2630 Avelumab (MSB0010718C), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A phase Ib trial

Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment

Breast cancer, as a heterogeneous disease, includes a wide range of pathological and clinical behaviors. Current treatment protocols, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement therapy, are mainly associated with poor response and high rate of recurrence. Therefore, more efforts are needed to develop alternative therapies for this type of cancer. Immunotherapy, as a novel strategy in cancer treatment, has a potential in treating breast cancer patients. Although breast cancer has long been considered problematic to treat with immunotherapy, as it is immunologically "cold," numerous newer preclinical and clinical reports now recommend that immunotherapy has the capability to treat breast cancer patients. In this review, we highlight the different immunotherapy strategies in breast cancer treatment.

Cancer immunotherapy: new applications in urologic oncology

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Immunotherapy in urological cancer has made substantial progress during the last 20 years, but recent advances in immunotherapy have completely transformed the present treatment landscape. In this review, we summarize major clinical achievements of immunotherapy in genitourinary cancers, as well as address potential new directions for these therapies, including new agents, combinations, and biomarkers.

RECENT FINDINGS

Recently, nivolumab and atezolizumab have joined sipuleucel-T as Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies in urological malignancies. Additional checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines are being tested in clinical trials. Furthermore, significant work has been done exploring predictors of response to therapy.

SUMMARY

Immunotherapy has changed the treatment of urologic malignancies. New immunotherapies and novel combinations will continue to create new treatment options in urologic tumors.