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Dirks W, Lemmers SAM, Ngoubangoye B, Herbert A, Setchell JM. Odontochronologies in male and female mandrills (
Mandrillus sphinx
) and the development of dental sexual dimorphism. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 172:528-544. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dirks
- Department of AnthropologyDurham University Durham UK
| | - Simone A. M. Lemmers
- Department of AnthropologyDurham University Durham UK
- Science and Technology in Archaeology Research CenterThe Cyprus Institute Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Anaïs Herbert
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Internationale de Recherches Médicales Franceville Gabon
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Waugh DA, Suydam RS, Ortiz JD, Thewissen JGM. Validation of Growth Layer Group (GLG) depositional rate using daily incremental growth lines in the dentin of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas, 1776)) teeth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190498. [PMID: 29338011 PMCID: PMC5770016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Counts of Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) in the dentin of marine mammal teeth are widely used as indicators of age. In most marine mammals, observations document that GLGs are deposited yearly, but in beluga whales, some studies have supported the view that two GLGs are deposited each year. Our understanding of beluga life-history differs substantially depending on assumptions regarding the timing of GLG deposition; therefore, resolving this issue has important considerations for population assessments. In this study, we used incremental lines that represent daily pulses of dentin mineralization to test the hypothesis that GLGs in beluga dentin are deposited on a yearly basis. Our estimate of the number of daily growth lines within one GLG is remarkably close to 365 days within error, supporting the hypothesis that GLGs are deposited annually in beluga. We show that measurement of daily growth increments can be used to validate the time represented by GLGs in beluga. Furthermore, we believe this methodology may have broader applications to age estimation in other taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Waugh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert S. Suydam
- North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management, Barrow, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Ortiz
- Department of Geology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - J. G. M. Thewissen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, United States of America
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Le Cabec A, Dean MC, Begun DR. Dental development and age at death of the holotype of Anapithecus hernyaki (RUD 9) using synchrotron virtual histology. J Hum Evol 2017. [PMID: 28622928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The chronology of dental development and life history of primitive catarrhines provides a crucial comparative framework for understanding the evolution of hominoids and Old World monkeys. Among the extinct groups of catarrhines are the pliopithecoids, with no known descendants. Anapithecus hernyaki is a medium-size stem catarrhine known from Austria, Hungary and Germany around 10 Ma, and represents a terminal lineage of a clade predating the divergence of hominoids and cercopithecoids, probably more than 30 Ma. In a previous study, Anapithecus was characterized as having fast dental development. Here, we used non-destructive propagation phase contrast synchrotron micro-tomography to image several dental microstructural features in the mixed mandibular dentition of RUD 9, the holotype of A. hernyaki. We estimate its age at death to be 1.9 years and describe the pattern, sequence and timing of tooth mineralization. Our results do not support any simplistic correlation between body mass and striae periodicity, since RUD 9 has a 3-day periodicity, which was previously thought unlikely based on body mass estimates in Anapithecus. We demonstrate that the teeth in RUD 9 grew even faster and initiated even earlier in development than suggested previously. Permanent first molars and the canine initiated 49 and 38 days prenatally, respectively. These results contribute to a better understanding of dental development in Anapithecus and may provide a window into the dental development of the last common ancestor of hominoids and cercopithecoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany; Beamline ID19, Structure of Materials, ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71, avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043, Grenoble, Cédex 9, France.
| | - M Christopher Dean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - David R Begun
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT M5S 3G3, Canada.
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López-Torres S, Schillaci MA, Silcox MT. Life history of the most complete fossil primate skeleton: exploring growth models for Darwinius. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:150340. [PMID: 26473056 PMCID: PMC4593690 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.150340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Darwinius is an adapoid primate from the Eocene of Germany, and its only known specimen represents the most complete fossil primate ever found. Its describers hypothesized a close relationship to Anthropoidea, and using a Saimiri model estimated its age at death. This study reconstructs the ancestral permanent dental eruption sequences for basal Euprimates, Haplorhini, Anthropoidea, and stem and crown Strepsirrhini. The results show that the ancestral sequences for the basal euprimate, haplorhine and stem strepsirrhine are identical, and similar to that of Darwinius. However, Darwinius differs from anthropoids by exhibiting early development of the lower third molars relative to the lower third and fourth premolars. The eruption of the lower second premolar marks the point of interruption of the sequence in Darwinius. The anthropoid Saimiri as a model is therefore problematic because it exhibits a delayed eruption of P2. Here, an alternative strepsirrhine model based on Eulemur and Varecia is presented. Our proposed model shows an older age at death than previously suggested (1.05-1.14 years), while the range for adult weight is entirely below the range proposed previously. This alternative model is more consistent with hypotheses supporting a stronger relationship between adapoids and strepsirrhines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi López-Torres
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
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Dean MC, Cole TJ. Human life history evolution explains dissociation between the timing of tooth eruption and peak rates of root growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54534. [PMID: 23342167 PMCID: PMC3544739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the relationship between growth in tooth root length and the modern human extended period of childhood. Tooth roots provide support to counter chewing forces and so it is advantageous to grow roots quickly to allow teeth to erupt into function as early as possible. Growth in tooth root length occurs with a characteristic spurt or peak in rate sometime between tooth crown completion and root apex closure. Here we show that in Pan troglodytes the peak in root growth rate coincides with the period of time teeth are erupting into function. However, the timing of peak root velocity in modern humans occurs earlier than expected and coincides better with estimates for tooth eruption times in Homo erectus. With more time to grow longer roots prior to eruption and smaller teeth that now require less support at the time they come into function, the root growth spurt no longer confers any advantage in modern humans. We suggest that a prolonged life history schedule eventually neutralised this adaptation some time after the appearance of Homo erectus. The root spurt persists in modern humans as an intrinsic marker event that shows selection operated, not primarily on tooth tissue growth, but on the process of tooth eruption. This demonstrates the overarching influence of life history evolution on several aspects of dental development. These new insights into tooth root growth now provide an additional line of enquiry that may contribute to future studies of more recent life history and dietary adaptations within the genus Homo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christopher Dean
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.
