1
|
Beck RH, Afrooz I, Suhail Masalawala M, Watad R, Al Shaban T, Deeb A. Characteristics of adolescents referred for bariatric surgery in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1297251. [PMID: 38523841 PMCID: PMC10957758 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1297251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
About a third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese in the United Arab Emirates, and referrals for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are now common. Despite excellent evidence that MBS should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity, it remains a management approach of last resort in many cases. Baseline, real-world data on adolescent patients living with obesity referred for surgery, their characteristics, and how these relate to current and future referral policy are important to ensure best practice. Here we examined the demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of adolescents referred for MBS over a three-year period to Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. Ninety-two adolescents living with obesity were recruited: 54.3% were female, the average age was 16.3 ± 2.4 years, and 88.0% of patients had a first-degree relative with a history of obesity and 62% a family history of bariatric surgery. The average BMI was 47.7 ± 10.5, and the average percentage of the 95th percentile BMI was 169.5 ± 38.8%. Complications of obesity (hypertension, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver function abnormalities) were common. Our analysis highlights that there exists a mismatch between the profiles of patients referred for MBS, local guidelines, and international best practice in decision-making for referral to MBS services. While many adolescents in the UAE seem to enjoy family support and experience in the surgical management of obesity, local guidelines need updating to reflect changes in the definitions of obesity, thresholds for referral, and to remove unnecessary developmental stage barriers to increase the window for personalized surgical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hassan Beck
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imrana Afrooz
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rama Watad
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Talat Al Shaban
- Department of Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vyas DS. Advances in Nutrigenomics and Applications in Public Health: A Recent Update. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition research is achieving new paradigms through recent advances in the field of Nutrigenomics. The application of genomic principles for the identification of relationships between certain specific nutrients with genetic factors is termed “Nutrigenomics”. This knowledge is essential to understanding the risk factors behind diet-related chronic degenerative diseases, which further helps resolve the underlying mechanism of genetic predisposition. Advances in Sciences associated with the study of genes have assisted in developing a deep insight into genetic variants, and gene expression patterns to work out therapeutic responses toward chronic degenerative diseases associated with Public Health. To appraise recent advances in Nutrigenomics with its application in Public health several databases including Pub Med, Google Scholar, Medline etc were investigated in detail. A total of 72 relevant peer-reviewed journal articles were included in this review paper. Nutrigenomics has an important role in comprehending how homeostatic control is maintained and the way metabolic pathways are influenced by nutrient intake. The knowledge of Nutrigenomics helps in working out personalized nutrition strategies for both prevention and management of the diseased situation. The present review article aims to investigate and present a piece of in-depth information about the latest Advances in Nutrigenomics and its application in public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dr Swati Vyas
- Department of Home Science, IIS deemed to be a University, Jaipur, and Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Wang X, Yan L, Wu J, Liu Y, Fu B, Yang H. Potential common mechanism of four Chinese patent medicines recommended by diagnosis and treatment protocol for COVID-19 in medical observation period. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:874611. [PMID: 36388945 PMCID: PMC9643314 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.874611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic has been controlled to some extent, while sporadic outbreaks still occur in some places. It is essential to summarize the successful experience and promote the development of new drugs. This study aimed to explore the common mechanism of action of the four Chinese patent medicine (CPMs) recommended in the Medical Observation Period COVID-19 Diagnostic and Treatment Protocol and to accelerate the new drug development process. Firstly, the active ingredients and targets of the four CPMs were obtained by the Chinese medicine composition database (TCMSP, TCMID) and related literature, and the common action targets of the four TCMs were sorted out. Secondly, the targets of COVID-19 were obtained through the gene-disease database (GeneCards, NCBI). Then the Venn diagram was used to intersect the common drug targets with the disease targets. And GO and KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis was performed on the intersected targets with the help of the R package. Finally, the results were further validated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis. As a result, a total of 101 common active ingredients and 21 key active ingredients of four CPMs were obtained, including quercetin, luteolin, acacetin, kaempferol, baicalein, naringenin, artemisinin, aloe-emodin, which might be medicinal substances for the treatment of COVID-19. TNF, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, IL2, IL4, ICAM1, IFNG, and IL10 has been predicted as key targets. 397 GO biological functions and 166 KEGG signaling pathways were obtained. The former was mainly enriched in regulating apoptosis, inflammatory response, and T cell activation. The latter, with 92 entries related to COVID-19, was mainly enriched to signaling pathways such as Coronavirus disease-COVID-19, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, IL-17 signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that 19/21 of key active ingredients exhibited strong binding activity to recognized COVID-19-related targets (3CL of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and S protein), even better than one of these four antiviral drugs. Among them, shinflavanone had better affinity to 3CL, ACE2, and S protein of SARS-CoV-2 than these four antiviral drugs. In summary, the four CPMs may play a role in the treatment of COVID-19 by binding flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, and acacetin to target proteins such as ACE2, 3CLpro, and S protein and acting on TNF, IL6, IL1B, CXCL8, and other targets to participate in broad-spectrum antiviral, immunomodulatory and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianxiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Baohui Fu
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coding Variants of the FMO3 Gene Are Associated with the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-Control Study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:430-439. [PMID: 36718298 PMCID: PMC9883036 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern involving roughly one-tenth of developed countries' populations. The flavin-containing dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a toxin in CKD sufferers. This preliminary study aims to evaluate the association between coding region variations of FMO3, rs2266782G/A (E158K), rs2266780A/G (E308G), and rs1736557G/A (V257M), and the susceptibility to CKD. Methods A total of 356 participants were enrolled, including 157 patients diagnosed with CKD and 199 age-matched healthy individuals. Genotyping of FMO3 gene variations was performed via PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR methods. Results Our findings revealed a significant association between rs2266780A/G and rs1736557G/A and CKD under different genetic models. Compared to the GGG haplotype of rs2266782/rs1736557/rs2266780, the GAG, GAA, AAG, and AAA haplotype combinations conferred an increased risk of CKD in our population. Interaction analysis revealed that some genotype combinations, including GA/AA/AA, AA/AA/AA, GA/AA/GA, and GG/AG/AA, dramatically increased CKD risk in the Iranian population. No correlation was found between FMO3 polymorphisms and CKD stages. Discussion These observations highlight the potential impact of coding variants of the FMO3 gene on the onset of CKD. Further investigations into expanded populations and diverse races are needed to confirm our findings.