-center oscillator subcircuits with reciprocally inhibitory connections. Another common property in many CPGs is the remarkable rich spiking-bursting dynamics of their constituent cells, which balance robustness and flexibility to generate their joint coordinated rhythms. In this paper, we use conductance-based models and realistic connection topologies inspired by the crustacean pyloric CPG to address the study of asymmetry factors shaping CPG bursting rhythms. In particular, we assess the role of asymmetric maximal synaptic conductances, time constants and gap-junction connectivity to establish the regularity of half-center oscillator based CPGs. We map and characterize the synaptic parameter space that lead to regular and irregular bursting activity in these networks. The analysis indicates that asymmetric configurations display robust regular rhythms and that large regions of both regular and irregular but coordinated rhythms exist as a function of the asymmetry in the circuit. Our results show that asymmetry both in the maximal conductances and in the temporal dynamics of mutually inhibitory neurons can synergistically contribute to shape wide regimes of regular spiking-bursting activity in CPGs. Finally, we discuss how a closed-loop protocol driven by a regularity goal can be used to find and characterize regular regimes when there is not time to perform an exhaustive search, as in most experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Elices
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Varona
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Carrillo-Medina JL, Latorre R. Implementing Signature Neural Networks with Spiking Neurons. Front Comput Neurosci 2016; 10:132. [PMID: 28066221 PMCID: PMC5167754 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiking Neural Networks constitute the most promising approach to develop realistic Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike traditional firing rate-based paradigms, information coding in spiking models is based on the precise timing of individual spikes. It has been demonstrated that spiking ANNs can be successfully and efficiently applied to multiple realistic problems solvable with traditional strategies (e.g., data classification or pattern recognition). In recent years, major breakthroughs in neuroscience research have discovered new relevant computational principles in different living neural systems. Could ANNs benefit from some of these recent findings providing novel elements of inspiration? This is an intriguing question for the research community and the development of spiking ANNs including novel bio-inspired information coding and processing strategies is gaining attention. From this perspective, in this work, we adapt the core concepts of the recently proposed Signature Neural Network paradigm—i.e., neural signatures to identify each unit in the network, local information contextualization during the processing, and multicoding strategies for information propagation regarding the origin and the content of the data—to be employed in a spiking neural network. To the best of our knowledge, none of these mechanisms have been used yet in the context of ANNs of spiking neurons. This paper provides a proof-of-concept for their applicability in such networks. Computer simulations show that a simple network model like the discussed here exhibits complex self-organizing properties. The combination of multiple simultaneous encoding schemes allows the network to generate coexisting spatio-temporal patterns of activity encoding information in different spatio-temporal spaces. As a function of the network and/or intra-unit parameters shaping the corresponding encoding modality, different forms of competition among the evoked patterns can emerge even in the absence of inhibitory connections. These parameters also modulate the memory capabilities of the network. The dynamical modes observed in the different informational dimensions in a given moment are independent and they only depend on the parameters shaping the information processing in this dimension. In view of these results, we argue that plasticity mechanisms inside individual cells and multicoding strategies can provide additional computational properties to spiking neural networks, which could enhance their capacity and performance in a wide variety of real-world tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Carrillo-Medina
- Departamento de Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas - ESPE Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Roberto Latorre
