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Research progress on the structure and biological diversities of 2-phenylindole derivatives in recent 20 years. Bioorg Chem 2023; 132:106342. [PMID: 36621157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The privileged structure binds to multiple receptors with high affinity, which is helpful to the development of new bioactive compounds. Indole is classified as a privileged structure, which may be one of the most important structural categories in drug discovery. As a special subset of indole compounds, 2-phenylindole seems to be one of most promising forerunners of drug development. In this paper, 106 articles were referenced to review the structural changes, biological activities and structure-activity relationship of compounds in recent 20 years, and classified them according to their pharmacological activities, from several aspects, including anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, anti-parasite, the biological activities target to central nervous system, et al. It also points out the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in discovery of new 2-phenylindole compounds in a broader prospect. This review will provide some ideas for researchers to develop new indole drugs.
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2
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Long H, Xu K, Chen S, Lin J, Wu D, Wu B, Tian X, Ackermann L. Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Arylation of Imines toward Diverse Indoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:3053-3056. [PMID: 30998370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient nickel-catalyzed intramolecular direct arylation of imines with challenging aryl chlorides has been developed. The versatile nickel catalysis made use of easily accessible imines and delivered diversely decorated 2-arylindoles of considerable importance to biological and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Kunhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Xu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 511436 , China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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3
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Baral ER, Lee YR, Kim SH. 3-Naphthylindole Construction by Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylation of Indoles with 1-Diazonaphthalen-2-(1H)-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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4
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Subedi M, Chen J, Kang E, Kim KI, Byun Y. Facile Synthesis of 2-(4-Hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)-1 H-indoles from Anilines and 5′-Bromo-2′-hydroxyacetophenone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2015.1043390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jianbo Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Kyung Im Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youngjoo Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Valois-Escamilla I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Rangel-Ramos LF, Suárez-Castillo OR, Ayala-Mata F, Zepeda-Vallejo G. Synthesis of 6-bromo-2-arylindoles using 2-iodobenzoic acid as precursor. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Miwa K, Hitaka T, Imada T, Sasaki S, Yoshimatsu M, Kusaka M, Tanaka A, Nakata D, Furuya S, Endo S, Hamamura K, Kitazaki T. Discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (TAK-385) as a potent, orally active, non-peptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4998-5012. [PMID: 21657270 DOI: 10.1021/jm200216q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered an orally active human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivative 1 (sufugolix). To reduce the cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitory activity and improve in vivo GnRH antagonistic activity, further optimization of this scaffold was carried out. We focused our synthetic efforts on chemical modification at the 5 and 3 positions of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione ring based on computational modeling, which resulted in the discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (16b) as a highly potent and orally active GnRH antagonist. Compound 16b showed potent in vitro GnRH antagonistic activity in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) without CYP inhibition. Oral administration of 16b maintained the suppressive effect of the plasma luteinizing hormone levels in castrated cynomolgus monkeys at a 3 mg/kg dose for more than 24 h. Compound 16b is currently under clinical development with the code name of TAK-385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Miwa
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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7
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Heitman LH, Ijzerman AP. G protein-coupled receptors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: a case for Gnrh, LH, FSH, and GPR54 receptor ligands. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:975-1011. [PMID: 18561294 DOI: 10.1002/med.20129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, important in reproduction and sex hormone-dependent diseases, is regulated by a number of G protein-coupled receptors. The recently "deorphanized" GPR54 receptor activated by the peptide metastin is thought to be the key regulator of the axis, mainly by releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. The latter decapeptide, through the activation of the GnRH receptor in the anterior pituitary, causes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which subsequently activate their respective receptors on the gonadotrope cells. In this review we will discuss the small molecule agonists and antagonists that are currently being developed to intervene with the action of these four receptors. For GnRH receptors, 14 different chemical classes of non-peptidic antagonists have been reported, while for the LH receptor three classes of agonists have been described. Both agonists and antagonists have been introduced for the FSH receptor. Recently, the first non-peptidic agonist for GPR54 was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Heitman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Bellina F, Benelli F, Rossi R. Direct Palladium-Catalyzed C-3 Arylation of Free (NH)-Indoles with Aryl Bromides under Ligandless Conditions. