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Kuo CS, Kuo DTF, Chang A, Wang K, Chou PH, Shih YH. Rapid debromination of tetrabromobisphenol A by Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles in water, its mechanisms, and genotoxicity after treatments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128630. [PMID: 35299103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardants, has been detected in various environmental matrices and is known to cause various adverse effects on human bodies. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of remediating TBBPA using Cu/Fe bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu/Fe BNPs) at various environmental and operational conditions. In general, TBBPA removal rate and debromination efficiency increased with higher Cu doping, higher Cu/Fe BNPs loading, higher temperature, and lower pH. At optimal conditions, TBBPA was completed removed at a rate constant > 0.2 min-1 where over 90% TBBPA was transformed to BPA within 30 min. The activation energy was found to be 35.6 kJ/mol, indicating that TBBPA was predominantly removed via surface-controlled reactions. Under pH 3-7 and ≥ 25 °C, debromination was the dominant removal mechanism compared to adsorption. The complete debromination pathway and the time-evolution of intermediates byproducts at different pHs were also presented. Cu/Fe BNPs can be reused for more than 6 times with performance constancy. Genotoxic tests showed that the treated solution did not find a significant hazardous potential. The byproducts can be further degraded by additional H2O2 through Fenton reaction. These results demonstrated the efficacy of Cu/Fe BNPs for treating TBBPA and its potential for degrading other halogenated organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shun Kuo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dave Ta Fu Kuo
- Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Kuo Research & Consulting, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andy Chang
- Air Permit Division, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, United States
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Wydro U, Wołejko E, Pietryczuk A, Cudowski A, Leszczyński J, Rodziewicz J, Janczukowicz W, Butarewicz A. Potential toxicity of leachate from the municipal landfill in view of the possibility of their migration to the environment through infiltration into groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3683-3698. [PMID: 33675453 PMCID: PMC8405471 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Leachate from landfills is a product of complex biological and physicochemical processes occurring during waste storage. In the present study, the toxicity of landfill leachate (LL) to human and bacterial cells was investigated for better understanding of LL environmental toxicity. Studies regarding LL physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity analysis were conducted. In Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, fibroblasts and melanoma A-375 cells, cell viability assays were applied. For the determination of LL antibacterial activity, twofold dilution series of LL were prepared in the range from 50% to 0.1% (50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.13%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0.39%, 0.2%, 0.1%). Human cells viability was examined at LL concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. ROS (reactive oxygen species) content and apoptosis level were also measured in bacterial and human cells under the influence of LL. Unexpectedly obtained results indicate stimulation of bacterial viability by LL. Fibroblasts under the influence of LL showed decrease in their viability and increase in apoptosis level and A-375 melanoma cells showed an increase in relative viability and decrease in apoptosis. ROS level in bacterial cells was elevated in higher LL concentrations and decreased in lower LL concentrations. In human cells, ROS content was rather high in both tested cell lines. Presented results indicate cytotoxic potential of analyzed LL and the necessity of LL monitoring because it may pose a health hazard for exposed human populations and the whole human environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Urszula Wydro
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wołejko
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pietryczuk
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Cudowski
- Department of Water Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Leszczyński
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology and Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Rodziewicz
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Street 117a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Janczukowicz
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska Street 117a, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Butarewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45E Street, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
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Thia E, Chou PH, Chen PJ. In vitro and in vivo screening for environmentally friendly benzophenone-type UV filters with beneficial tyrosinase inhibition activity. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116208. [PMID: 32726716 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are a group of chemically similar organic compounds commonly used in formulations of sunscreen and other personal care products as UV filters to protect our skin against sunlight overexposure. Studies have shown that the occurrence of certain BPs (e.g., BP-3 and its metabolite BP-1) in multiple environmental matrices may increase the incidence of coral planulae bleaching and estrogenic effects on aquatic life. Currently, most BPs are not yet comprehensively screened in vitro and in vivo for their ecotoxicity under environmentally relevant concentrations. This study systematically assessed the in vitro and in vivo toxicity and activity of the 7 most commonly used BPs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-4, BP-6, BP-7 and BP-8) to select BP alternatives with lower ecotoxicity and extra beneficial functions. BP-2 (LC50 = 18.43 µM) was least toxic and BP-3 (LC50 = 4.10 µM) and BP-8 (LC50 =1.62 µM) were less and most toxic, respectively, in terms of 96-hr acute mortality of medaka larvae. BP-2 at environmentally relevant concentrations (5-50 nM) did not significantly alter locomotion and oxidative stress responses of medaka larvae from 24-hr to 7-day exposure, whereas BP-3 and BP-8 at 5 nM induced hypoactivity or changed fish swimming angles. Only BP-2 was able to inhibit in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity, with EC50 value 19.7 µM. Also, BP-2 could effectively suppress melanin formation and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish embryos. Among the 7 tested BPs, BP-2 was the least toxic and the most environmentally friendly UV filter with extra benefit for tyrosinase inhibition and could be a promising alternative to the use of toxic BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Thia
