1
|
Fujimoto J, Sato E. Sex steroids in uterine endometrial cancers. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 5:143-51. [PMID: 25961249 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Some uterine endometrial cancers conserve estrogen dependency in advancement. However, the concept of advancement in tumor is complicated, because it involves simple growth in primary tumor and secondary spreading. The expression manner of estrogen receptor alpha exon 5 splicing variant, ER beta, progesterone receptor-A (N-terminus deletion mutant) is associated with metastatic potential in uterine endometrial cancers. Increased estrogen-related receptor alpha expression is related to tumor advancement with the loss of estrogen dependency. Steroid receptor coactivator-3 contributes to tumor progression and can be used as a treatment target for advanced uterine endometrial cancers. Estrogen responsive oncogenes, c-jun and c-Ha-ras, are not modi-fied by progestin in uterine endometrial cancer cells and are considered to be an instinct phenotype as such cancers. By contrast, metastatic potential of estrogen-dependent uterine endometrial cancers can be partially controlled by progestin via metastasis-related genes, E-cadherin/catenins, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor. Thus, sex steroids related phenomena are impress-ive in the advancement of uterine endometrial cancers.
Collapse
|
2
|
Hirschfeld M, Ouyang YQ, Jaeger M, Erbes T, Orlowska-Volk M, Zur Hausen A, Stickeler E. HNRNP G and HTRA2-BETA1 regulate estrogen receptor alpha expression with potential impact on endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:86. [PMID: 25884434 PMCID: PMC4355463 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor alpha (ERa/ESR1) expression is regulated by alternative splicing. Its most frequently detectable exon7 skipping isoform (ERaD7) is a dominant negative variant. Elevated expression of ERaD7 was already detected in endometrial cancer (EC), while its potential prognostic significance has not been characterized so far. Exon7 contains potential binding sites for the two functional splicing regulatory opponents, HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 known to trigger opposite effects on EC outcome. This study served to elucidate the influence of HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 on ERa exon7 splicing regulation and the impact of ERaD7 concentration on type 1 EC outcome. Methods Functional in vitro experiments for HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 in regard to the regulatory impact on endogenous and exogenous ERaD7 splicing were performed. Additionally, real-time PCR determined mRNA levels of ERaD7, HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 in 116 type 1 EC patients. Results HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 were found to be specific regulators of ERa exon7 splicing. While HTRA2-BETA1 promoted exon7 inclusion, HNRNPG antagonized this effect by inducing exon7 skipping (p = 0.004). ERaD7 was detected in 71 out of 116 type 1 EC specimens. Statistical analyses revealed an inverse correlation between ERaD7 mRNA levels and tumor grading (p = 0.029), FIGO stage (p = 0.033) as well as lymph node metastases (p = 0.032), respectively. Furthermore, higher ERaD7 expression could be correlated to an improved disease-specific survival (p = 0.034). Conclusions Our study demonstrates antagonistic regulatory effects of HNRNPG and HTRA2-BETA1 on ERa exon7 splicing with potential impact on type 1 EC clinical outcome due to the consecutively variable expression levels of the ERa isoform D7. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1088-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Hirschfeld
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstr 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yi Qin Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Markus Jaeger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstr 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstr 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Axel Zur Hausen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstr 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taylor SE, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Oestrogen receptor splice variants in the pathogenesis of disease. Cancer Lett 2009; 288:133-48. [PMID: 19608332 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The full-length oestrogen receptor (ER) exists in most vertebrates as two separately encoded isoforms. ER splice variants represent truncated or otherwise modified versions of the full-length alpha or beta isoforms of the parent receptor. ERalpha is found on chromosome 6q and encodes a 595 amino acid protein, while ERbeta is found on chromosome 14q and encodes a 530 amino acid protein. These receptors possess differing ligand affinities, are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific fashion and may act antagonistically. Their altered expression has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a diverse range of conditions from cancer progression in hormone-responsive tissues to neurodegenerative disease. Variously co-expressed with full-length ERs, ER splice variants may have a positive or negative influence on transcription either by modifying the effect of the parent receptor or through their own intrinsic activity. To date, the vast majority of studies have used generic primers or antibodies against the full-length receptors and would not distinguish ER-mediated effects associated with various splice variants. Thus the evidence base of the influence of ER splice variants in normal developmental physiology and in the pathogenesis of disease is weak and greater understanding of their role will undoubtedly lead to new therapeutic strategies for disease intervention and treatment. This review aims to compile the current evidence for the presence of ER splice variants in humans, their physiological roles and clinical sequelae.
