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Bang JY, Kim S, Choi BM, Kim TY. Pharmacodynamic Analysis of the Influence of Propofol on Left Ventricular Long-Axis Systolic Performance in Cardiac Surgical Patients. J Korean Med Sci 2019; 34:e132. [PMID: 31020819 PMCID: PMC6484179 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol induced a decline in the left ventricular (LV) systolic performance in non-cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that propofol decreased the LV contractile function by dose dependent manner in cardiac surgery patients. METHODS Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled infusions of propofol and remifentanil in cardiac surgery patients. With a fixed effect-site concentration (Ce) of remifentanil (20 ng/mL) after sternotomy, the Ce of propofol was adjusted to maintain a Bispectral index of 40-60 (Ce1). Mitral annular Doppler tissue image tracings and other echocardiographic variables, including end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, stroke volume, and mitral inflow pulse wave Doppler profile at Ce1, were recorded using transesophageal echocardiography. Echocardiographic recordings were repeated after the Ce-values of propofol were doubled and tripled at 10-minute intervals (defined as Ce2 and Ce3, respectively). Serial changes in echocardiographic variables for each Ce of propofol were assessed using generalized linear mixed effect modeling. The pharmacodynamic relationship between the Ce of propofol and peak systolic mitral annular velocity (Sm) was analyzed by logistic regression using non-linear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM). RESULTS Means of Ce1, Ce2, and Ce3 were 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively, and their means of Sm (95% confidence interval) were 9.7 (9.3-10.2), 8.7 (8.2-9.1), and 7.5 cm/sec (7.0-8.0), respectively (P < 0.01). Ce values of propofol and Sm showed a significant inter-correlation and predictability (intercept, 10.8; slope-1.0 in generalized mixed linear modeling; P < 0.01). Ce values producing 10% and 20% decline of Sm with 50%-probability were 1.4 and 2.1 μ/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION Propofol reduces LV systolic long-axis performance in a dose-dependent manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01826149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Moon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim JD, Son I, Kwon WK, Sung TY, Sidik H, Kim K, Kang H, Bang J, Yeo GE, Lee DK, Kim TY. Isoflurane's Effect on Intraoperative Systolic Left Ventricular Performance in Cardiac Valve Surgery Patients. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e28. [PMID: 29318795 PMCID: PMC5760813 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane, a common anesthetic for cardiac surgery, reduced myocardial contractility in many experimental studies, few studies have determined isoflurane's direct impact on the left ventricular (LV) contractile function during cardiac surgery. We determined whether isoflurane dose-dependently reduces the peak systolic velocity of the lateral mitral annulus in tissue Doppler imaging (S') in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS During isoflurane-supplemented remifentanil-based anesthesia for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with preoperative LV ejection fraction greater than 50% (n = 20), we analyzed the changes of S' at each isoflurane dose increment (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]: T1, T2, and T3, respectively) with a fixed remifentanil dosage (1.0 μg/min/kg) by using transesophageal echocardiography. RESULTS Mean S' values (95% confidence interval [CI]) at T1, T2, and T3 were 10.5 (8.8-12.2), 9.5 (8.3-10.8), and 8.4 (7.3-9.5) cm/s, respectively (P < 0.001 in multivariate analysis of variance test). Their mean differences at T1 vs. T2, T2 vs. T3, and T1 vs. T3 were -1.0 (-1.6, -0.3), -1.1 (-1.7, -0.6), and -2.1 (-3.1, -1.1) cm/s, respectively. Phenylephrine infusion rates were significantly increased (0.26, 0.22, and 0.47 μg/kg/min at T1, T2, and T3, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Isoflurane increments (1.0-2.0 MAC) dose-dependently reduced LV systolic long-axis performance during cardiac surgeries with a preserved preoperative systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Deok Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ilsoon Son
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yun Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konyang University Hospital, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hanafi Sidik
- Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology and Perfusion Unit, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Tun Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Karam Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyon Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwi Eun Yeo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Yop Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Oh CS, Lee Y, Kang WS, Kim SH. Impact of effect-site concentration of propofol on cardiac systolic function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:453-61. [PMID: 27048387 PMCID: PMC5536705 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516635384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the relationship between effect-site concentration (CE) of propofol during total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and cardiac systolic function using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in patients undergoing cardiovascular procedures. Methods