General synthesis of alpha-substituted 3-bisaryloxy propionic acid derivatives as specific MMP inhibitors

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitors in cancer: A minireview

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent proteolytic metalloenzyme. MMP-9 is one of the most complex forms of matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-9 has the ability to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) components and has important role in the pathophysiological functions. Overexpression and dysregulation of MMP-9 is associated with various diseases. Thus, regulation and inhibition of MMP-9 is an important therapeutic approach for combating various diseases including cancer. Inhibitors of MMP-9 can be used as anticancer agents. Till date no selective MMP-9 inhibitors passed the clinical trials. In this review the structure, activation, function and inhibitors of MMP-9 are mainly focused. Some highly active and/or selective MMP-9 inhibitors have been discussed which may be helpful to explore the structural significance of MMP-9 inhibitors. This study may be useful to design new potent and selective MMP-9 inhibitors against cancer in future.

Advances in studies on collagenase inhibitors

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Development of MMP inhibitors, in particular collagenase inhibitors, for the treatment of arthritis has been more challenging, undoubtedly. Small-molecular-weight collagenase inhibitors may be classified into several different arbitrary structural classes, depending on the catalytic zinc-binding function as well as other structural elements of the inhibitors. This chapter tries to make an attempt in providing the reader with an overall flavor of the type of scaffolds reported in the past few years along with the molecular modeling studies.

Orally active MMP-1 sparing α-tetrahydropyranyl and α-piperidinyl sulfone matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors with efficacy in cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease

α-Sulfone-α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates were explored that are potent inhibitors of MMP's-2, -9, and -13 that spare MMP-1, with oral efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth in mice and left-ventricular hypertrophy in rats and in the bovine cartilage degradation ex vivo explant system. α-Piperidine 19v (SC-78080/SD-2590) was selected for development toward the initial indication of cancer, while α-piperidine and α-tetrahydropyranyl hydroxamates 19w (SC-77964) and 9i (SC-77774), respectively, were identified as backup compounds.

Selective MMP13 inhibitors

Pharmacology of MMP13 and MMP13 selective inhibitors is reviewed.

QSAR analysis of some 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases and bacterial collagenase

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study has been performed on 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a bacterial collagenase known as Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (ChC) to understand the structural features influencing the affinity of these inhibitors towards the enzyme. The compounds in the selected series were characterized by topological and fragmental descriptors calculated using QuaSAR module of molecular operating environment (MOE). An indicator variable was also assigned to account for the presence of amide function in vicinity of sulfonamide group in the parent structure. Correlations between different inhibitory activities and calculated predictor variables were established through stepwise multiple regression employing the method of least squares. The results of the study indicates that MMP inhibitory activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles can be successfully explained in terms of topology of the molecule. The obtained correlations also suggest that increase in the number of fluorine atoms in the aromatic ring will augment inhibitory activity of these molecules against all the MMPs probably by virtue of hydrogen bond interaction with some complementary groups in the active site of the enzymes. One prime requirement for better inhibition of MMPs (except for MMP-1) and ChC identified from the present study is the presence of amide function in vicinity of sulfonamide group in the parent structure as suggested by the presence of indicator variable in almost all correlations. While MMP-1 and ChC inhibitory activity of the compounds studied is shown to be dependent on Kier's first order carbon valence molecular connectivity index indicating that increase in branching and presence of heteroatoms in the molecule will improve the MMP-1 and ChC inhibitory potency of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, correlations derived for other enzymes (MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9) are quite similar. In addition to the number of fluorine atoms and presence of indicator variable, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitory activity of 5-amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is found to be dependent on Kier's alpha modified index of third order in such a way that infer, terminally branched functions will increase the affinity of these molecules to the MMPs.

Pyran-containing sulfonamide hydroxamic acids: potent MMP inhibitors that spare MMP-1

The SAR of a series of sterically hindered sulfonamide hydroxamic acids with relatively large P1' groups is described. The compounds typically spare MMP-1 while being potent inhibitors of MMP-13. The metabolically more stable compounds in the series contain either a monocyclic or bicyclic pyran ring adjacent to the hydroxamate group. Despite the sparing of MMP-1, pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed that fibrosis in rats and MSS in humans is still produced.

Solid-phase synthesis of alpha-substituted 3-bisarylthio N-hydroxy propionamides as specific MMP inhibitors

A novel series of potent and specific MMP-2,3,9,13 inhibitors has been obtained by modulation on solid phase by alpha and aryl substitutions on 3-arylthio-N-hydroxy-propionamides starting from itaconic acid.