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5529-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo8007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bellina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Benelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Heitman LH, Ye K, Oosterom J, IJzerman AP. Amiloride Derivatives and a Nonpeptidic Antagonist Bind at Two Distinct Allosteric Sites in the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1808-15. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.043521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Arnould JC, Delouvrié B, Boutron P, Dossetter AG, Foote KM, Hamon A, Hancox U, Harris CS, Hutton M, Lamorlette M, Matusiak Z. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of thieno[2,3-b]pyrroles as antagonists of the GnRH receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6448-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Sarma PKS, Tiwari A, Kondaskar A, Cliffe IA. Peptidomimetic GnRH receptor antagonists for the treatment of reproductive and proliferative diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.6.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Gogrichiani EO, Katsadze EA, Gavtadze NG, Samsoniya SA, D�rr H. Derivatives of indole. 143.* synthesis of photochromic derivatives of 2-arylindoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-005-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Nonpeptide Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Antagonists. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(04)39008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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14
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Enantiospecific and regioselective opening of 2-alkyl nosylaziridines by indoles mediated by boron trifluoride. Application to a practical synthesis of a GnRH antagonist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Guo Z, Zhu YF, Tucci FC, Gao Y, Struthers RS, Saunders J, Gross TD, Xie Q, Reinhart GJ, Chen C. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 1-arylmethyl-3-(2-aminopropyl)-5-aryl-6-methyluracils as potent GnRH receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3311-5. [PMID: 12951116 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The novel synthesis and SAR studies of 6-methyluracils as human GnRH receptor antagonists are discussed. Introduction of a small methyl substituent at the beta-position from N3 of the uracil improved the GnRH binding potency by 5- to 10-fold. The best compound from the series had binding affinity of 5 nM (K(i)) to the human GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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16
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Guo Z, Chen Y, Wu D, Zhu YF, Struthers RS, Saunders J, Xie Q, Chen C. Synthesis and structure–Activity relationships of thieno[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives as potent GnRH receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3617-22. [PMID: 14505682 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR studies of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones as human GnRH receptor antagonists to treat reproductive diseases are discussed. It was found that the 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl group on the 5-aminomethyl functionality of the core structure was a key feature for good receptor binding activity. SAR study of the 6-(4-aminophenyl) group suggests that hydrophobic substituents were preferred. The best compound from this series had binding affinity (K(i)) of 0.4 nM to the human GnRH receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 10555 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Many lead compounds with the potential to progress to viable drug candidates have been identified from libraries during the past two years. There are two key strategies most often employed to find leads from libraries: first, high-throughput biological screening of corporate compound collections; and second, synthesis and screening of project-directed libraries (i.e. target-based libraries). Numerous success stories, including the discovery of several clinical candidates, testify to the utility of chemical library collections as proven sources of new leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Golebiowski
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, Mason, OH 45040-8006, USA.
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18
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Tucci FC, Zhu YF, Guo Z, Gross TD, Connors PJ, Struthers RS, Reinhart GJ, Wang X, Saunders J, Chen C. A novel synthesis of 7-aryl-8-fluoro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimid-4-ones as potent, stable GnRH receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3491-5. [PMID: 12419391 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of small molecule GnRH antagonists, the 7-aryl-8-fluoro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimid-4-ones, was designed and a novel synthesis for these compounds was developed. The synthesis utilizes a base-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of fluoromethyl pyrimidone 5 to generate the bicyclic core. Amongst the compounds synthesized, we discovered some highly potent GnRH receptor antagonists (e.g., 12, K(i)=9 nM), which showed enhanced stability towards acidic physiological conditions compared to the des-fluoro analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio C Tucci
- Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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19
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Young JR, Huang SX, Walsh TF, Wyvratt MJ, Yang YT, Yudkovitz JB, Cui J, Mount GR, Ren RN, Wu TJ, Shen X, Lyons KA, Mao AH, Carlin JR, Karanam BV, Vincent SH, Cheng K, Goulet MT. 2-Arylindoles as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists: optimization of the tryptamine side chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:827-32. [PMID: 11859012 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-arylindoles containing novel heteroaromatic substituents on the tryptamine tether, based on compound 1, was prepared and evaluated for their ability to act as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists. Successful modifications of 1 included chain length variation (reduction) and replacement of the pyridine with heteroaromatic groups. These alterations culminated in the discovery of compound 27kk which had excellent in vitro potency and oral efficacy in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Young
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, NJ Rahway 07065-0900, USA.