Stepwise increments of CE of propofol of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 µg/ml (modified Marsh model) were achieved using a target-controlled infusion device. Transthoracic echocardiographic assessments using TDI were performed for each CE of propofol and corresponding systolic myocardial velocity (s′), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and bispectral index (BIS) were evaluated. Results Data from 31 patients were analysed in this prospective study. The s′ velocity decreased with increasing propofol CE and values recorded at propofol CE 3.0 and 4.0 µg/ml were near or below 8 cm/s indicating abnormal cardiac systolic function. MAP, HR and BIS also decreased with each propofol CE increment. Conclusion Although the recommended dosage for propofol is up to 4.0 µg/ml, caution should be taken when using propofol concentrations above 2.0 µg/ml during TIVA in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Sik Oh
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yungu Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon-Seok Kang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyop Kim
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Effects of sevoflurane increments on left ventricular systolic long-axis performance during sevoflurane–remifentanil anesthesia for cardiovascular surgery. J Anesth 2015; 30:223-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-015-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Koc S, Aytekin M, Kalay N, Ozcetin M, Burucu T, Ozbek K, Celik A, Kadi H, Gulturk S, Koc F. The effect of adenotonsillectomy on right ventricle function and pulmonary artery pressure in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 76:45-8. [PMID: 22000211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) is the most common cause of upper airway obstruction in children. Severe upper airway obstruction may have an effect on chronic alveolar hypoventilation, which consequently may lead to right ventricle (RV) dysfunction induced by hypoxemic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The investigators aimed to study RV function and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) in patients with ATH who were undergoing adenotonsillectomy by using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE). METHODS The study examined 27 children with ATH who had a mean age of 8 ± 2 years. The subjects were comprised 17 (63%) males and 10 (37%) females. Hypertrophy of the tonsils was graded according to the Brodsky scale. Children having either grade 3 or 4 hypertrophied adenotonsils were recruited for the study. Adenotonsillectomy was performed on all subjects in the study group and echocardiographic examination was repeated 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS Tricuspid Em significantly increased after adenotonsillectomy (17.7 ± 3.6 vs. 19.1 ± 5.5, p=0.04). The RV myocardial performance index (MPI) and mPAP significantly decreased after adenotonsillectomy (RV MPI: 0.57 ± 0.13 vs. 0.40 ± 0.12, p<0.001 and mPAP (mmHg): 31 ± 9 vs. 25 ± 7, p=0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study, evaluated with the results of previous studies, demonstrated that adenotonsillectomy improved RV performance and reduced mPAP in children with ATH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Koc
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Medical Faculty, Otolaryngology Department, Tokat, Turkey
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Asada-Kamiguchi J, Tabata T, Popovic ZB, Greenberg NL, Kim YJ, Garcia MJ, Wallick DW, Mowrey KA, Zhuang S, Zhang Y, Mazgalev TN, Thomas JD, Grimm RA. Non-invasive assessment of left ventricular relaxation during atrial fibrillation using mitral flow propagation velocity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2009; 10:826-32. [PMID: 19692424 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jep083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the usefulness of the early diastolic mitral flow propagation velocity (V(p)) obtained from colour M-mode Doppler for non-invasively assessing left-ventricular (LV) relaxation during atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy adult dogs were studied to correlate V(p) with the invasive minimum value of the first derivative of LV pressure decay (dP/dt(min)) and the time constant of isovolumic LV pressure decay (tau) at baseline, during rapid and slow AF, and during AF after inducing myocardial infarction. There were significant positive and negative curvilinear relationships between V(p) and dP/dt(min) and tau, respectively, during rapid AF. After slowing the ventricular rate, the average value of V(p) increased, while dP/dt(min) increased and tau decreased. After inducing myocardial infarction, the average value of V(p) decreased, while dP/dt(min) decreased and tau increased. CONCLUSION The non-invasively obtained V(p) evaluates LV relaxation even during AF regardless of ventricular rhythm or the presence of pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Asada-Kamiguchi