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Dpto. de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Megam Ngouonkadi EB, Fotsin HB, Kabong Nono M, Louodop Fotso PH. Noise effects on robust synchronization of a small pacemaker neuronal ensemble via nonlinear controller: electronic circuit design. Cogn Neurodyn 2016; 10:385-404. [PMID: 27668018 PMCID: PMC5018014 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-016-9393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the synchronization of a pacemaker neuronal ensemble constituted of an AB neuron electrically coupled to two PD neurons. By the virtue of this electrical coupling, they can fire synchronous bursts of action potential. An external master neuron is used to induce to the whole system the desired dynamics, via a nonlinear controller. Such controller is obtained by a combination of sliding mode and feedback control. The proposed controller is able to offset uncertainties in the synchronized systems. We show how noise affects the synchronization of the pacemaker neuronal ensemble, and briefly discuss its potential benefits in our synchronization scheme. An extended Hindmarsh-Rose neuronal model is used to represent a single cell dynamic of the network. Numerical simulations and Pspice implementation of the synchronization scheme are presented. We found that, the proposed controller reduces the stochastic resonance of the network when its gain increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Bertrand Megam Ngouonkadi
- Laboratory of Electronics and Signal Processing, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Hilaire Bertrand Fotsin
- Laboratory of Electronics and Signal Processing, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Martial Kabong Nono
- Laboratory of Electronics and Signal Processing, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Herve Louodop Fotso
- Laboratory of Electronics and Signal Processing, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, P. O. Box 067, Dschang, Cameroon
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rua Dr. Bento Teobaldo Ferraz 271, Bloco II, Barra Funda, São Paulo, 01140-070 Brazil
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Sieling F, Bédécarrats A, Simmers J, Prinz AA, Nargeot R. Differential roles of nonsynaptic and synaptic plasticity in operant reward learning-induced compulsive behavior. Curr Biol 2014; 24:941-50. [PMID: 24704077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rewarding stimuli in associative learning can transform the irregularly and infrequently generated motor patterns underlying motivated behaviors into output for accelerated and stereotyped repetitive action. This transition to compulsive behavioral expression is associated with modified synaptic and membrane properties of central neurons, but establishing the causal relationships between cellular plasticity and motor adaptation has remained a challenge. RESULTS We found previously that changes in the intrinsic excitability and electrical synapses of identified neurons in Aplysia's central pattern-generating network for feeding are correlated with a switch to compulsive-like motor output expression induced by in vivo operant conditioning. Here, we used specific computer-simulated ionic currents in vitro to selectively replicate or suppress the membrane and synaptic plasticity resulting from this learning. In naive in vitro preparations, such experimental manipulation of neuronal membrane properties alone increased the frequency but not the regularity of feeding motor output found in preparations from operantly trained animals. On the other hand, changes in synaptic strength alone switched the regularity but not the frequency of feeding output from naive to trained states. However, simultaneously imposed changes in both membrane and synaptic properties reproduced both major aspects of the motor plasticity. Conversely, in preparations from trained animals, experimental suppression of the membrane and synaptic plasticity abolished the increase in frequency and regularity of the learned motor output expression. CONCLUSIONS These data establish direct causality for the contributions of distinct synaptic and nonsynaptic adaptive processes to complementary facets of a compulsive behavior resulting from operant reward learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Sieling
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alexis Bédécarrats
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - John Simmers
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Astrid A Prinz
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Romuald Nargeot
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Nakano T, Yoshimoto J, Doya K. A model-based prediction of the calcium responses in the striatal synaptic spines depending on the timing of cortical and dopaminergic inputs and post-synaptic spikes. Front Comput Neurosci 2013; 7:119. [PMID: 24062681 PMCID: PMC3772324 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine-dependent plasticity of the cortico-striatal synapses is considered as the cellular mechanism crucial for reinforcement learning. The dopaminergic inputs and the calcium responses affect the synaptic plasticity by way of the signaling cascades within the synaptic spines. The calcium concentration within synaptic spines, however, is dependent on multiple factors including the calcium influx through ionotropic glutamate receptors, the intracellular calcium release by activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors, and the opening of calcium channels by EPSPs and back-propagating action potentials. Furthermore, dopamine is known to