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Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 Using a Combination of Non-Thermal Plasma and Mn-Cu/ZSM5 Catalyst. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) could generate non-thermal plasma (NTP) with the advantage of fast reactivity and high energy under atmosphere pressure and low-temperature. The presented work investigated the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide (NO) using a combination of NTP and an Mn-Cu/ZSM5 catalyst with ammonia (NH3) as a reductant. The experimental results illustrate that the plasma-assisted SCR process enhances the low-temperature catalytic performance of the Mn-Cu/ZSM5 catalyst significantly, and it exhibits an obvious improvement in the NO removal efficiency. The reaction temperature is maintained at 200 °C in order to simulate the exhaust temperature of diesel engine, and the 10% Mn-8% Cu/ZSM5 catalyst shows the highest NO removal performance with about 93.89% at an energy density of 500 J L−1 and the selectivity to N2 is almost 99%. The voltage, frequency and energy density have a positive correlation to NO removal efficiency, which is positively correlated with the power of NTP system. In contrast, the O2 concentration has a negative correlation to the NO removal, and the NO removal efficiency cannot be improved when the NO removal process reaches reaction equilibrium in the NTP system.
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2
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New Experiment of Diesel Exhaust Treatment by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma–Wood Fiber Combination. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel process of diesel exhaust purification by non-thermal plasma combined with wood fiber has been investigated to understand the effect of purification efficiency on the emission. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and wood fiber (WF) improved removal efficiency of nitrogen oxide (NOx) owing to the positive activity of oxygen-containing functional groups (such as O–H groups or C–O groups) on the wood surface, which promoted the removal of NOx by 10%–13%. The mechanism to remove NOx in the presence of wood fibers was also deduced through FTIR spectra. When carbon black was loaded on the wood fiber, there was simultaneous removal of carbon soot and NOX. Although complete purification was not achieved, a high purification efficiency was obtained under the conditions of room temperature and no catalysts. These advantages highlight the importance of use of wood and non-thermal plasma (NTP), and this research work opens new avenues in the field of emissions treatment.
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Yang L, Zhang X, Kan Q, Zhao B, Ma X. Effect of gas composition on nitric oxide removal from simulated flue gas with DBD-NPC method. Chin J Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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NO Removal by Plasma-Enhanced NH3-SCR Using Methane as an Assistant Reduction Agent at Low Temperature. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9132751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effects of using CH4 as an assistant reduction agent in plasma-assisted NH3–SCR were investigated. The new hybrid reaction system performed better than DBD–NH3–SCR when the O2 concentration varied from 2% to 12%. Compared with DBD–NH3–SCR, DBD–NH3–CH4–SCR (NH3:CH4 = 1:1) showed a more significant promotion effect on the performance and N2 selectivity for NOX abatement. When the O2 concentration was 6% and the SIE was 512 J/L, the NO removal efficiency of the new hybrid system reached 84.5%. The outlet gas components were observed via FTIR to reveal the decomposition process and its mechanism. This work indicated that CH4, as an assistant agent, enhances DBD–NH3–SCR in excess oxygen to achieve a new process with significantly higher activity at a low temperature (≤348 K) for NOX removal.