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Soberón JR, Sgariglia MA, Carabajal Torrez JA, Aguilar FA, Pero EJ, Sampietro DA, Fernández de Luco J, Labadie GR. Antifungal activity and toxicity studies of flavanones isolated from Tessaria dodoneifolia aerial parts. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05174. [PMID: 33083621 PMCID: PMC7551329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tessaria dodoneifolia [Asteraceae] is traditionally employed in Northwestern Argentina for fungal infections treatment. We report the antifungal activity guided isolation and identification of substances from aerial parts of this species, both individually and in combination with fluconazole (FLU), against Candida albicans strains. Two antifungal flavanones were identified as naringenin (NAR) and pinocembrin (PIN). These compounds could individually inhibit the growth of C. albicans strains. Combinations of NAR and PIN with FLU were synergistic against the FLU resistant and sensitive C. albicans strains. Genotoxic and cytotoxic evaluations were also performed. NAR, PIN and their combinations with FLU did not have a genotoxic effect on Bacillus subtilis rec strains. Finally, these compounds did not show cytotoxicity at concentrations below 80 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R. Soberón
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Farmacológicos “Dr. A.R. Sampietro”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán; Tucumán; Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Melina A. Sgariglia
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Farmacológicos “Dr. A.R. Sampietro”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán; Tucumán; Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José A. Carabajal Torrez
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Farmacológicos “Dr. A.R. Sampietro”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán; Tucumán; Argentina
| | - Franco A. Aguilar
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Farmacológicos “Dr. A.R. Sampietro”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán; Tucumán; Argentina
| | - Edgardo J.I. Pero
- Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical (IBN), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Horco Molle s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Diego A. Sampietro
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Farmacológicos “Dr. A.R. Sampietro”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471 T4000INI San Miguel de Tucumán; Tucumán; Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo R. Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario, UNR, CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
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Chou PH, Chen CH, Chen KY, Ko FC, Tsai TY, Yeh YP. Assessing the endocrine disrupting potentials and genotoxicity in environmental samples from Taiwanese rivers. Genes Environ 2020; 41:24. [PMID: 31892995 PMCID: PMC6937667 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surface waters receive a variety of organic pollutants via wastewater discharge, and sediment represents a sink for hydrophobic contaminants. In this study, we used in vitro yeast-based reporter gene assays and a Bacillus subtilis Rec-assay to examine the occurrence of endocrine disrupting activities and genotoxic potentials in samples collected from three Taiwanese rivers. Levels of 51 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in muscles of fish captured from same rivers were also analyzed to assess in vivo pollution of PAHs. Results Antagonist activities for androgen receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR) were detected in river water extracts at environmentally relevant concentrations., and sediment extracts exhibited RXR agonist, RXR antagonist, and genotoxic potentials concurrently. Σ16 PAHs in fish muscles ranged from 44.9–242.4 ng g− 1 dry weight, representing 38 to 59% of the total 51 PAHs concentrations, and methylated PAHs of low molecular weight PAHs were often detected as well. Conclusion Taiwanese river sediment samples concomitantly exhibited RXR disrupting potentials and genotoxic activities, whereas RXR agonist and antagonist activities were simultaneously detected in several dry-season sediment extracts. PAH levels in fish muscles were categorized as minimally polluted by aromatic compounds, nonetheless, the presence of methylated PAHs in muscles samples may be of concern owing to the higher toxic potentials than their parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Chou
- 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yu Chen
- 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- 2Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, 2, Houwan Road, Pingtung, 944 Taiwan.,3National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2, Houwan Road, Pingtung, 944 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ya Tsai
- 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Po Yeh
- 1Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1, University Road, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
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6