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Enamel extension rate patterns in modern human teeth: Two approaches designed to establish an integrated comparative context for fossil primates. J Hum Evol 2012; 63:475-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dirks W, Bowman JE. Life history theory and dental development in four species of catarrhine primates. J Hum Evol 2007; 53:309-20. [PMID: 17706270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental development was reconstructed in several individuals representing four species of catarrhine primates--Symphalangus syndactylus, Hylobates lar, Semnopithecus entellus priam, and Papio hamadryas--using the techniques of dental histology. Bar charts assumed to represent species-typical dental development were constructed from these data and estimated ages at first and third molar emergence were plotted on them along with ages at weaning, menarche, and first reproduction from the literature. The estimated age at first molar emergence appears to occur at weaning in the siamang, lar gibbon, and langur, and just after weaning in the baboon. Age at menarche and first reproduction occur earlier relative to dental development in both cercopithecoids than in the hylobatids, suggesting that early reproduction may be a derived trait in cercopithecoids. The results are examined in the context of life history theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dirks
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
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Harvati K, Frost SR. Dental Eruption Sequences in Fossil Colobines and the Evolution of Primate Life Histories. INT J PRIMATOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-007-9149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Christopher Dean M. Tooth microstructure tracks the pace of human life-history evolution. Proc Biol Sci 2007; 273:2799-808. [PMID: 17015331 PMCID: PMC1664636 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.3583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of fundamental milestones define the pace at which animals develop, mature, reproduce and age. These include the length of gestation, the age at weaning and at sexual maturity, the number of offspring produced over a lifetime and the length of life itself. Because a time-scale for dental development can be retrieved from the internal structure of teeth and many of these life-history variables tend to be highly correlated, we can discover more than might be imagined about fossil primates and more, in particular, about fossil hominids and our own evolutionary history. Some insights into the evolutionary processes underlying changes in dental development are emerging from a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling enamel and dentine formation. Our own 18-20-year period of growth and development probably evolved quite recently after ca 17 million years of a more ape-like life-history profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christopher Dean
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Reid DJ, Ferrell RJ. The relationship between number of striae of Retzius and their periodicity in imbricational enamel formation. J Hum Evol 2006; 50:195-202. [PMID: 16263151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Imbricational crown formation times (ICFTs) estimated from the number of perikymata on tooth surfaces are error-prone because the number of days between adjacent perikymata varies across individuals and species, and is only visible within tooth microstructure. We investigated striae of Retzius (SR) numbers (analogous to perikymata numbers), SR periodicities (days between SR or perikymata), and ICFTs for a mandibular canine sample (n=49) from medieval Denmark. We tested the relationship between SR number and periodicity to determine whether regression formulae could be produced that would allow periodicity (and ICFTs) to be determined from surface perikymata numbers. Periodicities (range=7-11 days, mode=8) and SR numbers (range=142-257, mean=190.3, s.d.=27.5) were normally distributed; ICFTs were non-normal (mean=1,594 days, s.d.=65.7). We tested periodicity as a quadratic, linear, and log-log transform linear function of SR number and found an inverse relationship (quadratic: R2=0.9504; linear: R2=0.9138; log-log transform: R2=0.9418; all p<0.001) that allowed estimation of periodicity from SR or perikymata numbers in this population and tooth type. If periodicity and SR number are inversely related in other hominin taxa, studies that have estimated ICFT by multiplying perikymata number by a human modal periodicity value or made inferences about development based only on perikymata numbers may have introduced substantial error into their ICFT estimates and life history inferences. The inverse relationship is similar to that predicted by a model of SR formation in which the ICFT for a given tooth type and population is held constant and all combinations of periodicity and SR number result in the same ICFT. However, we found that lower periodicities had longer ICFTs and higher periodicities had shorter ICFTs than the model predicted, suggesting that the model may not reflect the real process, or that there are other factors (e.g., sample size, misclassification, sexual dimorphism) also affecting the relationship between periodicity and SR number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Reid
- School of Dental Sciences, Framlington Place, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK.
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