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158233. [PMID: 35897799 PMCID: PMC9368664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are significantly influenced by lifestyle, particularly nutrition. The modern level of science and technology development promote personalized nutrition as an efficient preventive measure against atherosclerosis. In this survey, the factors were revealed that contribute to the formation of an individual approach to nutrition: genetic characteristics, the state of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and environmental factors (diets, bioactive components, cardioprotectors, etc.). In the course of the work, it was found that in order to analyze the predisposition to atherosclerosis associated with nutrition, genetic features affecting the metabolism of nutrients are significant. The genetic features include the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes and epigenetic factors. The influence of telomere length on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and circadian rhythms was also considered. Relatively new is the study of the relationship between chrono-nutrition and the development of metabolic diseases. That is, to obtain the relationship between nutrition and atherosclerosis, a large number of genetic markers should be considered. In this relation, the question arises: “How many genetic features need to be analyzed in order to form a personalized diet for the consumer?” Basically, companies engaged in nutrigenetic research and choosing a diet for the prevention of a number of metabolic diseases use SNP analysis of genes that accounts for lipid metabolism, vitamins, the body’s antioxidant defense system, taste characteristics, etc. There is no set number of genetic markers. The main diets effective against the development of atherosclerosis were considered, and the most popular were the ketogenic, Mediterranean, and DASH-diets. The advantage of these diets is the content of foods with a low amount of carbohydrates, a high amount of vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as foods rich in antioxidants. However, due to the restrictions associated with climatic, geographical, material features, these diets are not available for a number of consumers. The way out is the use of functional products, dietary supplements. In this approach, the promising biologically active substances (BAS) that exhibit anti-atherosclerotic potential are: baicalin, resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin and other plant metabolites. Among the substances, those of animal origin are popular: squalene, coenzyme Q10, omega-3. For the prevention of atherosclerosis through personalized nutrition, it is necessary to analyze the genetic characteristics (SNP) associated with the metabolism of nutrients, to assess the state of the microbiota of the GIT. Based on the data obtained and food preferences, as well as the individual capabilities of the consumer, the optimal diet can be selected. It is topical to exclude nutrients of which their excess consumption stimulates the occurrence and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and to enrich the diet with functional foods (FF), BAS containing the necessary anti-atherosclerotic, and stimulating microbiota of the GIT nutrients. Personalized nutrition is a topical preventive measure and there are a number of problems hindering the active use of this approach among consumers. The key factors include weak evidence of the influence of a number of genetic features, the high cost of the approach, and difficulties in the interpretation of the results. Eliminating these deficiencies will contribute to the maintenance of a healthy state of the population through nutrition.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar R, Ningombam SS, Kumar R, Goel H, Gogia A, Khurana S, Deo SVS, Mathur S, Tanwar P. Comprehensive mutations analyses of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated gene) and their effects on FTO’s substrate binding implicated in obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:852944. [PMID: 35923209 PMCID: PMC9339907 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.852944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive amount of fat deposition in the body leads to obesity which is a complex disease and poses a generic threat to human health. It increases the risk of various other diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and multiple types of cancer. Genomic studies have shown that the expression of the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene was highly altered and identified as one of the key biomarkers for obesity. This study has been undertaken to investigate the mutational profile of the FTO gene and elucidates its effect on the protein structure and function. Harmful effects of various missense mutations were predicted using different independent tools and it was observed that all mutations were highly pathogenic. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the structure and function of FTO protein upon different mutations and it was found that mutations decreased the structure stability and affected protein conformation. Furthermore, a protein residue network analysis suggested that the mutations affected the overall residues bonding and topology. Finally, molecular docking coupled with MD simulation suggested that mutations affected FTO substrate binding by changing the protein-ligand affinity. Hence, the results of this finding would help in an in-depth understanding of the molecular biology of the FTO gene and its variants and lead to the development of effective therapeutics against associated diseases and disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somorjit Singh Ningombam
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Khurana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. V. S. Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Pranay Tanwar,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Alhowail A, Abdeen A, Ibrahim SF, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S. Decrypting the potential role of α-lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2021; 284:119899. [PMID: 34450170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases with motor disturbances, cognitive decline, and behavioral impairment. It is characterized by the extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the intracellular accumulation of tau protein. AD patients show a cognitive decline, which has been associated with oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA), a natural antioxidant present in food and used as a dietary supplement, has been considered a promising agent for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Despite multiple preclinical studies indicating beneficial effects of α-LA in memory functioning, and pointing to its neuroprotective effects, to date only a few studies have examined its effects in humans. Studies performed in animal models of memory loss associated with aging and AD have shown that α-LA improves memory in a variety of behavioral paradigms. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms underlying α-LA effects have also been investigated. Accordingly, α-LA shows antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, glioprotective, metal chelating properties in both in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, it has been shown that α-LA reverses age-associated loss of neurotransmitters and their receptors. The review article aimed at summarizing and discussing the main studies investigating the neuroprotective effects of α-LA on cognition as well as its molecular effects, to improve the understanding of the therapeutic potential of α-LA in patients suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, supporting the development of clinical trials with α-LA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt; Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Samah F Ibrahim
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza e Investigacion en Bacteriologia Alimentaria, Universidad Nacinol Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