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Chou PH, Liu TC, Lin YL. Monitoring of xenobiotic ligands for human estrogen receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor in industrial wastewater effluents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 277:13-19. [PMID: 24680543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater contains a variety of toxic substances, which may severely contaminate the aquatic environment if discharged without adequate treatment. In this study, effluents from a thin film transistor liquid crystal display wastewater treatment plant and the receiving water were analyzed by bioassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate the presence of estrogenic compounds, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, and genotoxicants. Xenobiotic AhR agonists were frequently detected and, in particular, strong AhR agonist activity and genotoxicity were found in the suspended solids of the aeration tank outflow. The high AhR agonist activity in the final effluent (FE) and the downstream river water suggested that the treatment plant failed to remove the wastewater-related AhR agonists. In contrast, although significant estrogenic potency could be detected in raw wastewater or effluents from different treatment processes, the FE and the receiving river water exhibited no or weak estrogenicity. Instrumental analysis showed that bisphenol A was often detected in water samples. However, the investigated estrogenic compounds could only account for a small portion of the estrogenicity in the collected samples. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to identify the major estrogenic compounds and AhR agonist contaminants in the wastewater effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratories, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Tong-Cun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratories, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Sustainable Environment Research Laboratories, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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7
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Chou PH, Liu TC, Ko FC, Liao MW, Yeh HM, Yang TH, Wu CT, Chen CH, Tsai TY. Occurrence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and genotoxic compounds in the river systems in Southern Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:257-264. [PMID: 24411837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and sediment samples from river systems located in Southern Taiwan were investigated for the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and genotoxicants by a combination of recombinant cell assays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. AhR agonist activity and genotoxic response were frequently detected in samples collected during different seasons. In particular, dry-season water and sediment samples from Erren River showed strong AhR agonist activity (201-1423 ng L(-1) and 1374-5631 ng g(-1) β-naphthoflavone equivalents) and high genotoxic potential. Although no significant correlation was found between AhR agonist activity and genotoxicity, potential genotoxicants in sample extracts were suggested to be causative agents for yeast growth inhibition in the AhR-responsive reporter gene assay. After high performance liquid chromatography fractionation, AhR agonist candidates were detected in several fractions of Erren River water and sediment extracts, while possible genotoxicants were only found in water extracts. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the typical contaminants showing high AhR binding affinity, were only minor contributors to the AhR agonist activity detected in Erren River sediment extracts. Our findings displayed the usefulness of bioassays in evaluating the extent of environmental contamination, which may be helpful in reducing the chances of false-negative results obtained from chemical analysis of conventional contaminants. Further research will be undertaken to identify major candidates for xenobiotic AhR agonists and genotoxicants to better protect the aquatic environments in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tong-Cun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wei Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Yeh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Han Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ya Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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8
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Genotoxic potentials and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I inhibitory effects of some benzoxazine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Soberón JR, Sgariglia MA, Sampietro DA, Quiroga EN, Vattuone MA. Free radical scavenging activities and inhibition of inflammatory enzymes of phenolics isolated from Tripodanthus acutifolius. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:329-333. [PMID: 20488234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leaf extracts from Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz and Pavón) Van Tieghem have long been used in Argentinean traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, however, there is no scientific evidence which supports this use in the literature. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to evaluate the ability of five phenolic compounds purified from infusion prepared from Tripodanthus acutifolius leaves to inhibit key enzymes in inflammatory processes. As anti-inflammatory compounds frequently possess free radical scavenging activities, purified substances were comparatively evaluated to asses their free radical scavenging properties. Genotoxic effects were also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds were evaluated on their ability to inhibit hyaluronidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activities to assess their anti-inflammatory capacities. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed by: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH), superoxide anion assay and the inhibition on lipid peroxidation. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Bacillus subtilis rec assay. RESULTS Fractionation of Tripodanthus acutifolius infusion yielded a novel phenylbutanoid derivative (tripodantoside) and four known flavonoid glycosides (rutin, nicotiflorin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin). Flavonoids produced higher inhibition on hyluronidase activity (IC(50) approximately 1.7 mM) than tripodantoside (IC(50)=27.90 mM). A similar COX-2 inhibition activity was exerted by tripodantoside and monoglycosilated flavonoids (IC(50) approximately 50 microM). Compounds were strong radical scavengers, with effective concentration 50 (EC(50)) values for DPPH in the range of 2.7-6.3 microg/mL, and for superoxide anion in the range of 3.9-8.7 microg/mL. All compounds scavenged peroxyl radicals in the lipid peroxidation assay. The substances showed no genotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging activities and lack of genotoxicity of purified compounds may support the folk use of infusion from Tripodanthus acutifolius leaves as anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Soberón