Collapse
|
4
|
Witek A, Paul-Samojedny M, Stojko R, Seifert B, Mazurek U. Coexpression index of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA isoforms in simple, complex hyperplasia without atypia, complex atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2007; 106:407-12. [PMID: 17561234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogen receptor isoforms are postulated to play an important role in modulating the estrogen response. To clarify the molecular mechanisms through which malignant changes are activated in endometrium, this study aims to examine the expression profiles of wild-type ER-alpha and their splice variants and to assess the number of coexisting mRNA isoforms of ER-alpha in normal endometrium as well as in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. METHODS Human endometrium and specimens including endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer were obtained during surgery. Endometrial data were classified into four groups: simple hyperplasia (n=24), complex hyperplasia (n=15), atypical hyperplasia (n=11), endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (n=19) (grade 1, grade 2 morphological degree) and proliferative endometrium (n=24) as a control group. Total cellular RNA was extracted from endometrial tissues using Total RNA Prep Plus. A real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed to quantify the wild-type ER-alpha and ER-alpha mRNA isoforms copy numbers. We have evaluated the variation in ERs mRNA level between normal endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. We also evaluated the "sharing indicator". It is a factor of mRNA ER-alpha holding shares in whole mRNA it assume quotient of ER-alpha slicing variant to all variants of mRNA ER-alpha. RESULTS It was found that the number of coexisting mRNA isoforms was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma endometrium than that evaluated for various degrees of hyperplasia endometrium and normal proliferative endometrium (p<0.05, the Kruskal-Wallis test). CONCLUSION The risk for progression of endometrial hyperplasia to atypical hyperplasia and eventually endometrioid adenocarcinoma may be accompanied by an increase in the number of alternative splicing variants of mRNA ER-alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujimoto J, Sun WS, Misao R, Sakaguchi H, Aoki I, Toyoki H, Tamaya T. Expression of estrogen receptor beta exon-deleted variant mRNAs in ovary and uterine endometrium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 84:133-40. [PMID: 12710996 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Various estrogen receptor beta exon-deleted variant (ER-beta EDV) mRNAs were expressed in human ovary and uterine endometrium. Estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) completely or partially deleted exon n is expressed as ER-beta EnDV or En'DV, respectively. The mRNAs for ER-beta single exon-deleted variant (EDV), ER-beta E2DV, E4DV, E5DV and E6DV; for ER-beta double exon-deleted variants, ER-beta E1'+2DV, E4+5DV and E5+6DV; and for ER-beta triple exon-deleted variants, ER-beta E2'+3+4DV and E4+5+6DV were detected. In ER-beta E2DV, E4+5DV, E5DV and E6DV mRNAs, the new stop codon is made in the exon following the deleted exon(s), and the new proteins may lack the corresponding domains. In ER-beta E1'+2DV, E2'+3+4DV, E4DV, E4+5+6DV and E5+6DV mRNAs, the original stop codon is still present, and the new proteins may conserve the new short amino acid sequences surrounding the deleted exons. ER-beta E1'+2DV, E2DV, E2'+3+4DV, E4DV, E4+5DV and E4+5+6 are unlikely to work as a transcription factors. On the other hand, ER-beta E5DV, E6DV and E5+6DV lack only the ligand-binding domain, and might work as dominant positive or negative factors. Therefore, ER-beta E5DV, E6DV and E5+6DV, constitutively expressed in human ovary and uterine endometrium might, in part regulate estrogen responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, Gifu City 500-8705, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, Poisson E, Lombès M. A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action. Mol Endocrinol 2001; 15:1586-98. [PMID: 11518808 DOI: 10.1210/mend.15.9.0689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone effects are mediated by the MR, which possesses the same affinity for mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids. In addition to the existence of mechanisms regulating intracellular hormone availability, we searched for human MR splice variants involved in tissue-specific corticosteroid function. We have identified a new human MR isoform, hMRDelta5,6, resulting from an alternative splicing event skipping exons 5 and 6 of the human MR gene. hMRDelta5,6 mRNAs are expressed in several human tissues at different levels compared with wild-type human MR, as shown by real time PCR. Introduction of a premature stop codon results in a 75-kDa protein lacking the entire hinge region and ligand binding domain. Interestingly, hMRDelta5,6 is still capable of binding to DNA and acts as a ligand-independent transactivator, with maximal transcriptional induction corresponding to approximately 30-40% of aldosterone-activated wild-type human MR. Coexpression of hMRDelta5,6 with human MR or human GR increases their transactivation potential at high doses of hormone. Finally, hMRDelta5,6 is able to recruit the coactivators, steroid receptor coactivator 1, receptor interacting protein 140, and transcription intermediary factor 1alpha, which enhance its transcriptional activity. Ligand-independent transactivation and enhancement of both wild-type MR and GR activities by hMRDelta5,6 suggests that this new variant might play a role in modulating corticosteroid effects in target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Zennaro