da Silva Lopes K, Abe SK. Polymorphisms Contributing to Calcium Status: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:2488. [PMID: 34444650 PMCID: PMC8398213 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review assessed genotypes and changes in calcium homeostasis. A literature search was performed in EMBASE, Medline and CENTRAL on 7 August 2020 identifying 1012 references. Studies were included with any human population related to the topic of interest, and genetic variations in genes related to calcium metabolism were considered. Two reviewers independently screened references, extracted relevant data and assessed study quality using the Q-Genie tool. Forty-one studies investigating Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to calcium status were identified. Almost half of the included studies were of good study quality according to the Q-Genie tool. Seventeen studies were cross-sectional, 14 case-control, seven association and three were Mendelian randomization studies. Included studies were conducted in over 18 countries. Participants were mainly adults, while six studies included children and adolescents. Ethnicity was described in 31 studies and half of these included Caucasian participants. Twenty-six independent studies examined the association between calcium and polymorphism in the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene. Five studies assessed the association between polymorphisms of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and changes in calcium levels or renal excretion. The remaining ten studies investigated calcium homeostasis and other gene polymorphisms such as the CYP24A1 SNP or CLDN14. This study identified several CASR, VDR and other gene SNPs associated with calcium status. However, to provide evidence to guide dietary recommendations, further research is needed to explore the association between common polymorphisms and calcium requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Division of Prevention, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zharinov GM, Khalchitsky SE, Loktionov A, Sogoyan MV, Khutoryanskaya YV, Neklasova NY, Bogomolov OA, Smirnov IV, Samoilovich MP, Skakun VN, Vissarionov SV, Anisimov VN. The presence of polymorphisms in genes controlling neurotransmitter metabolism and disease prognosis in patients with prostate cancer: a possible link with schizophrenia. Oncotarget 2021; 12:698-707. [PMID: 33868590 PMCID: PMC8021032 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of neurotransmitter metabolism genes were studied in patients with prostate cancer (PC) characterized by either reduced or extended serum prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) corresponding to unfavorable and favorable disease prognosis respectively. The ‘unfavorable prognosis’ group (40 cases) was defined by PSADT ≤ 2 months, whereas patients in the ‘favorable prognosis’ group (67 cases) had PSADT ≥ 30 months. The following gene polymorphisms known to be associated with neuropsychiatric disorders were investigated: a) the STin2 VNTR in the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 gene; b) the 30-bp VNTR in the monoamine oxidase A MAOA gene; c) the Val158Met polymorphism in the catechol-ortho-methyltransferase COMT gene; d) the promoter region C-521T polymorphism and the 48 VNTR in the third exon of the dopamine receptor DRD4 gene. The STin2 12R/10R variant of the SLC6A4 gene (OR = 2.278; 95% CI = 0.953–5.444) and the -521T/T homozygosity of the DRD4 gene (OR = 1.579; 95% CI = 0.663–3.761) tended to be overrepresented in PC patients with unfavorable disease prognosis. These gene variants are regarded as protective against schizophrenia, and the observed trend may be directly related to a reduced PC risk described for schizophrenia patients. These results warrant further investigation of the potential role of neurotransmitter metabolism gene polymorphisms in PC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady M Zharinov
- A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sergei E Khalchitsky
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196603, Russia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Alexandre Loktionov
- DiagNodus Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Marina V Sogoyan
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196603, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khutoryanskaya
- St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 194100, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu Neklasova
- A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Oleg A Bogomolov
- A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Ilya V Smirnov
- A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Marina P Samoilovich
- A.M. Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Skakun
- Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Veliky Novgorod, 173003, Russia
| | - Sergei V Vissarionov
- H. Turner National Medical Research Center for Children's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196603, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, St. Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic polymorphisms associated with obesity in the Arab world: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1899-1913. [PMID: 34131278 PMCID: PMC8380539 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, one of the most common chronic health conditions worldwide, is a multifactorial disease caused by complex genetic and environmental interactions. Several association studies have revealed a considerable number of candidate loci for obesity; however, the genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear. To date, no comprehensive systematic review has been conducted to investigate the genetic risk factors for obesity among Arabs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to systematically review the genetic polymorphisms that are significantly associated with obesity in Arabs. METHODS We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar) from inception until May 2020 to obtain all reported genetic data related to obesity in Arab populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed individually by three investigators. RESULTS In total, 59 studies comprising a total of 15,488 cases and 9,760 controls were included in the systematic review. A total of 76 variants located within or near 49 genes were reported to be significantly associated with obesity. Among the 76 variants, two were described as unique to Arabs, as they have not been previously reported in other populations, and 19 were reported to be distinctively associated with obesity in Arabs but not in non-Arab populations. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a unique genetic and clinical susceptibility profile of obesity in Arab patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Association of FTO and ADRB2 gene variation with energy restriction induced adaptations in resting energy expenditure and physical activity. Gene 2019; 721S:100019. [PMID: 32550549 PMCID: PMC7285957 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Energy restriction induces adaptations in resting energy expenditure (REE) and physical activity; inter-individual variability could be ascribed to genetic predisposition.The aim was to examine if changes in REE and physical activity as a result of weight loss were affected by candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods 148 subjects (39 men, 109 women), mean ± SD age: 41 ± 9 year; body mass index (BMI): 31.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2, followed a very low energy diet for 8 weeks. SNPs were selected from six candidate genes: ADRB2, FTO, MC4R, PPARG2, PPARD and PPARGC1A. REE (ventilated hood) and physical activity (tri-axial accelerometer) were assessed before and after the diet. General linear modelling included gender, age and additional relevant covariates for all parameters. Results The heterozygotic genotype of FTO was associated with a higher amount of physical activity (1.71 Mcounts/d; CI 1.62-1.81) compared to the homozygotic major genotype (1.50 Mcounts/d; CI 1.40-1.59) (P < 0.001) while the homozygotic risk allele genotype was not different (1.56 Mcounts/d; CI 1.39-1.74) at baseline; moreover, a similar pattern was observed after energy restriction. Carrying the homozygotic minor genotype of ADRB2 was associated with a larger decrease in REE (P < 0.05) and greater adaptive thermogenesis (P < 0.05) after weight loss. Conclusion Carrying the minor ADRB2 allele homozygous was associated with a larger diet induced metabolic adaptation in energy expenditure and suggest a central role for reduced lipid mobilization. Carrying the risk allele of FTO homozygous was not associated with lower physical activity at baseline or after weight loss. Heterozygous carriers of one FTO risk allele showed greater physical activity before and after weight loss which might protect them in part from the higher obesity risk associated with FTO.
