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Mortazavi H, Baharvand M, Safi Y, Dalaie K, Behnaz M, Safari F. Common conditions associated with mandibular canal widening: A literature review. Imaging Sci Dent 2019; 49:87-95. [PMID: 31281785 PMCID: PMC6597376 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2019.49.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to review the common conditions associated with mandibular canal widening. Materials and Methods General search engines and specialized databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Scopus were used to find relevant studies by using the following keywords: “mandibular canal,” “alveolar canal,” “inferior alveolar nerve canal,” “inferior dental canal,” “inferior mandibular canal,” “widening,” “enlargement,” “distension,” “expansion,” and “dilation.” Results In total, 130 articles were found, of which 80 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 38 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the data were compiled, the following 7 lesions were found to have a relationship with mandibular canal widening: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, osteosarcoma, schwannoma, neurofibroma, vascular malformation/hemangioma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, and perineural spreading or invasion. Conclusion When clinicians encounter a lesion associated with mandibular canal widening, they should immediately consider these entities in the differential diagnosis. Doing so will help dentists make more accurate diagnoses and develop better treatment plans based on patients' radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mortazavi
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baharvand
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Safi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Dalaie
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Behnaz
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Radiographic Enlargement of Mandibular Canal as an Extranodal Primary Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Early Sign in an Asymptomatic Patient. Case Rep Dent 2017; 2017:9193165. [PMID: 28299210 PMCID: PMC5337308 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9193165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder, from a subgroup of heterogeneous hematologic malignancies; the term “extranodal” refers to malignant involvement of tissues other than lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, pharyngeal lymphatic ring, or thymus. Only 0.6% of all NHL are at mandible alone, and it may involve the inferior alveolar canal. We describe a case of bilateral enlargement of the mandibular canal without symptomatology, which was shown in a panoramic radiograph and cone beam computed tomography in a rehabilitation routine exam, as an early sign of primary extranodal NHL.
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Kumar K, Shilpasree AS, Chaudhary M. Oral Manifestations and Molecular Basis of Oral Genodermatoses: A Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE08-12. [PMID: 27437377 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17647.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genodermatoses refers to group of inherited monogenic disorders with skin manifestations. Many of these disorders are rare and also have oral manifestations, called oral genodermatoses. This article provides a focused review of molecular basis of important genodermatoses that affects the oral cavity and also have prominent associated dermatologic features. In several conditions discussed here, the oral findings are distinct and may provide the first clue of an underlying genetic diagnosis. The article also emphasises on the prenatal diagnosis, genetic counselling and the treatment oral genodermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- Reader, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital , Sattur, Dharwad, India
| | - A S Shilpasree
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital , Sattur, Dharwad, India
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4
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MacIntosh RB, Shivapuja PK, Krzemien MB, Lee M. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B: Maxillofacial Significance in 5 Cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:2498.e1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Shafer
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Lisa Marie Di Pasquale
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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6
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Unilateral widening of the inferior alveolar nerve canal: a rare anatomic variant mimicking disease. Oral Radiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-012-0118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Usami Y, Takenobu T, Kurihara R, Imai Y, Shinohara S, Fukuda Y, Toyosawa S. Neural hyperplasia in maxillary bone of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B patient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:783-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Accurso B, Mercado A, Allen CM. Multiple endocrine neoplasia-2B presenting with orthodontic relapse. Angle Orthod 2010; 80:585-90. [PMID: 20050756 DOI: 10.2319/042009-222.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a relatively uncommon group of genetic disorders characterized by the development of tumors in various endocrine organs. MEN type 2B is of particular interest to the dental profession because of its oral manifestations, which are often some of the earliest clinically detectable signs of the disorder. Early identification of this syndrome is critical because affected patients often develop a characteristic malignancy, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, at a very early age. We describe a 17-year-old male whose initial diagnosis of MEN-2B was triggered by his orthodontist's request for an oral and maxillofacial pathology consultation to evaluate the patient's oral abnormalities.
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Sahin A, Yildirim N. Ocular findings in a child with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2008; 45:313-5. [PMID: 18825906 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20080901-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 16-year-old girl was admitted with severe bilateral conjunctival hyperemia and stinging lasting for more than 1 year. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination revealed extremely thickened corneal nerves and multiple small plexiform subconjunctival neuromas. Both eyes had thickened upper and lower eyelids and a neuroma was found on the left upper conjunctival lid margin. On physical examination, a 2 x 3 cm nodule was detected within the thyroid gland. Medullary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy and thyroidectomy ensued. Further investigation with abdominal computed tomography revealed a pheochromocytoma (3 x 4.5 x 2 cm) of the right adrenal gland, which was removed surgically. Ophthalmologists must remember multiple endocrine neoplasia 2b in the presence of greatly thickened corneal nerves and subconjunctival neuroma because this may be the first sign of the disease. Early diagnosis and prophylactic thyroidectomy may be life saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsun Sahin
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Meselik, Eskisehir, Turkey
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10
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Widening of the inferior alveolar canal: a case report with atypical lymphocytic infiltration of the nerve. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:e35-9. [PMID: 18675564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Widening of the inferior alveolar (mandibular) canal is a rare radiological finding. It is most often associated with neurofibromatosis. Rarely, a malignant process such as lymphoma may cause ill-defined enlargement of the mandibular canal. We present a unique case of a 33-year-old male who gradually developed sensory loss of his left lower lip and cheek and a well-defined tube-like widening of his left mandibular canal. The histopathological findings of the lesion were unusual in that they indicated atypical lymphocytic infiltration of the nerve tissue. The differential diagnoses regarding the clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings are discussed.