- Instituto de Estudios Vegetales Dr. A.R. Sampietro, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Thomas DJL, Tyrrel SF, Smith R, Farrow S. Bioassays for the evaluation of landfill leachate toxicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:83-105. [PMID: 19117211 DOI: 10.1080/10937400802545292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the application of bioassays for assessing the toxicity hazard posed by landfill leachate discharged to an aquatic environment. Landfill leachate is a complex mixture of chemicals; thus it is difficult to assess the risk posed to aquatic wildlife using standard chemical identification techniques, such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). From this review it is clear that toxicity testing, using species that represent the different trophic levels, is a superior way to predict the risk posed by discharge than chemical analysis. Previous studies assessed leachate toxicity using bacteria, algae, plants, invertebrates, fish, and genotoxicity. Studies showed that leachate exhibits a wide range of toxicities to the species tested. Ammonia, alkalinity, heavy metals, and recalcitrant organics were identified to be the cause of adverse responses from the test organisms. Concentrations of these chemicals were found to depend upon the types of waste landfilled. As part of this review, Slooff analysis was applied to published results to calculate the sensitivity of test species. It was concluded that Lemna minor and Thamnocephalus platyurus were the most sensitive tests and, Vibrio fischeri (Microtox) was the least sensitive test available. Little is known about the sensitivity of each species to the different types of waste that might have been landfilled. A battery of tests needed for a more accurate assessment of landfill leachate is proposed. Some of the more common tests have been replaced by more sensitive tests that produce more relevant results for the industry and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Lawrence Thomas
- Sustainable Systems Department, Centre for Resource Management and Efficiency, School of Applied Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
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11
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Oksuzoglu E, Temiz-Arpaci O, Tekiner-Gulbas B, Eroglu H, Sen G, Alper S, Yildiz I, Diril N, Aki-Sener E, Yalcin I. A study on the genotoxic activities of some new benzoxazoles. Med Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-007-9005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tekiner-Gulbas B, Temiz-Arpaci O, Oksuzoglu E, Eroglu H, Yildiz I, Diril N, Aki-Sener E, Yalcin I. QSAR of genotoxic active benzazoles. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 18:251-63. [PMID: 17514569 DOI: 10.1080/10629360701303966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previously synthesized 2,5-disubstituted benzoxazole and benzimidazole derivatives, were tested for their genotoxic activity in the Bacillus subtilis rec- assay. The results revealed that 5-methyl-2-(p-aminobenzyl)benzoxazole exhibited the highest genotoxic response, which was comparable to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO), the reference agent of classical positive mutagen. Among the other tested compounds, four showed a genotoxic activity. A QSAR study revealed that structural parameters IY(C(2)H(4)) and IY(CH(2)O), indicating the bridge elements between the phenyl moiety and the fused ring system at position 2 and the quantum chemical parameter (DeltaE ), showing the difference between HOMO and LUMO energies, were found significant for enhancing the genotoxic activity in these compounds. In addition, the substituent effects on positions R and R(1) were found important for the activity as well as holding a substituent possessing a maximum length with a minimum width property on position R(1) like alkyl groups. On the other hand, substituting position R with an electron donating group instead of electron withdrawing group increased the genotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tekiner-Gulbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Hewitt LM, Marvin CH. Analytical methods in environmental effects-directed investigations of effluents. Mutat Res 2005; 589:208-32. [PMID: 15878143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 12/31/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effluent discharges are released into aquatic environments as complex mixtures for which there is commonly either no knowledge of the toxic components or a lack of understanding of how known toxicants interact with other effluent components. Effects-directed investigations consist of chemical extraction and iterative fractionation steps directed by a biological endpoint that is designed to permit the identification or characterization of the chemical classes or compounds in a complex mixture responsible for the observed biological activity. Our review of the literature on effects-directed analyses of effluents for non-mutagenic as well as mutagenic endpoints showed that common extraction and concentration methods have been used. Since the mid-1980s, the methods have evolved from the use of XAD resins to C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE). Blue cotton, blue rayon, and blue chitin have been used specifically for investigations of mutagenic activity where polycyclic compounds were involved or suspected. After isolation, subsequent fractionations have been accomplished using SPE or a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) system commonly fitted with a C18 reverse-phase column. Substances in active fractions are characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and/or other spectrometric techniques for identification. LC-MS methods have been developed for difficult-to-analyze polar substances identified from effects-directed studies, but the potential for LC-MS to identify unknown polar compounds has yet to be fully realized. Salmonella-based assays (some miniaturized) have been coupled with fractionation methods for most studies aimed at identifying mutagenic fractions and chemical classes in mixtures. Effects-directed investigations of mutagens have focused mostly on drinking water and sewage, whereas extensive investigations of non-mutagenic effects have also included runoff, pesticides, and pulp mill effluents. The success of effects-directed investigations should be based on a realistic initial objective of each project. Identification of chemical classes associated with the measured biological endpoint is frequently achievable; however, confirmation of individual compounds is much more difficult and not always a necessary goal of effects-directed chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mark Hewitt
- Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Branch, National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ont., Canada L7R 4A6.
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