Collapse
Key Words
- ADRB2, β2-adrenergic receptor
- Adaptive thermogenesis
- BMI, body mass index
- Energy balance
- FFM, fat-free mass
- FM, fat mass
- FTO, fat mass and obesity associated
- GLM, general linear modelling
- Genetic predisposition
- MC4R, melanocortin 4 receptor
- Metabolic adaptation
- PPARD, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorδ
- PPARGC1A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ coactivator-1α
- REE, resting energy expenditure
- REEm, resting energy expenditure, measured
- REEp, resting energy expenditure, predicted
- SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- VLED, very low energy diet
- Weight loss
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim H, Lee JK. The effects of combined exercise program on health and physical fitness factors according to a BglI RFLP in renin gene in middle-aged obese women. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.18.03853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
13
|
Álvarez-Buylla Roces ME, Martínez-García JC, Dávila-Velderrain J, Domínguez-Hüttinger E, Martínez-Sánchez ME. Medical Systems Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1069:1-33. [PMID: 30076565 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89354-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this volume is to encourage the use of systems-level methodologies to contribute to the improvement of human-health . We intend to motivate biomedical researchers to complement their current theoretical and empirical practice with up-to-date systems biology conceptual approaches. Our perspective is based on the deep understanding of the key biomolecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie health, as well as the emergence and progression of human-disease . We strongly believe that the contemporary systems biology perspective opens the door to the effective development of novel methodologies to the improvement of prevention . This requires a deeper and integrative understanding of the involved underlying systems-level mechanisms. In order to explain our proposal in a simple way, in this chapter we privilege the conceptual exposition of our chosen framework over formal considerations. The formal exposition of our proposal will be expanded and discussed later in the next chapters.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang C, Batey R, Yamahara J, Li Y. Multiple molecular targets in the liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in ginger-elicited amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
15
|
Hajiluian G, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Jahangiry L. Mediterranean dietary pattern and VEGF +405 G/C gene polymorphisms in patients with metabolic syndrome: An aspect of gene-nutrient interaction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171637. [PMID: 28212431 PMCID: PMC5315280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the relationship between Mediterranean dietary pattern, anthropometric and metabolic biomarkers and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405 G/C gene polymorphism in patient with metabolic syndrome (Mets). Materials and methods In this study 150 patients with Mets and 50 healthy subjects were enrolled. Dietary intakes were evaluated with a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Mediterranean dietary quality index (Med-DQI) was assessed. Anthropometric assessments and blood pressure measurement were performed. Biochemical assays including fasting serum glucose (FSG), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), liver enzymes and lipid profiles were also assessed. Polymorphism of +405 G/C VEGF gene was determined utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results Serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly lower and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) concentrations and FSG were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared with control group (P < 0.05). Metabolic syndrome group with high consumption of “cholesterol” had significantly upper serum TG; also high consumption of “fish” and “vegetables-fruits” was associated with a significantly lower serum LDL concentrations. In metabolic syndrome patients with CC genotype, mean score of “saturated fatty acid” subgroup was significantly higher compared with other genotypes; whereas, in healthy individuals, mean score of “fruit-vegetable” subgroup in individuals of CC and GG genotype was significantly higher (P<0.05). Conclusion Our findings indicated a significant relationship between Mediterranean dietary quality index and both anthropometric and metabolic risk factors. We also indicated a higher “saturated fatty acid” intake in CC genotype among metabolic syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Student Research Committee, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Nutrition Research Center, Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Leila Jahangiry
- Health Education and Health Promotion Department, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Mohseni F, Farajnia S, Jafarabadi MA. Major components of metabolic syndrome and nutritional intakes in different genotype of UCP2 -866G/A gene polymorphisms in patients with NAFLD. J Transl Med 2016; 14:177. [PMID: 27301474 PMCID: PMC4908770 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0936-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that dietary modifications in combination with genetic predisposition play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In the current study we aimed to investigate the major components of metabolic syndrome in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nutritional intakes according to different genotype of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) −866G/A gene polymorphism in these patients. Methods In this study 151 participants including 75 patients with NAFLD and 76 healthy individuals were enrolled. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Physical activity was obtained by metabolic equivalent questionnaire. Anthropometric assessments were conducted by a trained researcher and body mass index and waist to hip ratio were calculated. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and biochemical assays including fasting serum glucose, liver enzymes and lipid profiles were measured. Polymorphisms of −866G/A UCP2 gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results Serum triglyceride concentrations in 53.3 % of NAFLD patients compared with 35.5 % of control group was more than 150 mg/dl (P = 0.034). A significantly higher prevalence of low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations was also observed in female NAFLD patients (P < 0.001). Dietary intakes in NAFLD group were not significantly different compared with control group (P > 0.05). However, according to genotypes patients with AG genotype had significantly higher protein consumption compared with control group (P < 0.05). Significantly higher consumption of dietary iron and copper in NAFLD patients with AG genotype was only observed among patients with NAFLD. However, the comparison of macro and micronutrient intakes in control group sound for stronger differences for AA genotype although these differences did not achieve significant threshold. Conclusions A high prevalence of metabolic abnormalities was reported among NAFLD patients. Additionally, among NAFLD group, patients with AG genotype significantly consumed more protein, iron and copper in their usual diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Mohseni
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center (DARC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Isoflavone Derivatives from Chickpea as Potent Anti-Diabetic Agents. Molecules 2015; 20:17016-40. [PMID: 26393547 PMCID: PMC6332323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of novel isoflavone derivatives from chickpea were synthesized. The structures of derivatives were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 (13C)-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Their anti-diabetic activities were evaluated using an insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives were briefly discussed. Compounds 1c, 2h, 3b, and 5 and genistein exhibited significant glucose consumption-enhancing effects in IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, the combinations of genistein, 2h, and 3b (combination 6) and of 3b, genistein, and 1c (combination 10) exhibited better anti-diabetic activity than the individual compounds. At the same dosage, there was no difference in effect between the combination 10 and the positive control (p > 0.05). Aditionally, we found the differences between the combination 10 and combination 6 for the protective effect of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) under high glucose concentration. The protective effects of combination 10 was stronger than combination 6, which suggested that combination 10 may have a better hypoglycemic activity in future studies. This study provides useful clues for the further design and discovery of anti-diabetic agents.