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Oskooei AB, Koohsorkhi J, Mehrpooya M. Simulation of plasma-assisted catalytic reduction of NOx, CO, and HC from diesel engine exhaust with COMSOL. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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High-Efficiency Catalytic Conversion of NOx by the Synergy of Nanocatalyst and Plasma: Effect of Mn-Based Bimetallic Active Species. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three typical Mn-based bimetallic nanocatalysts of Mn−Fe/TiO2, Mn−Co/TiO2, Mn−Ce/TiO2 were synthesized via the hydrothermal method to reveal the synergistic effects of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and bimetallic nanocatalysts on NOx catalytic conversion. The plasma-catalyst hybrid catalysis was investigated compared with the catalytic effects of plasma alone and nanocatalyst alone. During the catalytic process of catalyst alone, the catalytic activities of all tested catalysts were lower than 20% at ambient temperature. While in the plasma-catalyst hybrid catalytic process, NOx conversion significantly improved with discharge energy enlarging. The maximum NOx conversion of about 99.5% achieved over Mn−Ce/TiO2 under discharge energy of 15 W·h/m3 at ambient temperature. The reaction temperature had an inhibiting effect on plasma-catalyst hybrid catalysis. Among these three Mn-based bimetallic nanocatalysts, Mn−Ce/TiO2 displayed the optimal catalytic property with higher catalytic activity and superior selectivity in the plasma-catalyst hybrid catalytic process. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of these three typical Mn-based bimetallic nanocatalysts were analyzed by N2 adsorption, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The multiple characterizations demonstrated that the plasma-catalyst hybrid catalytic performance was highly dependent on the phase compositions. Mn−Ce/TiO2 nanocatalyst presented the optimal structure characteristic among all tested samples, with the largest surface area, the minished particle sizes, the reduced crystallinity, and the increased active components distributions. In the meantime, the ratios of Mn4+/(Mn2+ + Mn3+ + Mn4+) in the Mn−Ce/TiO2 sample was the highest, which was beneficial to plasma-catalyst hybrid catalysis. Generally, it was verified that the plasma-catalyst hybrid catalytic process with the Mn-based bimetallic nanocatalysts was an effective approach for high-efficiency catalytic conversion of NOx, especially at ambient temperature.
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Chen S, Wang H, Shi M, Ye H, Wu Z. Deep Oxidation of NO by a Hybrid System of Plasma-N-Type Semiconductors: High-Energy Electron-Activated "Pseudo Photocatalysis" Behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8568-8577. [PMID: 29969895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A "pseudo photocatalysis" process, being initiated between plasma and N-type semiconductors in the absence of light, was investigated for NO removal for the first time via dynamic probing of reaction processes by FT-IR spectra. It was demonstrated that N-type semiconductor catalysts could be activated to produce electron-hole (e--h+) pairs by the collision of high-energy electrons (e*) from plasma. Due to the synergy of plasma and N-type semiconductors, major changes were noted in the conversion pathways and products. NO can be directly converted to NO2- and NO3- instead of toxic NO2, owing to the formation of O2- and ·OH present in catalysts. New species like O3 or ·O may be generated from the interaction between catalyst-induced species and radicals in plasma at a higher SIE, leading to deep oxidation of existing NO2 to N2O5. Experiments with added trapping agents confirmed the contribution of e- and h+ from catalysts. A series of possible reactions were proposed to describe reaction pathways and the mechanism of this synergistic effect. We established a novel system and realized an e*-activated "pseudo photocatalysis" behavior, facilitating the deep degradation of NO. We expect that this new strategy would provide a new idea for in-depth analysis of plasma-activated catalysis phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resources Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resources Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Mengpa Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resources Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Haoling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resources Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resources Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler & Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310027 , P.R. China