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Abstract
Many genodermatoses have distinct oral features that may help identify or confirm a genetic diagnosis. Oral features of the disorders described here are summarized in Table 1. These conditions provide clear examples of rapid progress in the field of genetic technology relevant to patient care. Less than a decade ago, the exact genetic locus of most of these disorders was unknown. Today, for many of these disorders, the exact location of the disease-causing mutation is known and clinical genetic testing is available for patients. This information has impact not only for genetic counseling and anticipatory medical care, but also provides insight into the mechanisms of disease. How this rapid progress will impact care, and ultimately treatment of patients, remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hand
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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12
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Yamada T, Kitagawa Y, Ogasawara T, Yamamoto S, Ishii Y, Urasaki Y. Enlargement of mandibular canal without hypesthesia caused by extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2000; 89:388-92. [PMID: 10710468 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(00)70107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A rare condition of enlargement of the mandibular canal caused by an extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a 59-year-old Japanese woman was reported. The patient had a swelling of the hard palate and protrusion of both ocular bulbs, which had been present for 10 years. A panoramic radiograph revealed that the right mandibular canal was widely enlarged, extending from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, without bone destruction. The continuous dilation of the mandibular canal to an approximate 15-mm width was associated with peripheral bony sclerosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft tissue tumor inside the mandibular canal. The lesion demonstrated expansive growth in the orbits, extending to the skull base through the superior orbital fissures and cavernous sinus. The lymphoma was suspected to have grown so slowly that the adjacent mandibular canal and ocular bulbs enlarged without destroying the normal bone and nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery and Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical University, Japan.
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13
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Halpern LR, Chase DC. Perioperative Management of Patients with Endocrine Dysfunction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1042-3699(20)30938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ohta M, Tokuda Y, Suzuki Y, Kuge S, Okumura A, Kubota M, Tajima T, Osamura RY, Mitomi T. A case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997; 27:268-73. [PMID: 9379517 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/27.4.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A sporadic case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B in a twenty-six year old man who manifested medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple mucosal neuromas of the tongue and a marfanoid habitus is reported. At the time of diagnosis, he also had multiple liver and lung metastases. Genetic analysis of his lymphocytes revealed a point mutation in exon 16 of the RET proto-oncogene. Since multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B has a relatively poor prognosis because of the occasional aggressive behavior of medullary thyroid carcinoma, the necessity of the genetic diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia in the early stage is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohta
- Department of Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Kahn MA, Cote GJ, Gagel RF. RET protooncogene mutational analysis in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2B: case report and review of the literature. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1996; 82:288-94. [PMID: 8884827 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2B (MEN 2B), is a phenotypic variant of a group of autosomal-dominant neurocristopathies. MEN 2B is associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma with oral, ocular, and alimentary submucosal ganglioneuromas and Marfanoid body features. Approximately 50% of cases are thought to be spontaneous mutations. The RET protooncogene (RET) is a 21-exon gene encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor. A codon 918 germ line mutation, which converts a highly conserved methionine to a threonine in the intracellular tyrosine kinase portion of this receptor of RET, has been identified in 95% of patients with MEN 2B. This mutation is easily detected by a direct deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing or restriction enzyme (Fok 1) analysis of amplified polymerase chain reaction products. The RET gene is normally expressed in the oral and gastrointestinal submucosal neural ganglia, and the codon 918 mutation is thought to cause neuromas by virtue of its transforming activity in these ganglia. Identifying clinical features of MEN 2B in an 11-year-old boy by an oral pathologist led to confirmation by mutational analysis. Before genetic testing was available, the patient, and at a later date his mother, underwent thyroidectomies based solely on biochemical testing. Results indicated the patient had the codon 918 mutation, whereas his phenotypically normal mother, father, and older brother had normal RET analyses. Studies in families have demonstrated that the mutant allele is derived from the father with possible acquisition during spermatogenesis. We believe the mother of our affected patient to be normal; the absence of phenotypic features of MEN 2B and a normal genotype suggest her calcitonin abnormalities and minimal evidence for C-cell hyperplasia were inconsequential. Molecular analysis for RET abnormalities will likely supplant biochemical methods of diagnosis in patients with MEN 2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kahn
- Department of Biologic and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, USA
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Haveman CW, Sloan TB, Long RT. Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type III: review and case report. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 1995; 15:102-6. [PMID: 8619170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type III (MEN III) syndrome requires early diagnosis. It is highly possible that the patient's dentist may be the first practitioner with the opportunity to diagnose this potentially fatal syndrome. Additionally, patients with this syndrome having a pheochromocytoma and needing invasive dental treatment pose a life-threatening dental management risk. This article presents a review of the MEN II syndrome and a case report on the surgical management of a MEN III patient with a pheochromocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Haveman
- Advanced General Dentistry Clinic, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78284-7914, USA
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