- INSERM U 478, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75870 Paris Cedex 18, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fujimoto J, Sakaguchi H, Aoki I, Khatun S, Toyoki H, Tamaya T. Steroid receptors and metastatic potential in endometrial cancers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 75:209-12. [PMID: 11282273 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(00)00176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relative overexpression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha exon 5 splicing variant, the disrupted synchronization of ER-beta and ER-alpha expressions, and the suppression of progesterone receptor (PR) form A expression as a transcriptional repressor might be related to metastatic potential of uterine endometrial cancers, leading to poor patient prognosis related to estrogen refractoriness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-machi, 500-8705, Gifu City, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fujimoto J, Sakaguchi H, Aoki I, Tamaya T. Steroid receptors and metastatic potential in endometrial cancers. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36 Suppl 4:S33. [PMID: 11056308 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relative overexpression of oestrogen receptor (ER)-alpha exon 5 splicing variant (ER-alpha E5SV), ER-beta and progesterone receptor (PR) from B (PR-B) without transcriptional repression by PR from A (PR-A) might be related to the metastatic potential and partially cause deviation from sex steroidal dependency in endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, 40, Tsukasa-machi, 500-8705, Gifu City, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chu S, Mamers P, Burger HG, Fuller PJ. Estrogen receptor isoform gene expression in ovarian stromal and epithelial tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1200-5. [PMID: 10720062 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.3.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The factors involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancers remain unclear, and the response of these tumors to hormonal therapy is limited. The identification of a second estrogen receptor gene (ERbeta), expressed predominantly in ovarian granulosa cells, led us to explore its possible role in ovarian cancer, particularly in granulosa cell tumors (GCT). Several isoforms of ERbeta have been identified. We sought to define the patterns of both ERalpha and ERbeta gene expression in a panel of ovarian tumors consisting of GCT and serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinomas as well as in normal ovary. Expression was determined by RT-PCR using gene- and isoform-specific primers and probes combined with Southern blot analysis of the PCR products. Widespread expression of ERalpha was observed in all tumor types, but at relatively low levels. ERbeta is expressed predominantly in GCT, with lower levels in mucinous tumors and very low levels in serous tumors. The ERbeta2 splice variant previously reported in rodents was not observed. Only very low levels of the exon 5, exon 6, and exon 5/6 deletion variants were detected. The C-terminal truncation variant ERbeta(cx), however, exhibited widespread expression across all the tumor types. As ERbeta(cx) has been shown to be a ligand-independent antagonist of ERalpha action, the relative ratios of ERbeta(cx), ERalpha, and ERbeta may influence the response of a tumor to antiestrogen therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Autoradiography
- Blotting, Southern
- Blotting, Western
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/metabolism
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Granulosa Cell Tumor/genetics
- Granulosa Cell Tumor/metabolism
- Humans
- Isomerism
- Middle Aged
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chu
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research and the Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash Medical Center, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jazaeri O, Shupnik MA, Jazaeri AA, Rice LW. Expression of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and protein variants in human endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 74:38-47. [PMID: 10385549 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer tissue has been shown to contain alternatively spliced estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) mRNA variants, which have altered biological activities compared to the full-length ER-alpha. The development of endometrial cancer, as well as drug resistance in breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy, may represent altered ER-alpha function secondary to specific exon deletions. While the literature is replete with ER mRNA variant data, little information is available regarding the presence and function of endometrial ER variant proteins. We evaluated the presence of human ER-alpha mRNA and protein variants in six premenopausal, six postmenopausal, and six endometrial carcinoma samples. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, DNA hybridization, and sequencing techniques identified exon 4, exon 5, and exon 7 mRNA splice variants in all patients as well as MCF-7 and Ishikawa cell lines. Presence of translated proteins for full-length ER-alpha, as well as splice variants, was investigated by Western blot analysis using antibodies directed against the N-terminus, hinge region, and C-terminus portions of the ER. These experiments confirmed the presence of immunopositive protein bands of approximately 64-66 kDa in all patients corresponding to wild-type ER-alpha. A protein band migrating at 41 kDa, consistent with an exon 5 splice variant, was only seen in endometrial adenocarcinoma samples. Premenopausal and postmenopausal endometrial samples did not contain detectable amounts of ER splice variant protein. Human ER-alpha mRNA variants are present in all human endometrial samples, but detectable levels of variant proteins are only observed in patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Jazaeri