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Chen JX, Pan KL, Yu SJ, Yen SY, Chang MB. Combined fast selective reduction using Mn-based catalysts and nonthermal plasma for NOx removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21496-21508. [PMID: 28748438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concept of fast SCR for NO reduction with NH3 as reducing agent is realized via the combination of nonthermal plasma (NTP) with Mn-based catalyst. Experimental results indicate that 10% wt. Mn-Ce-Ni/TiO2 possesses better physical and chemical properties of surface, resulting in higher NO removal efficiency if compared with 10% wt. Mn-Ce/TiO2 and 10% wt. Mn-Ce-Cu/TiO2. Mn-Ce-Ni/TiO2 of 10% wt. achieves 100% NOx conversion at 150 °C, while 10% wt. Mn-Ce/TiO2 and 10% wt. Mn-Ce-Cu/TiO2 need to be operated at a temperature above 200 °C for 100% NOx conversion. However, NO conversion achieved with 10% wt. Mn-Ce-Ni/TiO2 is significantly reduced as H2O(g) and SO2 are introduced into the SCR system simultaneously. Further, two-stage system (SCR with DBD) is compared with the catalyst-alone for NOx conversion and N2 selectivity. The results indicate that 100% NOx conversion can be achieved with two-stage system at 100 °C, while N2 selectivity reaches 80%. Importantly, NOx conversion achieved with two-stage system could maintain >95% in the presence of C2H4, CO, SO2, and H2O(g), indicating that two-stage system has better tolerance for complicated gas composition. Overall, this study demonstrates that combining NTP with Mn-based catalyst is effective in reducing NOx emission at a low temperature (≤200 °C) and has good potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Lun Pan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Jen Yu
- Green Energy and Environment Institute, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shaw Yi Yen
- Green Energy and Environment Institute, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Moo Been Chang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
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11
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Kuwahara T, Nakaguchi H, Kuroki T, Okubo M. Continuous reduction of cyclic adsorbed and desorbed NO(x) in diesel emission using nonthermal plasma. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 308:216-224. [PMID: 26844402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Considering the recent stringent regulations governing diesel NO(x) emission, an aftertreatment system for the reduction of NO(x) in the exhaust gas has been proposed and studied. The proposed system is a hybrid method combining nonthermal plasma and NOx adsorbent. The system does not require precious metal catalysts or harmful chemicals such as urea and ammonia. In the present system, NO(x) in diesel emission is treated by adsorption and desorption by adsorbent as well as nonthermal plasma reduction. In addition, the remaining NO(x) in the adsorbent is desorbed again in the supplied air by residual heat. The desorbed NO(x) in air recirculates into the intake of the engine, and this process, i.e., exhaust gas components' recirculation (EGCR) achieves NO(x) reduction. Alternate utilization of two adsorption chambers in the system can achieve high-efficiency NO(x) removal continuously. An experiment with a stationary diesel engine for electric power generation demonstrates an energy efficiency of 154 g(NO2)/kWh for NO(x) removal and continuous NO(x) reduction of 70.3%. Considering the regulation against diesel emission in Japan, i.e., the new regulation to be imposed on vehicles of 3.5-7.5 ton since 2016, the present aftertreatment system fulfills the requirement with only 1.0% of engine power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuwahara
- Department of Products Engineering and Environmental Management, Nippon Institute of Technology, 4-1 Gakuendai, Miyashiro-machi, Minamisaitama, Saitama 345-8501, Japan
| | - Harunobu Nakaguchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kuroki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okubo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan.
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12
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Takahara Y, Ikeda A, Nagata M, Sekine Y. Low-temperature NO decomposition in humidified condition using plasma–catalyst system. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Yoshida K, Kuwahara T, Kuroki T, Okubo M. Diesel NO(x) aftertreatment by combined process using temperature swing adsorption, NO(x) reduction by nonthermal plasma, and NO(x) recirculation: improvement of the recirculation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 231-232:18-25. [PMID: 22771347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NO(x) emitted from a stationary diesel engine generator was treated with a hybrid system comprising NO(x) reduction by nonthermal plasma (NTP) and temperature swing adsorption (TSA) driven by engine waste heat. TSA produces a low-volume gas mixture of N(2) and highly concentrated NO(x), which is effectively reduced by NTP treatment. Improved treatment performance and efficiency are achieved by re-injecting the NTP-treated gas mixture into the engine intake. The system comprises two switchable adsorption chambers; the operation of this system was simulated by using a one-chamber system. The maximum energy efficiency for NO(x) treatment is 200 g(NO(2))/kWh. The respective contributions of NTP and injection of N(2) and NO(x) to the performance were theoretically analyzed. The analysis predicts that high energy efficiency and high NO(x)-removal efficiency can be simultaneously achieved with this system but miniaturization of the adsorption chambers will be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Yoshida
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Omiya, Osaka 535-8585, Japan.
