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Cerrudo CS, Cavallero S, Rodríguez Fermepín M, González GE, Donato M, Kouyoumdzian NM, Gelpi RJ, Hertig CM, Choi MR, Fernández BE. Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Profiles in Chronic Hypertension by Single or Sequentially Combined Renovascular and DOCA-Salt Treatments. Front Physiol 2021; 12:651246. [PMID: 34113261 PMCID: PMC8185994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of natriuretic peptides was studied during the hypertrophic remodeling transition mediated by sequential exposure to chronic hemodynamic overload. We induced hypertension in rats by pressure (renovascular) or volume overload (DOCA-salt) during 6 and 12 weeks of treatment. We also studied the consecutive combination of both models in inverse sequences: RV 6 weeks/DS 6 weeks and DS 6 weeks/RV 6 weeks. All treated groups developed hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular ANP gene expression were more pronounced in single DS than in single RV groups. BNP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in RV groups, while ANP gene expression was positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy only in DS groups. Combined models exhibited intermediate values between those of single groups at 6 and 12 weeks. The latter stimulus associated to the second applied overload is less effective than the former to trigger cardiac hypertrophy and to increase ANP and BNP gene expression. In addition, we suggest a correlation of ANP synthesis with volume overload and of BNP synthesis with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy after a prolonged treatment. Volume and pressure overload may be two mechanisms, among others, involved in the differential regulation of ANP and BNP gene expression in hypertrophied left ventricles. Plasma ANP levels reflect a response to plasma volume increase and volume overload, while circulating BNP levels seem to be regulated by cardiac BNP synthesis and ventricular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Cerrudo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Cavallero
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Rodríguez Fermepín
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás M. Kouyoumdzian
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Facultad de Medicina, CONICET, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M. Hertig
- Instituto de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo R. Choi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H. A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belisario E. Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedras de Fisiopatología y Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H. A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Saroj C, Juthika M, Tao Y, Xi C, Ji-Youn Y, Cameron MG, Camilla WF, Lauren KG, Jennifer HW, Matam VK, Bina J. Metabolites and Hypertension: Insights into Hypertension as a Metabolic Disorder: 2019 Harriet Dustan Award. Hypertension 2020; 75:1386-1396. [PMID: 32336227 PMCID: PMC7225070 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 100 years, essential hypertension has been researched from different perspectives ranging from genetics, physiology, and immunology to more recent ones encompassing microbiology (microbiota) as a previously underappreciated field of study contributing to the cause of hypertension. Each field of study in isolation has uniquely contributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Even so, clinical management of essential hypertension has remained somewhat static. We, therefore, asked if there are any converging lines of evidence from these individual fields that could be amenable for a better clinical prognosis. Accordingly, here we present converging evidence which support the view that metabolic dysfunction underlies essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakraborty Saroj
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mandal Juthika
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yang Tao
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Cheng Xi
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yeo Ji-Youn
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - McCarthy G. Cameron
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wenceslau F. Camilla
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Koch G. Lauren
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hill W. Jennifer
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Vijay-Kumar Matam
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joe Bina
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Mondo CK, Zhang Y, de Macedo Possamai V, Miao Y, Schyvens CG, McKenzie KUS, Hu L, Guo Z, Whitworth JA. N-Acetylcysteine Antagonizes the Development But Does Not Reverse ACTH-Induced Hypertension in the Rat. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 28:73-84. [PMID: 16546835 DOI: 10.1080/10641960500468219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received NAC (10 mg/L) or water 4 days before ACTH/saline treatment for 13 days (prevention study). In a reversal study, NAC commenced on day 8 of ACTH/saline treatment and continued for 5 days. ACTH increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in water drinking rats (111 +/- 1 to 131 +/- 3 mmHg, p < 0.001). In the prevention study, NAC + ACTH increased SBP (108 +/- 2 to 120 +/- 2 mmHg, p < 0.001) but less than ACTH alone (p' < 0.05). In the reversal study, NAC had no significant effect (132 +/- 4 to 124 +/- 3 mmHg, ns). Thus, NAC partially prevented but did not reverse ACTH-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K Mondo