modulate the efficacies of NMDA receptors, some of the calcium channels, and sodium and potassium channels that affect the back propagation of action potentials. Here we construct an electric compartment model of the striatal medium spiny neuron with a realistic morphology and predict the calcium responses in the synaptic spines with variable timings of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs and the postsynaptic action potentials. The model was validated by reproducing the responses to current inputs and could predict the electric and calcium responses to glutamatergic inputs and back-propagating action potential in the proximal and distal synaptic spines during up- and down-states. We investigated the calcium responses by systematically varying the timings of the glutamatergic and dopaminergic inputs relative to the action potential and found that the calcium response and the subsequent synaptic potentiation is maximal when the dopamine input precedes glutamate input and action potential. The prediction is not consistent with the hypothesis that the dopamine input provides the reward prediction error for reinforcement learning. The finding suggests that there is an unknown learning mechanisms at the network level or an unknown cellular mechanism for calcium dynamics and signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakano
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Okinawa, Japan
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Implication of dopaminergic modulation in operant reward learning and the induction of compulsive-like feeding behavior in Aplysia. Learn Mem 2013; 20:318-27. [PMID: 23685764 DOI: 10.1101/lm.029140.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Feeding in Aplysia provides an amenable model system for analyzing the neuronal substrates of motivated behavior and its adaptability by associative reward learning and neuromodulation. Among such learning processes, appetitive operant conditioning that leads to a compulsive-like expression of feeding actions is known to be associated with changes in the membrane properties and electrical coupling of essential action-initiating B63 neurons in the buccal central pattern generator (CPG). Moreover, the food-reward signal for this learning is conveyed in the esophageal nerve (En), an input nerve rich in dopamine-containing fibers. Here, to investigate whether dopamine (DA) is involved in this learning-induced plasticity, we used an in vitro analog of operant conditioning in which electrical stimulation of En substituted the contingent reinforcement of biting movements in vivo. Our data indicate that contingent En stimulation does, indeed, replicate the operant learning-induced changes in CPG output and the underlying membrane and synaptic properties of B63. Significantly, moreover, this network and cellular plasticity was blocked when the input nerve was stimulated in the presence of the DA receptor antagonist cis-flupenthixol. These results therefore suggest that En-derived dopaminergic modulation of CPG circuitry contributes to the operant reward-dependent emergence of a compulsive-like expression of Aplysia's feeding behavior.
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Deformation of attractor landscape via cholinergic presynaptic modulations: a computational study using a phase neuron model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53854. [PMID: 23326520 PMCID: PMC3543278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticopetal acetylcholine (ACh) is released transiently from the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) into the cortical layers and is associated with top-down attention. Recent experimental data suggest that this release of ACh disinhibits layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons (PYRs) via muscarinic presynaptic effects on inhibitory synapses. Together with other possible presynaptic cholinergic effects on excitatory synapses, this may result in dynamic and temporal modifications of synapses associated with top-down attention. However, the system-level consequences and cognitive relevance of such disinhibitions are poorly understood. Herein, we propose a theoretical possibility that such transient modifications of connectivity associated with ACh release, in addition to top-down glutamatergic input, may provide a neural mechanism for the temporal reactivation of attractors as neural correlates of memories. With baseline levels of ACh, the brain returns to quasi-attractor states, exhibiting transitive dynamics between several intrinsic internal states. This suggests that top-down attention may cause the attention-induced deformations between two types of attractor landscapes: the quasi-attractor landscape (Q-landscape, present under low-ACh, non-attentional conditions) and the attractor landscape (A-landscape, present under high-ACh, top-down attentional conditions). We present a conceptual computational model based on experimental knowledge of the structure of PYRs and interneurons (INs) in cortical layers 1 and 2/3 and discuss the possible physiological implications of our results.