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Wang H, Yu Q, Xiao L, Liu T, Yu W, Jiang X, Zhang X, Zheng X. Superior Storage Performance for NO in Modified Natural Mordenite. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Qinqin Yu
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Liping Xiao
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Wanjin Yu
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jiang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- Hangzhou Kaiming Catalysis Co., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejing 310028, China
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Yu Q, Wang H, Liu T, Xiao L, Jiang X, Zheng X. High-efficiency removal of NOx using a combined adsorption-discharge plasma catalytic process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2337-2344. [PMID: 22260249 DOI: 10.1021/es203405c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A combined adsorption-discharge plasma catalytic process was used for the removal of NO(x) using zeolites as catalysts without external heating. It was found that the types of plasma carrier gases exert great effect on the conversion of adsorbed NO(x). The conversion of adsorbed NO(x) is much lower in N(2) plasma than in Ar plasma, which is attributed to the reverse reaction, NO(x) formation reaction. The momentary increase of oxygen species derived from the decomposition of adsorbed NO(x) is considered to be the main cause as their collisions with nitrogen species can generate NO(x) again. Thus, solid carbon was added to the catalyst to act as a scavenger for active oxygen species to improve the conversion of adsorbed NO(x) in N(2) plasma. A NO(x) removal rate of 97.8% was obtained on 8.5wt.% carbon mixed H-ZSM-5 at an energy efficiency of 0.758 mmol NO(x)/W·h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Yu
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (XiXi Campus), Hangzhou 310028, China
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16
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Gao F, Liu B, Sun W, Wu Y, Dong L. The influence of microwave plasma pretreated CuO/TiO2 catalysts in NO+CO reaction. Catal Today 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Li K, Tang X, Yi H, Ning P, Song J, Wang J. Mechanism of Catalytic Oxidation of NO over Mn–Co–Ce–Ox Catalysts with the Aid of Nonthermal Plasma at Low Temperature. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie200957w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Honghong Yi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Jinghao Song
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Jiangen Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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Guan B, Lin H, Cheng Q, Huang Z. Removal of NOx with Selective Catalytic Reduction Based on Nonthermal Plasma Preoxidation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie1019744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guan
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Song CL, Bin F, Tao ZM, Li FC, Huang QF. Simultaneous removals of NOx, HC and PM from diesel exhaust emissions by dielectric barrier discharges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 166:523-30. [PMID: 19128874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main target of this work is to characterize the abatements of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) from an actual diesel exhaust using dielectric barrier discharge technology (DBD). The effects of several parameters, such as peak voltage, frequency and engine load, on the contaminant removals have been investigated intensively. The present study shows that for a given frequency, the removals of PM and HC are enhanced with the increase of peak voltage and level off at higher voltage, while in the range of higher voltages a decline of NO(x) removal efficiency is observed. For a given voltage, the maximums of specific energy density (SED) and removal efficiency are attained at resonance point. The increase of peak voltage will result in a significant decrease of energy utilization efficiency of DBD at most engine loads. Alkanes in soluble organic fraction (SOF) are more readily subjected to removals than polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Lin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Li J, Ke R, Li W, Hao J. Mechanism of selective catalytic reduction of NO over Ag/Al2O3 with the aid of non-thermal plasma. Catal Today 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2008.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wu Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Gu Z. Photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide with immobilized titanium dioxide films synthesized by hydrothermal method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 151:17-25. [PMID: 17606324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of nitric oxide (NO) with immobilized TiO2 films was studied in this paper. The immobilized TiO2 films were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The characterization for the physicochemical properties of catalysts prepared under different hydrothermal conditions were carried out by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements (BET) and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). It was found that the PCO efficiency of the catalyst was mainly depended on the hydrothermal conditions. The optimal values of hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time were 200 degrees C and 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, it was also known that the photocatalytic efficiency would decrease remarkably when the calcination temperature was over than 450 degrees C. Under the optimal conditions (hydrothermal condition: 200 degrees C for 24 h; calcination temperature: 450 degrees C), the photocatalytic efficiency of catalyst could reach 60% higher than that of Degussa P25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Okubo M, Kuroki T, Yoshida K, Yamamoto T. Simultaneous Reduction of Diesel Particulate and NOx Using Oxygen-Poor Nonthermal Plasma Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1109/07ias.2007.