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22906, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
According to the epidemiologic literature and the laboratory characterization of receptor content and molecular interactions, there is a relationship between the microenvironment of ovarian cancer and steroid hormones. Advances in our knowledge of the molecular-hormonal nature of ovarian cancer will help in designing a rationale for clinical trials in appropriate subsets of patients. However, currently, development of successful therapies and prevention strategies for women at risk remains a true challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Emons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Misao R, Iwagaki S, Fujimoto J, Nakanishi Y, Sun WS, Tamaya T. Expression of sex hormone-binding globulin exon 7 splicing variant mRNA in secondary spreading lesions of gynecological cancers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1999; 68:103-9. [PMID: 10369407 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the clinical implications of intracellular expression of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) wild-type and exon 7 splicing variant mRNAs in secondary spreading lesions of gynecologic cancers using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-Southern blot and DNA sequencing analyses. Compared with primary cancers, a relative increase in SHBG variant mRNA to wild-type mRNA expression was observed (4/10 cases of uterine endometrial cancers, 5/10 cases of uterine cervical cancers, 6/10 cases of ovarian cancers) or the expression of SHBG wild-type and variant mRNAs could not be detected (5/10 cases of uterine endometrial cancers, 3/10 cases of uterine cervical cancers, 4/10 cases of ovarian cancers). On the other hand, alteration to a relative increase in SHBG wild-type mRNA expression in the metastatic lesions occurred in only 3 cases (1/10 cases of uterine endometrial cancers and 2/10 cases of uterine cervical cancers) analyzed. These results suggest that the transcription of SHBG mRNA and the regulation of its splicing might be altered with metastatic potential, and this status might be involved in a change in steroidal dependency of metastatic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Misao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mito K, Tamura T, Hosokawa K, Kondo T, Yamamoto T, Honjo H. Expression of exon 5 deleted estrogen receptor variant messenger RNA in human uterine myometrium and leiomyoma. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1998; 67:9-16. [PMID: 9780024 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between uterine leiomyoma, an estrogen-dependent tumor and its estrogen receptor, the relative amounts of wild type estrogen receptor (WT) mRNA and exon 5 deleted estrogen receptor variant (D5-ER) mRNA to G3PDH mRNA were examined in human uterine myometrium and leiomyoma specimens obtained from 46 patients in 3 age groups (group A: 41-45 years old, group B: 46-50 years old, group C: 51-54 years old) using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method (RT-PCR). D5-ER mRNA was co-expressed with WT mRNA in all myometrium and leiomyoma specimens. In myometrium, the relative amount of WT decreased with aging, but in leiomyoma, it was high in group B. The relative amount of D5-ER mRNA and the ratio of D5-ER mRNA to WT mRNA (D5/WT ratio) were significantly higher in group C in both myometrium and leiomyoma. The percentage of the patients whose D5/WT ratio was higher in leiomyoma than in myometrium (L/M ratio>1.0) increased with age. These findings suggest that D5-ER increases to supplement the decreasine in WT in uterine tissues toward menopause and that D5-ER plays a more active role in leiomyoma than in myometrium during the perimenopausal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Mito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fujimoto J, Hirose R, Ichigo S, Sakaguchi H, Tamaya T. DNA polymorphism in B-domain of the estrogen receptor-alpha among Japanese women. Steroids 1998; 63:146-8. [PMID: 9558715 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(97)00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A silent mutation in B-domain of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER B) change codon 87 (from GCG to GCC) is clinically correlated with frequent spontaneous abortion and familial history of breast cancer among Caucasian patients. However, none of the 167 Japanese female patients and 46 Japanese female healthy volunteers showed ER B variant. Therefore, this DNA polymorphism might involve a genetic racial difference, and appears not to be correlated with frequent spontaneous abortion or familial history of breast cancer at least among Japanese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Fujimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|