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Ando H, Suetani H, Kurths J, Aihara K. Chaotic phase synchronization in bursting-neuron models driven by a weak periodic force. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:016205. [PMID: 23005505 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.016205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the entrainment of a neuron model exhibiting a chaotic spiking-bursting behavior in response to a weak periodic force. This model exhibits two types of oscillations with different characteristic time scales, namely, long and short time scales. Several types of phase synchronization are observed, such as 1:1 phase locking between a single spike and one period of the force and 1:l phase locking between the period of slow oscillation underlying bursts and l periods of the force. Moreover, spiking-bursting oscillations with chaotic firing patterns can be synchronized with the periodic force. Such a type of phase synchronization is detected from the position of a set of points on a unit circle, which is determined by the phase of the periodic force at each spiking time. We show that this detection method is effective for a system with multiple time scales. Owing to the existence of both the short and the long time scales, two characteristic phenomena are found around the transition point to chaotic phase synchronization. One phenomenon shows that the average time interval between successive phase slips exhibits a power-law scaling against the driving force strength and that the scaling exponent has an unsmooth dependence on the changes in the driving force strength. The other phenomenon shows that Kuramoto's order parameter before the transition exhibits stepwise behavior as a function of the driving force strength, contrary to the smooth transition in a model with a single time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ando
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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11
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Combined computational and experimental approaches to understanding the Ca(2+) regulatory network in neurons. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:569-601. [PMID: 22453961 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) is a ubiquitous signaling ion that regulates a variety of neuronal functions by binding to and altering the state of effector proteins. Spatial relationships and temporal dynamics of Ca(2+) elevations determine many cellular responses of neurons to chemical and electrical stimulation. There is a wealth of information regarding the properties and distribution of Ca(2+) channels, pumps, exchangers, and buffers that participate in Ca(2+) regulation. At the same time, new imaging techniques permit characterization of evoked Ca(2+) signals with increasing spatial and temporal resolution. However, understanding the mechanistic link between functional properties of Ca(2+) handling proteins and the stimulus-evoked Ca(2+) signals they orchestrate requires consideration of the way Ca(2+) handling mechanisms operate together as a system in native cells. A wide array of biophysical modeling approaches is available for studying this problem and can be used in a variety of ways. Models can be useful to explain the behavior of complex systems, to evaluate the role of individual Ca(2+) handling mechanisms, to extract valuable parameters, and to generate predictions that can be validated experimentally. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of Ca(2+) signaling in neurons via mathematical modeling. We emphasize the value of developing realistic models based on experimentally validated descriptions of Ca(2+) transport and buffering that can be tested and refined through new experiments to develop increasingly accurate biophysical descriptions of Ca(2+) signaling in neurons.
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Abstract
The dependence of the dynamics of pulse-coupled neural networks on random rewiring of excitatory and inhibitory connections is examined. When both excitatory and inhibitory connections are rewired, periodic synchronization emerges with a Hopf-like bifurcation and a subsequent period-doubling bifurcation; chaotic synchronization is also observed. When only excitatory connections are rewired, periodic synchronization emerges with a saddle node-like bifurcation, and chaotic synchronization is also observed. This result suggests that randomness in the system does not necessarily contaminate the system, and sometimes it even introduces rich dynamics to the system such as chaos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanamaru
- Department of Innovative Mechanical Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 193-0802, Japan.
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13
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Chamorro P, Marinazzo D, Levi R, Rodriguez FB, Varona P. A model study for causal relationships between voltage and calcium dynamics. BMC Neurosci 2011. [PMCID: PMC3240477 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-s1-p359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Nargeot R, Simmers J. Neural mechanisms of operant conditioning and learning-induced behavioral plasticity in Aplysia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:803-16. [PMID: 21042832 PMCID: PMC11114654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning in goal-directed behaviors, in contrast to reflexive behaviors, can alter processes of decision-making in the selection of appropriate action and its initiation, thereby enabling animals, including humans, to gain a predictive understanding of their external environment. In the mollusc Aplysia, recent studies on appetitive operant conditioning in which the animal learns about the positive consequences of its behavior have provided insights into this form of associative learning which, although ubiquitous, remains mechanistically poorly understood. The findings support increasing evidence that central circuit- and cell-wide sites other than chemical synaptic connections, including electrical coupling and membrane conductances controlling intrinsic neuronal excitability and underlying voltage-dependent plateauing or oscillatory mechanisms, may serve as the neural substrates for behavioral plasticity resulting from operant conditioning. Aplysia therefore continues to provide a model system for understanding learning and memory formation that enables establishing the neurobiological links between behavioral, network, and cellular levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romuald Nargeot
- Laboratoire Mouvement, Adaptation, Cognition, Université Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, France.
