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Abstract
This chapter describes the major gene therapeutic approaches for viral infections. The vast majority of published approaches target severe chronic viral infections such as hepatitis B or C and HIV infection. Two basic gene therapy strategies are introduced here. The first involves the expression of a protein or an RNA that inhibits viral replication by targeting crucial steps of the viral life cycle or by interfering with a cellular factor required for virus replication. The major limitation of this approach is that primary levels of gene modification have generally not been sufficient to reduce the availability of target cells permissive for virus replication to a level that significantly decreases overall viral load. Thus, investigators have banked on the expectation that gene-protected cells have a sufficient selective advantage to accumulate and gain prevalence over time, a prediction that so far could not be confirmed in clinical trials. In vivo levels of gene modification can be improved, however, by introducing an additional selectable marker. In addition, a secreted antiviral gene product that exerts a bystander effect could significantly reduce overall virus replication despite relatively low levels of gene modification. In addition to these direct antiviral approaches, several strategies have been developed that employ or aim to enhance host immune responses. The innate immune response has been enhanced, for example, by the in vivo expression of interferons. Alternatively, T cells can be grafted with recombinant receptors to boost adaptive virus-specific immunity. These approaches are especially promising for chronic virus infection, where natural immune responses are evidently not sufficient to effectively control virus replication.
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Gay W, Lauret E, Boson B, Larghero J, Matheux F, Peyramaure S, Rousseau V, Dormont D, De Maeyer E, Le Grand R. Low autocrine interferon beta production as a gene therapy approach for AIDS: Infusion of interferon beta-engineered lymphocytes in macaques chronically infected with SIVmac251. Retrovirology 2004; 1:29. [PMID: 15447786 PMCID: PMC523856 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-1-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate gene therapy for AIDS based on the transduction of circulating lymphocytes with a retroviral vector giving low levels of constitutive macaque interferon β production in macaques chronically infected with a pathogenic isolate of SIVmac251. Results Two groups of three animals infected for more than one year with a pathogenic primary isolate of SIVmac251 were included in this study. The macaques received three infusions of their own lymphocytes transduced ex vivo with the construct encoding macaque IFN-β (MaIFN-β or with a vector carrying a version of the MaIFN-β gene with a deletion preventing translation of the mRNA. Cellular or plasma viremia increased transiently following injection in most cases, regardless of the retroviral construct used. Transduced cells were detected only transiently after each infusion, among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all the animals, with copy numbers of 10 to 1000 per 106 peripheral mononuclear cells. Conclusion Long-term follow-up indicated that the transitory presence of such a small number of cells producing such small amounts of MaIFN-β did not prevent animals from the progressive decrease in CD4+ cell count typical of infection with simian immunodeficiency virus. These results reveal potential pitfalls for future developments of gene therapy strategies of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Gay
- CEA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie Expérimentale, Service de Neurovirologie, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, Université Paris XI, 18 route du Panorama 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Lauret
- INSERM U362, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CEA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie Expérimentale, Service de Neurovirologie, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, Université Paris XI, 18 route du Panorama 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France
| | - Jérome Larghero
- INSERM U362, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Matheux
- CEA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie Expérimentale, Service de Neurovirologie, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, Université Paris XI, 18 route du Panorama 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Peyramaure
- INSERM U362, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Institut Fédératif de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard CNRS UPR 9040 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Dominique Dormont
- CEA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie Expérimentale, Service de Neurovirologie, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, Université Paris XI, 18 route du Panorama 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France
| | - Edward De Maeyer
- INSERM U362, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- CEA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Pathologie Expérimentale, Service de Neurovirologie, CRSSA, EPHE, IPSC, Université Paris XI, 18 route du Panorama 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France
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Matheux F, Lauret E, Rousseau V, Larghero J, Boson B, Vaslin B, Cheret A, De Maeyer E, Dormont D, LeGrand R. Simian immunodeficiency virus resistance of macaques infused with interferon beta-engineered lymphocytes. J Gen Virol 2000; 81:2741-2750. [PMID: 11038387 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-11-2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the in vivo anti-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) efficacy of interferon (IFN)-beta-engineered lymphocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes harvested from two uninfected macaques were transduced with a retroviral vector carrying a constitutively expressed IFN-beta gene and reinfused, resulting in approximately 1 IFN-beta-transduced cell out of 1000 circulating cells. The gene-modified cells were well tolerated and could be detected for at least 74 days without causing any apparent side effects. These two animals together with three untreated control macaques were then infected with SIVmac251. The two IFN-beta-infused macaques are in good health, 478 days after infection, with a reduced plasma virus load and sustained numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells. Throughout the study, the proportion of IFN-beta-transduced cells has been maintained. Of the three control macaques, two were characterized by a high plasma virus load and a decrease in CD4(+) cells. One was moribund and was sacrificed 350 days after infection and the other now has fewer than 100 circulating CD4(+) cells/ml. Unexpectedly, the third control macaque, which, like the two IFN-beta-infused animals, had a low plasma virus load and a maintenance of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell number, was characterized by a permanent level of serum IFN-beta, of unknown origin, already present before SIV infection. Although no definite conclusion can be made in view of the limited number of animals, these data indicate that further exploration is warranted of an IFN-beta-based anti-human immunodeficiency virus gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Matheux
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Evelyne Lauret
- Equipe de l'Interféron et des Cytokines, UMR 146 CNRS, Institut Curie, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France2
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Equipe de l'Interféron et des Cytokines, UMR 146 CNRS, Institut Curie, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France2
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Bertrand Boson
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Arnaud Cheret
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Edward De Maeyer
- Equipe de l'Interféron et des Cytokines, UMR 146 CNRS, Institut Curie, Bâtiment 110, Centre Universitaire, 91405 Orsay, France2
| | - Dominique Dormont
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
| | - Roger LeGrand
- CEA, Service de Neurovirologie (DSV/DRM), CRSSA, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, BP 6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, Cedex, France1
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De Maeyer E, Vieillard V, Cremer I, Rousseau V, Jacomet C, Debré P, Rozenbaum W, Autran B, Lauret E. [Development of an anti-HIV gene therapy based on the antiviral properties of beta interferon]. Transfus Clin Biol 1997; 4:281-6. [PMID: 9264786 DOI: 10.1016/s1246-7820(97)80053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our work is to explore the use of IFN-beta for gene therapy in the HIV-infection. Transduction of various HIV target cells with a retroviral vector that carries the Hu-IFN-beta coding sequence under constitutive low expression control, confers resistance to HIV without affecting cell replication or function. After transduction, lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients develop resistance to the endogenous virus, provided the cells are derived from individuals with a CD4 cell count higher than 200 per mm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Maeyer
- UMR 177 du CNRS, Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay
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