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ghalandari H, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P. The Association of Polymorphisms in Leptin/Leptin Receptor Genes and Ghrelin/Ghrelin Receptor Genes With Overweight/Obesity and the Related Metabolic Disturbances: A Review. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 13:e19073. [PMID: 26425125 PMCID: PMC4584420 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.19073v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Leptin and ghrelin are two important appetite and energy balance-regulating peptides. Common polymorphisms in the genes coding these peptides and their related receptors are shown to be associated with body weight, different markers of obesity and metabolic abnormalities. This review article aims to investigate the association of common polymorphisms of these genes with overweight/obesity and the metabolic disturbances related to it. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The keywords leptin, ghrelin, polymorphism, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), obesity, overweight, Body Mass Index, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (MeSH headings) were used to search in the following databases: Pubmed, Sciencedirect (Elsevier), and Google scholar. Overall, 24 case-control studies, relevant to our topic, met the criteria and were included in the review. RESULTS The most prevalent leptin/leptin receptor genes (LEP/LEPR) and ghrelin/ghrelin receptor genes (GHRL/GHSR) single nucleotide polymorphisms studied were LEP G-2548A, LEPR Q223R, and Leu72Met, respectively. Nine studies of the 17 studies on LEP/LEPR, and three studies of the seven studies on GHRL/GHSR showed significant relationships. CONCLUSIONS In general, our study suggests that the association between LEP/LEPR and GHRL/GHSR with overweight/obesity and the related metabolic disturbances is inconclusive. These results may be due to unidentified gene-environment interactions. More investigations are needed to further clarify this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ghalandari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parvin Mirmiran, Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center,Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122402463, Fax: +98-2122432500, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Doo M, Kim Y. Obesity: interactions of genome and nutrients intake. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2015; 20:1-7. [PMID: 25866743 PMCID: PMC4391534 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2015.20.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the major public health problems all over the world. Recent novel eras of research are opening for the effective management of obesity though gene and nutrient intake interactions because the causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial. Through GWASs (genome-wide association studies) and genetic variations (SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms), as the genetic factors are likely to determine individuals’ obesity predisposition. The understanding of genetic approaches in nutritional sciences is referred as “nutrigenomics”. Nutrigenomics explores the interaction between genetic factors and dietary nutrient intake on various disease phenotypes such as obesity. Therefore, this novel approach might suggest a solution for the effective prevention and treatment of obesity through individual genetic profiles and help improve health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miae Doo
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Yangha Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
An R, Li Y, Li M, Bai Y, Lu Y, Du Z. Plasma pharmacochemistry combined with pharmacokinetics and pattern recognition analysis to screen potentially bioactive components from Daming capsule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flig. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1507-14. [PMID: 25678430 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yamei Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Mu Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China); Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Harbin Medical University; Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Apalasamy YD, Mohamed Z. Obesity and genomics: role of technology in unraveling the complex genetic architecture of obesity. Hum Genet 2015; 134:361-74. [PMID: 25687726 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease that occurs as a result of the interaction between "obesogenic" environmental factors and genetic components. Although the genetic component of obesity is clear from the heritability studies, the genetic basis remains largely elusive. Successes have been achieved in identifying the causal genes for monogenic obesity using animal models and linkage studies, but these approaches are not fruitful for polygenic obesity. The developments of genome-wide association approach have brought breakthrough discovery of genetic variants for polygenic obesity where tens of new susceptibility loci were identified. However, the common SNPs only accounted for a proportion of heritability. The arrival of NGS technologies and completion of 1000 Genomes Project have brought other new methods to dissect the genetic architecture of obesity, for example, the use of exome genotyping arrays and deep sequencing of candidate loci identified from GWAS to study rare variants. In this review, we summarize and discuss the developments of these genetic approaches in human obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamunah Devi Apalasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pomytkin IA, Cline BH, Anthony DC, Steinbusch HW, Lesch KP, Strekalova T. Endotoxaemia resulting from decreased serotonin tranporter (5-HTT) function: A reciprocal risk factor for depression and insulin resistance? Behav Brain Res 2015; 276:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
23
|
Kim BC, Lee SH, Jang M, Won MH, Park JH. ( S)-Allyl Cysteine Derivatives as a New-type Cholinesterase Inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Okudan N, Gökbel H, Acar H, Uzunoğlu S, Belviranli M. Lack of association between leptin levels and leptin gene polymorphism in obese women. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:136-9. [PMID: 25117807 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.946933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between oligopolymorphism in the 25th codon of leptin gene and obesity. Eighty-seven obese women and 75 healthy women were constituted obese and control groups. Body fat percent, fat mass and lean body mass were determined by bioimpedance meter and leptin levels were determined. The presence of 25th codon oligopolymorphism in the leptin gene was done by PCR-RFLP technique. Mean leptin levels were 38.5±22.0 ng/ml, and 147.9±44.8 ng/ml in the control and obese groups, respectively. The correlations of serum leptin level to body fat percentage and fat mass in the control group were significant. The correlations in the obese group were not significant. This data implies that the difference of leptin levels between control and obese groups are more likely to be associated with alterations in the leptin gene other than 25th codon or alterations in the leptin receptor gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilsel Okudan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gomez‐Delgado F, Alcala‐Diaz JF, Garcia‐Rios A, Delgado‐Lista J, Ortiz‐Morales A, Rangel‐Zuñiga O, Tinahones FJ, Gonzalez‐Guardia L, Malagon MM, Bellido‐Muñoz E, Ordovas JM, Perez‐Jimenez F, Lopez‐Miranda J, Perez‐Martinez P. Polymorphism at theTNF‐alpha gene interacts withMediterranean diet to influence triglyceride metabolism and inflammation status in metabolic syndrome patients:From the CORDIOPREV clinical trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1519-27. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gomez‐Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Alcala‐Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia‐Rios
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Delgado‐Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Ortiz‐Morales
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Oriol Rangel‐Zuñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Biomedical Research LaboratoryEndocrinology DepartmentHospital Virgen de la Victoria Malaga Spain
| | - Lorena Gonzalez‐Guardia
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Maria M. Malagon
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Cell BiologyPhysiology and Immunology, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