- Institute of Cardiology, 2nd Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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Cavallero S, González GE, Puyó AM, Rosón MI, Pérez S, Morales C, Hertig CM, Gelpi RJ, Fernández BE. Atrial natriuretic peptide behaviour and myocyte hypertrophic profile in combined pressure and volume-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J Hypertens 2007; 25:1940-50. [PMID: 17762660 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282435b1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and hormonal profile in cardiac hypertrophy resulting from sequentially applied overloads. METHODS We studied Sprague-Dawley rats with renovascular hypertension (RV), where pressure overload predominates, or deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt (DS), where volume overload predominates, at 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and the combination of both models in inverse sequence: RV 2 weeks/DS 2 weeks (RV2/DS2) and DS 2 weeks/RV 2 weeks (DS2/RV2), and their sham controls (Sh). RESULTS Blood pressure and cardiomyocyte diameter increased to a similar extent in RV and DS at 2 and 4 weeks and in combined models. Cardiomyocyte length increased remarkably in the DS4 group. Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was elevated in all hypertensive groups after 2 and 4 weeks. The RV2/DS2 group showed similar plasma ANP levels to RV4, but DS2/RV2 exhibited a three-fold increase in ANP levels (P<0.001 versus Sh4, DS2 and DS4). Atrial ANP mRNA remained unchanged in all groups. DS treatment alone or in combination with RV increased left ventricular ANP mRNA, meanwhile only RV treatment increased left ventricular B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA. Ventricular ANP expression levels, but not circulating ANP, correlated with both cardiomyocyte diameter (r=0.859, P<0.01) and length (r=0.848, P<0.01). Renal expression of natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) was unchanged in RV4 but decreased to a similar extent in the DS4 group and both combined treatments. CONCLUSION Morphometric patterns seem to be more related to the paracrine function of the heart than to the secretion of ANP and the endocrine function. Plasma ANP in the DS2/RV2 group could indicate a different evolution of the remodelling process. ANP expression seems to be a more sensitive marker for volume than for pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cavallero
- Departments of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), National Council of Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET), Argentina.
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Heyman SN, Goldfarb M, Shina A, Karmeli F, Rosen S. N-acetylcysteine ameliorates renal microcirculation: studies in rats. Kidney Int 2003; 63:634-41. [PMID: 12631128 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration has been shown to ameliorate experimental acute renal failure induced by ischemia-reflow, and was found to prevent radiocontrast nephropathy in high-risk patients. While the protective effect of NAC has been primarily attributed to scavenging oxygen free radicals, improving renal microcirculation also may play a role in the prevention of acute renal failure. METHODS This study was designed to explore the effect of NAC on renal microcirculation. Blood pressure, total renal blood flow and selective regional cortical and outer medullary blood flow were continuously monitored in anesthetized Sprague Dawley rats with ultrasonic and laser-Doppler probes during the infusion of NAC (60 mg/kg). RESULTS In control intact rats blood pressure and renal microcirculation were unaffected by NAC. By contrast, following renal vasoconstriction induced by the radiocontrast agent iothalamate meglumine, NAC decreased total, cortical and medullary vascular resistance by 7 to 10% (P < 0.05). NAC also reduced renal vascular resistance by 16% when given during angiotensin II infusion (P < 0.05). Altered renal microcirculation, induced by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, by the nitric oxide synthase-inhibitor, Nomeganitro-l-arginine (L-NAME), or with their combination was partially restored by NAC. Nevertheless, NAC administration failed to attenuate renal function and morphology in a rat model of acute renal failure with selective outer medullary hypoxic injury, induced by indomethacin, L-NAME and iothalamate. CONCLUSIONS NAC ameliorates renal vasoconstriction, an effect that seems to be mediated by mechanisms other than prostaglandins and nitric oxide. The potential renoprotective outcome of NAC and the role of its vasodilating effect on the pre-constricted renal vasculature should be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Heyman
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus and the Hebrew University Medical School, and Nephrology Unit, Bikur Holim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Abstract
Patients with moderate to severe renal disease have a very high incidence of hypertension. In end-stage renal disease (ESRD) this is true regardless of the nature of the underlying renal disease. Nevertheless, patients with glomerular diseases and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are particularly vulnerable. Evidence is presented that ESRD hypertension is the result of extracellular volume expansion, increased or inappropriate response of the renin-angiotensin system and overactivity of the sympathetic system. In addition, the role of endothelin-1, nitric oxide and other vasodilators, and abnormal ion channels in generating high blood pressure, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martínez-Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Georgia, USA.
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