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Skubas N. Intraoperative Doppler Tissue Imaging Is a Valuable Addition to Cardiac Anesthesiologists’ Armamentarium: A Core Review. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:48-66. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818a6c4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Application of Quantitative Tissue Velocity Imaging to Evaluate Left Ventricular Early Diastolic Dysfunction in Dogs With Heart Failure Due to Rapid Ventricular Pacing. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:1269-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hori Y, Kanai K, Nakao R, Hoshi F, Higuchi SI. Assessing diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography using a novel index: ratio of the transmitral early diastolic velocity to pulmonary diastolic velocity. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:359-66. [PMID: 18460830 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel index to assess left ventricular (LV) relaxation as the ratio of transmitral early diastolic velocity to pulmonary diastolic velocity (E/D ratio). Mixed breed dogs (n=7) were anesthetized and their respiration was controlled. A 3.5-Fr micromanometer-tipped catheter was placed into the left ventricle. Dobutamine (5.0 or 10 microg/kg/min) or esmolol (100 or 500 microg/kg/min) was administered via the cephalic vein. The transmitral flow (TMF) and pulmonary venous flow (PVF) were recorded using transthoracic echocardiography from the apical long-axis view. The heart rate, systolic LV pressure, +dP/dt, and -dP/dt were significantly elevated by dobutamine, but significantly reduced by esmolol. Dobutamine significantly decreased tau, whereas esmolol significantly increased tau. The TMF-derived E and PVF-derived D wave velocities increased significantly with dobutamine, but decreased significantly with esmolol. A significant correlation was detected between the E and D wave velocities (r=0.92). Consequently, the E/D ratio was decreased significantly with dobutamine, and increased significantly with esmolol. Furthermore, the E/D ratio was significantly correlated with -dP/dt (r= -0.64) and tau (r=0.84). Our results suggest that the E/D ratio reflects LV relaxation, and may potentially provide further information on LV relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
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Rate response and cardiac resynchronisation therapy in chronic heart failure: higher cardiac output does not acutely improve exercise performance: a pilot trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 15:197-202. [DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282f19d17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ugur MB, Dogan SM, Sogut A, Uzun L, Cinar F, Altin R, Aydin M. Effect of Adenoidectomy and/or Tonsillectomy on Cardiac Functions in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:202-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000124295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hori Y, Sato S, Hoshi F, Higuchi SI. Assessment of longitudinal tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular septum and free wall as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68:1051-7. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.68.10.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hori Y, Kano T, Hoshi F, Higuchi SI. Relationship between tissue Doppler-derived RV systolic function and invasive hemodynamic measurements. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H120-5. [PMID: 17322423 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00097.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is effective in assessing right ventricular (RV) function, but the relationship between invasive measurements and RV-TDI remains unclear. We investigated the RV systolic function by using the TDI-derived systolic myocardial (Sa) velocity and myocardial performance index (MPI). Beagles (n = 7) were anesthetized in the right lateral recumbent position. A 3.5-Fr micromanometer-tipped catheter was placed in the RV to determine the hemodynamic changes. Dobutamine (5.0 and 10 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)) and esmolol (50 and 100 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)) were infused intravenously. Pulsed Doppler (PD) and TDI measurements were performed in the apical four-chamber view. Compared with baseline, the PD-MPI decreased significantly with the dobutamine infusion at 5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) (P < 0.05). Both dobutamine infusions significantly decreased the TDI-MPI (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Esmolol increased the PD- and TDI-MPI but not significantly. Dobutamine significantly increased the Sa velocity (both P < 0.001), whereas esmolol had no effect. The Sa velocity was strongly correlated with the peak positive derivative of the RV pressure (+dP/dt; r = 0.93). The negative correlation between the +dP/dt and TDI-MPI (r = -086) was greater that with the PD-MPI (r = -0.54). Stepwise regression analysis showed that the Sa velocity and PD-derived isovolumic contraction time were identified to predict the +dP/dt (r = 0.94, r(2) = 0.89; P < 0.001). We determined that the systolic myocardial velocity and TDI-MPI were strongly correlated with the RV contractility. These results suggest that the TDI-derived systolic myocardial velocity and MPI predict RV systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 23-35-1 Higashi, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