| | | | - Jose M. Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics LaboratoryJ.M.‐US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University Boston MA USA
- IMDEAAlimentacion Madrid Spain
| | - Francisco Perez‐Jimenez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Lopez‐Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Perez‐Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis UnitIMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Genetic variability in energy balance and pancreatic cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in Minnesota. Pancreas 2014; 43:281-6. [PMID: 24201779 PMCID: PMC3945710 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3182a7c829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence suggests that energy imbalance plays a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes regulating energy homeostasis influence pancreatic cancer risk. We investigated this question in a case-control study conducted from 1994 to 1998. METHODS Patients (n = 173) were ascertained from hospitals in the Twin Cities and Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Control subjects (n = 476) were identified from the general population and frequency matched to patients by age and sex. Seven SNPs were evaluated in relation to pancreatic cancer using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment for confounders, the leucine/proline or proline/proline genotype of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene rs16139 was associated with a lower risk than the leucine/leucine genotype (odds ratio, 0.40 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.91]). Conversely, an increased risk was observed for the glycine/arginine or arginine/arginine genotype of the adrenoceptor β2, surface (ADRB2) gene rs1042713 as compared with the glycine/glycine genotype (odds ratio, 1.52 [95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.31]). CONCLUSIONS This study first reveals that SNPs in genes modulating energy intake (NPY) and energy expenditure (ADRB2) altered pancreatic cancer risk. If confirmed by other studies, our findings may shed new light on the etiology and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pérez-Martínez P, López-Miranda J. Nutrición personalizada, ¿ha llegado ya su momento? Med Clin (Barc) 2013; 141:205-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
28
|
Valentijn TM, Galal W, Tjeertes EK, Hoeks SE, Verhagen HJ, Stolker RJ. The obesity paradox in the surgical population. Surgeon 2013; 11:169-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
29
|
Yeun GH, Lee SH, Lim YB, Lee HS, Won MH, Lee BH, Park JH. Synthesis of Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Coupled between α-Lipoic Acid and Polyphenols by Using 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)ethanol Linker. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
30
|
Pandey G, Pandey AK. Nutrition research perspectives in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
31
|
Sumantran VN, Tillu G. Insights on personalized medicine from Ayurveda. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 19:370-5. [PMID: 23098697 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The "omics" era of research has provided vital information on the genetic and biochemical diversity of individuals. This has lead to the emergence of "personalized medicine," wherein one aims to design specific drugs for individual patients or subtypes of patients. Indeed, the ongoing patent wars on this matter, suggest that personalized medicine represents a major goal for today's pharmaceutical industries. Although the concept of personalized medicine is new to modern medicine, it is a well-established concept in Ayurveda, the traditional system of Indian medicine that is still being practiced. Therefore, this article discusses topics that are crucial for the advancement of modern personalized medicine. These topics include disease susceptibility, disease subtypes, and Ayurvedic therapeutics. First, we explain how Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Traditional Korean medicine or Sasang Constitutional medicine; conceptualize disease susceptibility and disease subtypes. Next, we focus on conceptual similarities between molecular medicine and Ayurvedic concepts of disease susceptibility and disease subtypes. For each topic, we explain the relevant experimental evidence reported in the literature. We also propose new hypotheses and suggest experimental approaches for their testing and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venil N Sumantran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Cline BH, Steinbusch HWM, Malin D, Revishchin AV, Pavlova GV, Cespuglio R, Strekalova T. The neuronal insulin sensitizer dicholine succinate reduces stress-induced depressive traits and memory deficit: possible role of insulin-like growth factor 2. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:110. [PMID: 22989159 PMCID: PMC3564824 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of epidemiological studies have established a link between insulin resistance and the prevalence of depression. The occurrence of depression was found to precede the onset of diabetes and was hypothesized to be associated with inherited inter-related insufficiency of the peripheral and central insulin receptors. Recently, dicholine succinate, a sensitizer of the neuronal insulin receptor, was shown to stimulate insulin-dependent H2O2 production of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leading to an enhancement of insulin receptor autophosphorylation in neurons. As such, this mechanism can be a novel target for the elevation of insulin signaling. Results Administration of DS (25 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) in CD1 mice for 7 days prior to the onset of stress procedure, diminished manifestations of anhedonia defined in a sucrose test and behavioral despair in the forced swim test. Treatment with dicholine succinate reduced the anxiety scores of stressed mice in the dark/light box paradigm, precluded stress-induced decreases of long-term contextual memory in the step-down avoidance test and hippocampal gene expression of IGF2. Conclusions Our data suggest that dicholine succinate has an antidepressant-like effect, which might be mediated via the up-regulation of hippocampal expression of IGF2, and implicate the neuronal insulin receptor in the pathogenesis of stress-induced depressive syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon H Cline
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, and Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Clinic Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chen XJ, Sanchez-Gaytan BL, Qian Z, Park SJ. Noble metal nanoparticles in DNA detection and delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 4:273-90. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Vanden Heuvel JP. Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics of ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:75-112. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
36
|
Identification of possible genetic polymorphisms involved in cancer cachexia: a systematic review. J Genet 2011; 90:165-77. [PMID: 21677406 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a polygenic and complex syndrome. Genetic variations in regulation of the inflammatory response, muscle and fat metabolic pathways, and pathways in appetite regulation are likely to contribute to the susceptibility or resistance to developing cancer cachexia. A systematic search of Medline and EmBase databases, covering 1986-2008 was performed for potential candidate genes/genetic polymorphisms relating to cancer cachexia. Related genes were then identified using pathway functional analysis software. All candidate genes were reviewed for functional polymorphisms or clinically significant polymorphisms associated with cachexia using the OMIM and GeneRIF databases. Genes with variants which had functional or clinical associations with cachexia and replicated in at least one study were entered into pathway analysis software to reveal possible network associations between genes. A total of 184 polymorphisms with functional or clinical relevance to cancer cachexia were identified in 92 candidate genes. Of these, 42 polymorphisms (in 33 genes) were replicated in more than one study with 13 polymorphisms found to influence two or more hallmarks of cachexia (i.e. inflammation, loss of fat mass and/or lean mass and reduced survival). Thirty-three genes were found to be significantly interconnected in two major networks with four genes (ADIPOQ, IL6, NFKB1 and TLR4) interlinking both networks. Selection of candidate genes and polymorphisms is a key element of multigene study design. The present study provides an initial framework to select genes/polymorphisms for further study in cancer cachexia, and to develop their potential as susceptibility biomarkers of developing cachexia.