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15
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Cellular and Network Mechanisms of Operant Learning-Induced Compulsive Behavior in Aplysia. Curr Biol 2009; 19:975-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kryukov AK, Osipov GV, Polovinkin AV, Kurths J. Synchronous regimes in ensembles of coupled Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:046209. [PMID: 19518314 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.046209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We study synchronous behavior in ensembles of locally coupled nonidentical Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillators. We show that, in a chain of N elements not less than 2;{N-1}, different coexisting regimes of global synchronization are possible, and we investigate wave-induced synchronous regimes in a chain and in a lattice of coupled nonidentical Bonhoeffer-van der Pol oscillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey K Kryukov
- Department of Calculational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Nizhny Novgorod State University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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17
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Lago-Fernández LF, Szücs A, Varona P. Determining Burst Firing Time Distributions from Multiple Spike Trains. Neural Comput 2009; 21:973-90. [DOI: 10.1162/neco.2008.07-07-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental findings have shown the presence of robust and cell-type-specific intraburst firing patterns in bursting neurons. We address the problem of characterizing these patterns under the assumption that the bursts exhibit well-defined firing time distributions. We propose a method for estimating these distributions based on a burst alignment algorithm that minimizes the overlap among the firing time distributions of the different spikes within the burst. This method provides a good approximation to the burst's intrinsic temporal structure as a set of firing time distributions. In addition, the method allows labeling the spikes in any particular burst, establishing a correspondence between each spike and the distribution that best explains it, and identifying missing spikes. Our results on both simulated and experimental data from the lobster stomatogastric ganglion show that the proposed method provides a reliable characterization of the intraburst firing patterns and avoids the errors derived from missing spikes. This method can also be applied to nonbursting neurons as a general tool for the study and the interpretation of firing time distributions as part of a temporal neural code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Lago-Fernández
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Attila Szücs
- Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany, H-8237 Hungary
| | - Pablo Varona
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Nowotny T, Levi R, Selverston AI. Probing the dynamics of identified neurons with a data-driven modeling approach. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2627. [PMID: 18612435 PMCID: PMC2440808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In controlling animal behavior the nervous system has to perform within the operational limits set by the requirements of each specific behavior. The implications for the corresponding range of suitable network, single neuron, and ion channel properties have remained elusive. In this article we approach the question of how well-constrained properties of neuronal systems may be on the neuronal level. We used large data sets of the activity of isolated invertebrate identified cells and built an accurate conductance-based model for this cell type using customized automated parameter estimation techniques. By direct inspection of the data we found that the variability of the neurons is larger when they are isolated from the circuit than when in the intact system. Furthermore, the responses of the neurons to perturbations appear to be more consistent than their autonomous behavior under stationary conditions. In the developed model, the constraints on different parameters that enforce appropriate model dynamics vary widely from some very tightly controlled parameters to others that are almost arbitrary. The model also allows predictions for the effect of blocking selected ionic currents and to prove that the origin of irregular dynamics in the neuron model is proper chaoticity and that this chaoticity is typical in an appropriate sense. Our results indicate that data driven models are useful tools for the in-depth analysis of neuronal dynamics. The better consistency of responses to perturbations, in the real neurons as well as in the model, suggests a paradigm shift away from measuring autonomous dynamics alone towards protocols of controlled perturbations. Our predictions for the impact of channel blockers on the neuronal dynamics and the proof of chaoticity underscore the wide scope of our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nowotny
- Centre for Computational Neuroscience and Robotics, Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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Kanamaru T. Chaotic pattern transitions in pulse neural networks. Neural Netw 2007; 20:781-90. [PMID: 17689050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In models of associative memory composed of pulse neurons, chaotic pattern transitions where the pattern retrieved by the network changes chaotically were found. The network is composed of multiple modules of pulse neurons, and when the inter-module connection strength decreased, the stability of pattern retrieval changed from stable to chaotic. It was found that the mixed pattern of stored patterns plays an important role in chaotic pattern transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanamaru
- Department of Innovative Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Global Engineering, Kogakuin University, 139 Inume, Hachioji-city, Tokyo 193-0802, Japan.
