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Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Majsterek I. Relationship between Biochemical Pathways and Non-Coding RNAs Involved in the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:292. [PMID: 38202299 PMCID: PMC10779474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a progressive blinding disease, which affects the vision and quality of life of patients, and it severely impacts the society. This complication, caused by abnormal glucose metabolism, leads to structural, functional, molecular, and biochemical abnormalities in the retina. Oxidative stress and inflammation also play pivotal roles in the pathogenic process of DR, leading to mitochondrial damage and a decrease in mitochondrial function. DR causes retinal degeneration in glial and neural cells, while the disappearance of pericytes in retinal blood vessels leads to alterations in vascular regulation and stability. Clinical changes include dilatation and blood flow changes in response to the decrease in retinal perfusion in retinal blood vessels, leading to vascular leakage, neovascularization, and neurodegeneration. The loss of vascular cells in the retina results in capillary occlusion and ischemia. Thus, DR is a highly complex disease with various biological factors, which contribute to its pathogenesis. The interplay between biochemical pathways and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is essential for understanding the development and progression of DR. Abnormal expression of ncRNAs has been confirmed to promote the development of DR, suggesting that ncRNAs such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and theranostic targets in DR. This review provides an overview of the interactions between abnormal biochemical pathways and dysregulated expression of ncRNAs under the influence of hyperglycemic environment in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Mrowicka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.M.); (I.M.)
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Li ZX, Chen W, Qin M, Wang LX, Zeng YQ. Characteristics of circRNAs expression profiles in the piglets intestine induced by oxidative stress. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:425-433. [PMID: 34449066 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Oxidative stress (OS) can affect the expression of key genes and destroy the intestinal structure. However, it is unclear how OS regulates the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs exposed to OS. METHODS Piglets were exposed to diquat (DQ), a herbicide, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the morphology of the intestine were investigated. We utilized whole transcriptome sequencing to examine the global expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the jejunum. RESULTS Compared to controls, 751 circRNAs, 731 miRNAs and 164 mRNAs were differentially expressed in diquat-treated piglets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that oxidative phosphorylation, RNA degradation and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were closely associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that diquat-induced OS alters the intestinal structure, resulting in the differential expression of circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the jejunum of piglets. Meanwhile, OS weakened the enzyme antioxidant system in serum of piglets. Our results provide a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms involved in the response to OS in the jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qing Zeng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 DaiZong Street, Tai'an City, 271018, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zurawska A, Mycko MP, Selmaj KW. Circular RNAs as a novel layer of regulatory mechanism in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:576971. [PMID: 31163273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.576971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to be an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which autoreactive immune cells recognizing myelin antigens lead to demyelination and axonal injury. Mechanisms inducing and controlling the pathogenesis of MS have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies suggest an important role of epigenetic processes during the development of MS. One of the most significant discoveries in the field of epigenetic contribution to immune response has been the recognition of a group of microRNAs (miRNAs). These single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins and have already been shown to be involved in pathogenesis of MS. Some miRNAs enhance generation of pro-inflammatory immune cells by promoting Th1 and Th17 pathways and others contribute to regulatory and tissue repair processes. The miRNA-dependent controlling process of autoimmune reactions is highly complex because of miRNA redundancy and multitarget nature of most of these molecules. Recently it was discovered that circular RNAs (circRNA) representing a new class of RNA possess a unique ability to control miRNAs by blocking their activity. CircRNAs are called natural miRNA "sponges" as the single circRNA molecule is able to neutralize several miRNAs and thus might determine the availability of miRNAs for their posttranscription regulation. Thus, circRNAs emerged as critical factors in epigenetic regulation of many human diseases including MS. In addition, in contrary to other RNA species they are very stable in the blood and other biological fluids and thus might be considered as a candidate for a biomarker of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zurawska
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin P Mycko
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W Selmaj
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Hu X, Zhu M, Liu B, Liang Z, Huang L, Xu J, Yu L, Li K, Jiang M, Xue R, Cao G, Gong C. Circular RNA alterations in the Bombyx mori midgut following B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:461-470. [PMID: 30103194 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, no systematic studies have examined circRNA expression profiles in the silkworm following B.mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. To explore the expression patterns of circRNAs in the silkworm midgut following BmNPV infection, circRNAs in normal midguts and BmNPV-infected midguts were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 353 circRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 241 were upregulated and 112 were downregulated following infection. GO annotation and KEGG pathways analyses of these circRNAs showed that many key immunity pathways and metabolism pathways were enriched in the BmNPV-infected midguts. The potential roles of the predicted targets of the miRNAs that interacted with the circRNAs showed that ubiquitin, apoptosis, and endocytosis signaling pathways were enriched significantly by BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lixu Huang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengsheng Jiang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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