Collapse
|
37
|
Woo YJ, Lee BH, Yeun GH, Kim HJ, Ko JM, Won MH, Lee BH, Park JH. Development of Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Using (R)-Lipoic Acid-Polyphenol Hybrid Molecules. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
38
|
Woo YJ, Lee BH, Yeun GH, Kim HJ, Won MH, Kim SH, Lee BH, Park JH. Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Using Polyphenol-polyphenol Hybrid Molecules. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
39
|
Yu-Ling L, Hsin-Yi P, Hui-Min H, Ching-Hsiu L, Su-Tze C. Effects of Graptopetalum paraguayense consumption on serum lipid profiles and antioxidative status in hypercholesteremic subjects. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:1230-1235. [PMID: 21387322 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is known to be an important component of cellular damage regarding hypercholesterolemia and its complications. In vitro study had demonstrated that extracts of Graptopetalum paraguayense E. Walther exhibited strong antioxidative activities. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of G. paraguayense consumption on antioxidative status and serum lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects. RESULTS Eighteen hypercholesterolemic subjects were instructed to consume 100 g G. paraguayense as a serving of vegetable daily for 8 consecutive weeks. After consumption, there were no changes in waist measurement, body mass index, body fat component, blood pressure, hepatic function (serum alanine aminotransferase activity), renal function (serum creatinine, uric acid) or fasting plasma glucose levels. Daily G. paraguayense consumption significantly increased ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol levels and decreased malondialdehyde level in plasma. Furthermore, daily G. paraguayense consumption significantly increased glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in erythrocyte. However, there were no significant changes in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after G. paraguayense consumption. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that consumption of G. paraguayense may increase in vivo antioxidant activities and have some protective effects in decreasing oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu-Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fong Yuan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Gregori D, Foltran F, Verduci E, Ballali S, Franchin L, Ghidina M, Halpern GM, Giovannini M. A genetic perspective on nutritional profiles: do we still need them? JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2011; 4:25-35. [PMID: 21430388 DOI: 10.1159/000322569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of nutritional genomics and the availability of nutrigenetic tests, which use genetic information to identify food products suited/not suited to the individual nutrigenetic profile, allow defining personalized dietary advice. AIM To compare personalized dietary advice provided to 24 Italian children by a nutrigenetic test based on the recommendations from 2 different, widely employed nutrient profiling (NP) schemes, the USA Health Claims (USAHC) and the Guidelines for Responsible Food Marketing to Children, published by the US Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI); the genetic test-NP agreement regarding 50 commonly eaten foods has been calculated. METHODS Twelve normal-weight and 12 overweight children were recruited in the Trieste district (North-East Italy), and nutrigenetic testing was offered using the G-Diet® Nutrigenomic Kit. Variants of 20 genes were tested and personalized dietary advice was formulated for each subject. The agreement between the NP schemes and among the nutrigenomic indications and both profiles was computed using Cohen's κ. RESULTS Agreement between the USAHC and CSPI schemes was very poor overall (Cohen's κ=0.66). The agreement among the nutrigenomic indications and profiles ranged overall from 0.43 to 0.74 for each nutrigenomic profile with the USAHC, and from 0.29 to 0.80 with the CSPI. CONCLUSION Disagreement on food classification among different NP schemes and inconsistencies deriving from nutrigenetic tests advocate more research into this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gregori
- Laboratories of Epidemiological Methods and Biostatistics, Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cachexia is a progressive deterioration of body habitus associated with chronic diseases. The finding that only a proportion of patients with chronic disease develop cachexia has prompted studies looking for genetic polymorphisms that may underlie differential susceptibility. The aim of this review is to explore how inflammation and gene polymorphisms influence susceptibility to cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS There has been evidence that certain cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with cachexia. However, only the IL10 -1082 G allele, which is associated with an increased risk of developing cachexia has been replicated in more than one study. Variation in genes outwith inflammation pathways (e.g. genes involved in protein metabolism) is also likely to contribute the susceptibility of developing cachexia. The insertion/deletion angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has recently been linked with lower lean body mass in cancer patients with cachexia. SUMMARY Although there is an increasing body of evidence of genetic susceptibility to cachexia, most studies so far have only focussed on a small number of polymorphisms and have small sample sizes. Large-scale candidate gene studies or genome-wide association studies are required to further elucidate the link between genotype and cachexia.
Collapse
|
43
|
The NS, Adair LS, Gordon-Larsen P. A study of the birth weight-obesity relation using a longitudinal cohort and sibling and twin pairs. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:549-57. [PMID: 20688900 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sibling and twin study designs provide control for confounding factors that are typically unmeasured in traditional cohort studies. Using nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health collected at 3 visits during 1994-2002, the authors evaluated the longitudinal association between birth weight and later obesity in a traditional cohort study (n = 13,763; ages 11-21 years at baseline), controlling for sex, age, race/ethnicity, and parental education. Among persons with a nonobese mother, high birth weight (>4 kg) participants were more likely than normal birth weight (>/=2.5-</=4 kg) participants to become obese later in life (incidence rate ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.28, 1.67). In a matched sibling pair sample (full siblings: n = 513; monozygotic twins: n = 207; dizygotic twins: n = 189), the authors examined longitudinal within-pair differences. Birth weight difference was positively associated with body mass index difference later in life for female monozygotic pairs only (beta = 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.99, 4.35). Given the null associations observed in the sibling sample, the commonly observed positive association between birth weight and later obesity from cohort analyses may be attributed to confounding by maternal characteristics. Further research is needed to identify specific factors that contribute to the birth weight-obesity relation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S The
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516-3997, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene ( HMGCR) influences the serum triacylglycerol relationship with dietary fat and fibre in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) study. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:765-72. [PMID: 20540816 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17238540) at the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene (HMGCR) on the relationship between serum lipids and dietary fat and fibre (NSP). FFQ and pyrosequencing were used to assess cross-sectional dietary intake and HMGCR genotype in a population study with data for serum lipids available. Genotype frequencies and allele distributions for 23 011 participants were: TT 95.65 %, TG 4.29 % and GG 0.06 %; T 97.8 % and G 2.2 %. In regression analyses, the TG+GG group showed a significant positive relationship between TAG and SFA intake (+0.11 (95 % CI 0.02, 0.20) mmol TAG/l; P = 0.017; per 3 % SFA energy increase) while the TT individuals showed no change in the TAG levels related to SFA intake ( - 0.0007 (95 % CI - 0.02, 0.02) mmol TAG/l; P = 0.99). TG+GG individuals showed an inverse relationship between TAG and fibre intake higher ( - 0.14 (95 % CI - 0.22, - 0.05) mmol TAG/l than the TT group ( - 0.04 (95 % CI - 0.06, - 0.02) mmol TAG/l). In both cases the respective coefficient regressions of TAG were different between the genotype groups (Z = 2.27, P = 0.023 for SFA intake; Z = 2.19, P = 0.029 for fibre intake). Individuals carrying the G allele may show a greater response in lower TAG levels with reduced SFA intake and increased fibre intake compared with those homozygous for the T allele. The effectiveness of different dietary interventions to control serum lipids may vary according to HMGCR genotype.