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Ramaswamy S, Baroni F, Varona P, de Polavieja GG. Time-scales in the interplay between calcium and voltage dynamics. Neurocomputing 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Campos D, Aguirre C, Serrano E, de Borja Rodríguez F, de Polavieja GG, Varona P. Temporal structure in the bursting activity of the leech heartbeat CPG neurons. Neurocomputing 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cortes JM, Torres JJ, Marro J. Control of neural chaos by synaptic noise. Biosystems 2007; 87:186-90. [PMID: 17084962 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We study neural automata - or neurobiologically inspired cellular automata - which exhibits chaotic itinerancy among the different stored patterns or memories. This is a consequence of activity-dependent synaptic fluctuations, which continuously destabilize the attractor and induce irregular hopping to other possible attractors. The nature of these irregularities depends on the dynamic details, namely, on the intensity of the synaptic noise and the number of sites of the network, which are synchronously updated at each time step. Varying these factors, different regimes occur, ranging from regular to chaotic dynamics. As a result, and in absence of external agents, the chaotic behavior may turn regular after tuning the noise intensity. It is argued that a similar mechanism might be on the basis of self-controlling chaos in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cortes
- Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, and Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Fisica de la Materia, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Latorre R, Rodríguez FB, Varona P. Neural signatures: multiple coding in spiking-bursting cells. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2006; 95:169-83. [PMID: 16830138 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-006-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have revealed the existence of neural signatures in the activity of individual cells of the pyloric central pattern generator (CPG) of crustacean. The neural signatures consist of cell-specific spike timings in the bursting activity of the neurons. The role of these intraburst neural fingerprints is still unclear. It has been reported previously that some muscles can reflect small changes in the spike timings of the neurons that innervate them. However, it is unclear to what extent neural signatures contribute to the command message that the muscles receive from the motoneurons. It is also unknown whether the signatures have any functional meaning for the neurons that belong to the same CPG or to other interconnected CPGs. In this paper, we use realistic neural models to study the ability of single cells and small circuits to recognize individual neural signatures. We show that model cells and circuits can respond distinctly to the incoming neural fingerprints in addition to the properties of the slow depolarizing waves. Our results suggest that neural signatures can be a general mechanism of spiking-bursting cells to implement multicoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Latorre
- Grupo de Neurocomputación Biológica (GNB), Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Tanaka G, Ibarz B, Sanjuan MAF, Aihara K. Synchronization and propagation of bursts in networks of coupled map neurons. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2006; 16:013113. [PMID: 16599744 DOI: 10.1063/1.2148387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present paper studies regular and complex spatiotemporal behaviors in networks of coupled map-based bursting oscillators. In-phase and antiphase synchronization of bursts are studied, explaining their underlying mechanisms in order to determine how network parameters separate them. Conditions for emergent bursting in the coupled system are derived from our analysis. In the region of emergence, patterns of chaotic transitions between synchronization and propagation of bursts are found. We show that they consist of transient standing and rotating waves induced by symmetry-breaking bifurcations, and can be viewed as a manifestation of the phenomenon of chaotic itinerancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gouhei Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kiss IZ, Lv Q, Organ L, Hudson JL. Electrochemical bursting oscillations on a high-dimensional slow subsystem. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2707-15. [PMID: 16763702 DOI: 10.1039/b602955h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experiments are carried out with a chemical burster, the electrodissolution of iron in sulfuric acid solution. The system exhibits bursting oscillations in which fast periodic spiking is superimposed on chaotic, slow oscillations. Regularization of the slow dynamics, i.e., transition from chaotic to periodic bursting oscillations, is investigated through changes in the experimental parameters (circuit potential, external resistance, and electrode diameter). These transitions are accompanied by changes in the fast dynamics; a 'Hopf-Hopf' spiking is transformed to 'homoclinic-Hopf' spiking. The periodic bursting is destroyed through a period lengthening process in which the fast spiking region extends to a large fraction of the slow oscillatory cycle until there is no clear distinction between the fast and slow oscillations. Finally, it is shown that the time-scales of the fast spiking and, to a lesser extent, of the slow oscillations (or the occurrence of fast spiking) can be controlled with periodic perturbation of an experimental parameter, the circuit potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Z Kiss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 102 Engineers' Way, 22904-4741, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The fluctuations in force during a steady contraction can be influenced by age, vision, and level of physiological arousal. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a stressor on the force fluctuations and information transmission exhibited by young, middle-aged, and older adults when a pinch-grip task was performed with and without visual feedback. METHODS Thirty-six men and women (19-86 yr) participated in a protocol that comprised anticipatory (30 min), stressor (15 min), and recovery periods (25 min). The stressor was a series of noxious electrical stimuli applied to the dorsal surface of the left hand. Subjects sustained a pinch-grip force with the right hand at 2% of the maximal voluntary contraction force. The normalized fluctuations in pinch-grip force (coefficient of variation), information transmission (log2 signal:noise), and the spectra for the force were quantified across the 70-min protocol. RESULTS Removal of visual feedback exacerbated the force fluctuations (3.83+/- 3.15 vs 2.82+/- 1.64%) and reduced the information transmission (5.01+/- 0.86 vs 5.34+/- 0.71 bits) only during the stressor period. The effect was similar for all age groups. Older adults exhibited greater force fluctuations and lower information transmission compared with young and middle-aged adults, especially during the stressor period. The impairments in fine motor performance during the stressor were associated with an enhancement of the power at 1-2 Hz in the force spectrum (R=0.41-0.52). CONCLUSION Removal of visual feedback increased the force fluctuations and decreased information transmission during a stressor period, which suggests that integration of visual feedback can attenuate the stressor-induced enhancement of synaptic input received by the motor neuron pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos A Christou
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
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Denker M, Szücs A, Pinto RD, Abarbanel HDI, Selverston AI. A Network of Electronic Neural Oscillators Reproduces the Dynamics of the Periodically Forced Pyloric Pacemaker Group. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2005; 52:792-8. [PMID: 15887528 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2005.844272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional oscillators are a valuable model for the neuronal activity of isolated neurons. When coupled, the self-sustained oscillations of individual free oscillators are replaced by a collective network dynamics. Here, dynamical features of such a network, consisting of three electronic implementations of the Hindmarsh-Rose mathematical model of bursting neurons, are compared to those of a biological neural motor system, specifically the pyloric CPG of the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system. We demonstrate that the network of electronic neurons exhibits realistic synchronized bursting behavior comparable to the biological system. Dynamical properties were analyzed by injecting sinusoidal currents into one of the oscillators. The temporal bursting structure of the electronic neurons in response to periodic stimulation is shown to bear a remarkable resemblance to that observed in the corresponding biological network. These findings provide strong evidence that coupled nonlinear oscillators realistically reproduce the network dynamics experimentally observed in assemblies of several neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Denker
- Institut f Biologie, AG Neurobiologie, Freie Universität, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Christou EA, Jakobi JM, Critchlow A, Fleshner M, Enoka RM. The 1- to 2-Hz oscillations in muscle force are exacerbated by stress, especially in older adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2004; 97:225-35. [PMID: 15220319 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00066.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although force fluctuations during a steady contraction are often heightened in old adults compared with young adults and are enhanced in young adults during the stress response, the mechanisms underlying the augmentation are uncertain. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of a stressor on the plasma concentrations of selected stress hormones and on the force fluctuations experienced by young and old adults during the performance of a precision grip. Thirty-six men and women (19–86 yr) participated in a protocol that comprised anticipatory (30 min), stressor (15 min), and recovery periods (25 min). The stressor was a series of noxious electrical stimuli applied to the dorsal surface of the left hand. Subjects sustained a pinch-grip force with the right hand at 2% of the maximal voluntary contraction force. The fluctuations in pinch-grip force, the interference electromyogram (EMG) of six muscles, and the spectra for the force and EMG were quantified across the 70-min protocol. The stressor increased the force fluctuations, largely due to an enhancement of the power at 1–2 Hz in the force spectrum ( r2 = 0.46). The effect was greatest for the old adults compared with young and middle-aged adults. The plasma concentrations of the stress hormones (adrenocorticotropin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) were elevated to similar levels for all three age groups, and the changes were not associated with modulation of the force fluctuations. Furthermore, the heightened EMG activity exhibited by the old adults during all periods was not related to the changes in the force fluctuations or the 1- to 2-Hz force oscillations. The absence of a change in the mean pinch-grip force during the protocol and the lack of an association between elevation of the plasma concentrations for the stress hormones and modulation of the force fluctuations suggest that the enhanced force fluctuations caused by the stressor was due to an increase in the low-frequency output of the spinal motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos A Christou
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0354, USA.
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Semmler JG, Kornatz KW, Enoka RM. Motor-unit coherence during isometric contractions is greater in a hand muscle of older adults. J Neurophysiol 2003; 90:1346-9. [PMID: 12904514 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00941.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to quantify the strength of motor-unit coherence from the first dorsal interosseus muscle in young and old adults using data obtained in a previous study, where no differences in motor-unit synchronization between the two groups were observed. The strength of motor-unit coherence was quantified from 47 motor-unit pairs in 11 young adults (age 24.1 +/- 4.1 yrs) and from 48 motor-unit pairs in 14 old adults (age 70.4 +/- 5.9 yrs). The strength of motor-unit coherence was greater in old adults, particularly at low frequencies of 5-9 Hz (85% greater in old adults at 5 Hz). In addition, the older adults expressed an extra oscillation at approximately 12-13 Hz that was not present in the young subjects. These data demonstrate that common oscillatory inputs to motor neurons (motor-unit coherence) are enhanced in older adults despite no age-related difference in the strength of shared inputs (synchronization). Furthermore, the data emphasize that measures of motor-unit synchronization and coherence highlight different features of the same common input, and a coherence analysis may be a more sensitive tool to characterize shared input to motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Semmler
- School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, 3125 Victoria, Australia.
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Varona P, Rabinovich MI, Selverston AI, Arshavsky YI. Winnerless competition between sensory neurons generates chaos: A possible mechanism for molluscan hunting behavior. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2002; 12:672-677. [PMID: 12779595 DOI: 10.1063/1.1498155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of prey, the marine mollusk Clione limacina exhibits search behavior, i.e., circular motions whose plane and radius change in a chaotic-like manner. We have formulated a dynamical model of the chaotic hunting behavior of Clione based on physiological in vivo and in vitro experiments. The model includes a description of the action of the cerebral hunting interneuron on the receptor neurons of the gravity sensory organ, the statocyst. A network of six receptor model neurons with Lotka-Volterra-type dynamics and nonsymmetric inhibitory interactions has no simple static attractors that correspond to winner take all phenomena. Instead, the winnerless competition induced by the hunting neuron displays hyperchaos with two positive Lyapunov exponents. The origin of the chaos is related to the interaction of two clusters of receptor neurons that are described with two heteroclinic loops in phase space. We hypothesize that the chaotic activity of the receptor neurons can drive the complex behavior of Clione observed during hunting. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Varona
- Institute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0402Grupo de Neurocomputacion Biologica (GNB), Dpto. de Ingenieria Informatica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Latorre R, Rodríguez FB, Varona P. Characterization of Triphasic Rhythms in Central Pattern Generators (I): Interspike Interval Analysis. ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS — ICANN 2002 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46084-5_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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