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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A comparison study on non-thermal plasma-assisted catalytic reduction of NO by C3H6 at low temperatures between Ag/USY and Ag/Al2O3 catalysts. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Chapter 1 Introduction: State of the art in the development of catalytic processes for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx into N2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(07)80202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Shimizu KI, Satsuma A. Selective catalytic reduction of NO over supported silver catalysts--practical and mechanistic aspects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2677-95. [PMID: 16763698 DOI: 10.1039/b601794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective catalytic reduction of NO by hydrocarbons (HC-SCR) is one of the promising technologies for removal of NO in exhausts containing excess oxygen, such as diesel and lean burn gasoline engines. Supported Ag catalysts, especially Ag/Al2O3, are thought to be the promising candidates for use in diesel exhausts, as confirmed by several reports on engine bench tests. The HC-SCR performance of supported Ag catalysts is very sensitive to the reaction conditions, especially the type of hydrocarbons and the addition of H2. The control of reaction conditions would be key for practical use. The current research of supported Ag catalysts is reviewed from the viewpoints of practical use and the reaction mechanism, i.e., the reaction scheme, the role of surface adsorbed species, and the structure of active Ag species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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Hueso JL, González-Elipe AR, Cotrino J, Caballero A. Plasma Chemistry of NO in Complex Gas Mixtures Excited with a Surfatron Launcher. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4930-8. [PMID: 16833840 DOI: 10.1021/jp0502398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The plasma chemistry of NO has been investigated in gas mixtures with oxygen and/or hydrocarbon and Ar as carrier gas. Surface wave discharges operating at microwave frequencies have been used for this study. The different plasma reactions have been analyzed for a pressure range between 30 and 75 Torr. Differences in product concentration and/or reaction yields smaller than 10% were found as a function of this parameter. The following gas mixtures have been considered for investigation: Ar/NO, Ar/NO/O2, Ar/NO/CH4, Ar/CH4/O2, Ar/NO/CH4/O2. It is found that NO decomposes into N2 and O2, whereas other products such as CO, H2, and H2O are also formed when CH4 and O2 are present in the reaction mixture. Depending on the working conditions, other minority products such as HCN, CO2, and C2 or higher hydrocarbons have been also detected. The reaction of an Ar/NO plasma with deposits of solid carbon has also been studied. The experiments have provided useful information with respect to the possible removal of soot particles by this type of plasma. It has been shown that carbon deposits are progressively burned off by interaction with the plasma, and practically 100% decomposition of NO was found. Plasma intermediate species have been studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Bands and/or peaks due to N2*, NO*, OH*, C2*, CN*, CH*, or H* were detected with different relative intensities depending on the gas mixture. From the analysis of both the reaction products and efficiency and the type of intermediate species detected by OES, different plasma reactions and processes are proposed to describe the plasma chemistry of NO in each particular mixture of gases. The results obtained provide interesting insights about the plasma removal of NO in real gas exhausts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Hueso
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Chen M, Chu W, Dai X, Zhang X. New palladium catalysts prepared by glow discharge plasma for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Orlando TM, Alexandrov A, Lebsack A, Herring J, Hoard JW. The reactions of NO2 and CH3CHO with Na-Y zeolite and the relevance to plasma-activated lean NOx catalysis. Catal Today 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2003.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang YP, Ma PS, Zhu X, Liu CJ, Shen Y. A novel plasma-treated Pt/NaZSM-5 catalyst for NO reduction by methane. CATAL COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mok YS. Oxidation of NO to NO2 Using the Ozonization Method for the Improvement of Selective Catalytic Reduction. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.37.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Mok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cheju National University
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Mok YS, Koh DJ, Kim KT, Nam IS. Nonthermal Plasma-Enhanced Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides over V2O5/TiO2and Cr2O3/TiO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0208873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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