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Lin MS, Lin JL, Liu YB, Wu CC, Lin LC, Chen MF. Immediate impairment of left ventricular mechanical performance and force–frequency relation by rate-responsive dual-chamber, but not atrial pacing: Implications from intraventricular isovolumic relaxation flow. Int J Cardiol 2006; 109:367-74. [PMID: 16054251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 06/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the maintenance of atrioventricular (AV) synchrony, the detrimental effect of left ventricular asynchronization on mechanical performance and intraventricular flow by nonphysiologic right ventricular apical pacing in dual-chamber pacing, with and without rate adaptation, is not clear. METHOD Twenty-seven consecutive patients receiving permanent pacemakers for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias (18 with DDD and 9 with AAI mode pacemakers) were evaluated with standard and tissue Doppler echocardiography before and 24 h after pacemaker implantation. The rate-response effect of pacing was studied by programmed rate with increments of 20, from 60 to 100/min. RESULTS Color M-mode echocardiography demonstrated that much more DDD patients developed new biphasic intraventricular flow during isovolumic relaxation period than AAI patients (13/18 versus 0/9, P<0.001). In DDD patients, the ventricular relaxation represented by mitral annulus velocity in early diastole significantly attenuated (before vs. after DDDR, 8.5+/-2.8 vs. 5.2+/-1.2 cm/s, P<0.05), and also the mitral flow propagation velocity (33+/-11 vs. 25+/-5 cm/s, P<0.01). The myocardial performance index increased after DDD (0.70+/-0.15 vs. 0.79+/-0.24, P<0.05) but not after AAI (0.61+/-0.1 vs. 0.59+/-0.08, P=NS). For both pacing groups, the accelerated pacing rate prolonged the isovolumic relaxation time and shortened the diastole period (P<0.001). However, only DDD patients had a decreased mitral flow propagation velocity (P=0.026) and an attenuated force-frequency relation in programmed rate acceleration. CONCLUSION Despite the AV synchrony, right ventricular apical pacing immediately attenuates the left ventricular contraction and relaxation performance, which deteriorated further and suppressed the physiologically positive force-frequency relation after accelerated pacing rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Shin Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10016, Taiwan
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Lim JG, Shapiro EP, Vaidya D, Najjar SS, Turner KL, Bacher AC, Ouyang P, Stewart KJ. Sex differences in left ventricular function in older persons with mild hypertension. Am Heart J 2005; 150:934-40. [PMID: 16290968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2005.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that women are at increased risk of developing heart failure secondary to hypertension. Other studies have documented sex differences in left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in the presence of pressure overload states such as seen in aortic stenosis and hypertension. It is less clear if sex differences are present among older persons with mild hypertension. METHODS One hundred seven healthy subjects, aged 55 to 75 years, with blood pressures ranging from 130 to 159 mm Hg systolic and/or 85 to 99 mm Hg diastolic, were examined by standard echocardiography and the newer modalities of tissue Doppler and color M-mode imaging. RESULTS Women had a lower peak mitral annular systolic velocity (Sm), 8.9 (95% CI 8.4-9.5) cm/s versus 10.2 (95% CI 9.6-11.0) cm/s, (P < .01) than men. Among women, increasing age was associated with a reduction in diastolic function. For every decade of age, peak early mitral annular diastolic velocity (Em) declined by 1.6 cm/s (P < .01), mitral inflow velocity of propagation (Vp) declined by 26% (P < .01), E/Vp ratio increased by 20% (P = .03), and E/Em ratio increased by 11% (P = .04) in women. No age-associated changes were seen in men. CONCLUSIONS As revealed by newer echocardiographic imaging modalities, women with mild hypertension showed greater reductions in systolic and diastolic function as they aged compared with men. Our findings are consistent with the increased risk older women have of developing heart failure because of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy G Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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D'Souza KA, Mooney DJ, Russell AE, MacIsaac AI, Aylward PE, Prior DL. Abnormal Septal Motion Affects Early Diastolic Velocities at the Septal And Lateral Mitral Annulus, and Impacts on Estimation of the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:445-53. [PMID: 15891754 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal motion of the interventricular septum (ASM), seen post cardiac operation, with left bundle branch block or right ventricular pacing, may affect septal mitral annular motion and correlation of the ratio between the velocity of early diastolic mitral inflow and the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/Ea) with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). We examined the effect of ASM on the relationship between E/Ea and E/Vp (propagation velocity of mitral inflow) ratios and PCWP in adult patients in the intensive care unit (14 with normal septal motion [NSM], 36 with ASM) undergoing echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization. E/Ea correlated well with PCWP during NSM ( r = 0.86 lateral annulus, r = 0.75 septal annulus), but poorly during ASM ( r = 0.36 lateral annulus, r = 0.39 septal annulus). E/Vp correlated poorly with PCWP ( r = 0.05 NSM, r = 0.17 ASM). For patients who are critically ill, E/Vp ratios poorly estimate PCWP. During NSM, E/Ea ratios measured at the lateral or septal annulus correlate well with PCWP. ASM affects E/Ea ratios at both the septal and lateral annulus, making E/Ea ratios unreliable for estimating PCWP in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Adele D'Souza
- Department of Cardiology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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