Collapse
|
45
|
Armenian SH, Bhatia S. Chronic health conditions in childhood cancer survivors: is it all treatment-related--or do genetics play a role? J Gen Intern Med 2009; 24 Suppl 2:S395-400. [PMID: 19838838 PMCID: PMC2763170 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-009-0995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity, risk-based therapeutic strategies for childhood cancer have resulted in long-term survival rates that now approach 80%. However, the growing population of survivors is at a substantial risk for treatment-related complications that can significantly impact quantity and quality of survival. It is increasingly recognized that many of these complications result from complex interactions between therapeutic exposures and genetic susceptibility. OBJECTIVE This review is designed to increase general clinician awareness of the ongoing efforts by investigators to understand the interactions between therapeutic exposures and genetic susceptibility to therapy-related complications. RESULTS Most studies have relied on a biologically plausible candidate gene approach to evaluate genetic susceptibility. This has resulted in the identification of unique genetic polymorphisms that could alter metabolic pathways of therapeutic agents associated with specific adverse events. We highlight some of these findings and discuss their implications for future prevention strategies, as well as their role in elucidating the pathophysiology of these complex diseases. CONCLUSION Research exploring the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of therapy-related adverse outcomes is still in its infancy. There is a need for continued efforts to study these outcomes in the context of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions unique to cancer survivors. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of these outcomes will help develop effective targeted prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saro H. Armenian
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA USA
- City of Hope Cancer Center, 1500, East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010–3000 USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Baker KS, Armenian S, Bhatia S. Long-term consequences of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: current state of the science. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 16:S90-6. [PMID: 19782145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Scott Baker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
de Krom M, Bauer F, Collier D, Adan RAH, la Fleur SE. Genetic variation and effects on human eating behavior. Annu Rev Nutr 2009; 29:283-304. [PMID: 19400703 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-080508-141124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feeding is a physiological process, influenced by genetic factors and the environment. In recent years, many studies have been performed to unravel the involvement of genetics in both eating behavior and its pathological forms: eating disorders and obesity. In this review, we provide a condensed introduction on the neurological aspects of eating and we describe the current status of research into the genetics of eating behavior, primarily focused on specific traits such as taste, satiation, and hunger. This is followed by an overview on the genetic studies done to unravel the heritable background of obesity and eating disorders. We examine the discussion currently taking place in the field of genetics of complex disorders and phenotypes on how to perform good and powerful studies, with the use of large-scale whole-genome association studies as one of the possible solutions. In the final part of this review, we give our view on the latest developments, including endophenotype approaches and animal studies. Studies of endophenotypes of eating behavior may help to identify core traits that are genetically influenced. Such studies would yield important knowledge on the underlying biological scaffold on which diagnostic criteria for eating disorders could be based and would provide information to influence eating behavior toward healthier living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariken de Krom
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although interactions between fat soluble micronutrients and lipid metabolism in relation to absorption, status and body composition have been well described, there is new evidence to suggest that key genes have profound effects on how micronutrients and lipids are handled in a range of cells and organs. This review highlights the importance of genetic variation in folate, selenium, zinc and carotenoid metabolism and the recent findings of micro-macro nutrient interactions. RECENT FINDINGS Although the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene has been linked to CVD for some time, recent findings indicate that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene are also linked to diabetes and may influence the pathogenesis of this disease through elevated alanine amino transferase concentrations. A recent selenium supplementation trial showed that SNPs can affect responses of GPx4, GPx1 and GPx3 protein expression or activity in response to Se supplementation or withdrawal. There is convincing evidence to suggest that the high variability of plasma carotenoids seen in human populations is at least partly caused by multiple genetic variations in genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transfer. The most striking evidence of an interaction between carotenoid and lipid metabolism, however, comes from the observation that BCMO1 mice develop liver steatosis independent of the vitamin A content of the diet, and the discovery of common SNPs in this gene indicates that this interaction might be of clinical significance. SUMMARY Knowledge of genetic variants that affect micronutrient metabolism and responses to micronutrient supplementation were until recently largely limited to methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. However, identification of novel functional SNPs in BCMO1, the critical enzyme of beta-carotene metabolism, and in several key selenoproteins indicates the potential importance of micronutrient-gene interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lietz
- School of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Goel A, Jhurani S, Aggarwal BB. Multi-targeted therapy by curcumin: how spicy is it? Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 52:1010-30. [PMID: 18384098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional medicines have been used for thousands of years, for most such medicines neither the active component nor their molecular targets have been very well identified. Curcumin, a yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, however, is an exception. Although inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, HER2, tumor necrosis factor, EGFR, Bcr-abl, proteosome, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor have been approved for human use by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), curcumin as a single agent can down-regulate all these targets. Curcumin can also activate apoptosis, down-regulate cell survival gene products, and up-regulate p53, p21, and p27. Although curcumin is poorly absorbed after ingestion, multiple studies have suggested that even low levels of physiologically achievable concentrations of curcumin may be sufficient for its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. Thus, curcumin regulates multiple targets (multitargeted therapy), which is needed for treatment of most diseases, and it is inexpensive and has been found to be safe in human clinical trials. The present article reviews the key molecular mechanisms of curcumin action and compares this to some of the single-targeted therapies currently available for human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Goel
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Charles A Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|