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20
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Ashton WT, Sisco RM, Kieczykowski GR, Yang YT, Yudkovitz JB, Cui J, Mount GR, Ren RN, Wu TJ, Shen X, Lyons KA, Mao AH, Carlin JR, Karanam BV, Vincent SH, Cheng K, Goulet MT. Orally bioavailable, indole-based nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonists with high potency and functional activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2597-602. [PMID: 11551758 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific introduction of a methyl group to the indole-3-side chain enhanced activity in our tryptamine-derived series of GnRH receptor antagonists. Further improvements were achieved by variation of the bicyclic amino moiety of the tertiary amide and by adjustment of the tether length to a pyridine or pyridone terminus. These modifications culminated in analogue 24, which had oral activity in a rat model and acceptable oral bioavailability and half-life in dogs and monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Ashton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, NJ 07065-0900, Rahway, USA
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21
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Simeone JP, Bugianesi RL, Ponpipom MM, Goulet MT, Levorse MS, Desai RC. Synthesis of chiral β-methyl tryptamine-derived GnRH antagonists. Tetrahedron Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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23
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Ashton WT, Sisco RM, Yang YT, Lo JL, Yudkovitz JB, Gibbons PH, Mount GR, Ren RN, Butler BS, Cheng K, Goulet MT. Potent nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonists derived from substituted indole-5-carboxamides and -acetamides bearing a pyridine side-chain terminus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1727-31. [PMID: 11425547 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A pyridine side-chain terminus has been incorporated into the indole-5-carboxamide and indole-5-acetamide series of GnRH antagonists. Potent activity was observed in binding and functional assays. Certain branched or cyclic tertiary amides were identified as preferred in each series. Alkylation of the side-chain secondary amine had generally unfavorable effects. Variations of the gem-dialkyl substituents in the indole-5-acetamide series were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Ashton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, 07065-0900, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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24
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Ashton WT, Sisco RM, Yang YT, Lo JL, Yudkovitz JB, Cheng K, Goulet MT. Substituted indole-5-carboxamides and -acetamides as potent nonpeptide GnRH receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1723-6. [PMID: 11425546 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 2-aryltryptamine class of GnRH receptor antagonists has been modified to incorporate carboxamide and acetamide substituents at the indole 5-position. With either a phenol or methanesulfonamide terminus on the N-aralkyl side chain, potent binding affinity to the GnRH receptor was achieved. A functional assay for GnRH antagonism was even more sensitive to structural modification and revealed a strong preference for branched tertiary amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Ashton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, 07065-0900, Rahway, NJ, USA.
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25
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Walsh TF, Toupence RB, Ujjainwalla F, Young JR, Goulet MT. A convergent synthesis of ( S )-β-methyl-2-aryltryptamine based gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Lin P, Marino D, Lo JL, Yang YT, Cheng K, Smith RG, Fisher MH, Wyvratt MJ, Goulet MT. 2-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)tryptamine derivatives that bind to the GnRH receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1073-6. [PMID: 11327593 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)tryptamine derivatives was prepared and evaluated on a rat gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor assay. Some para-substituents on the 4-phenylbutyl side chain attached to the tryptamine nitrogen led to compounds with potent GnRH receptor binding. The study has helped define structural requirements for GnRH receptor binding for the 2-aryltryptamine GnRH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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27
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Lin P, Parikh M, Lo JL, Yang YT, Cheng K, Smith RG, Fisher MH, Wyvratt MJ, Goulet MT. Heterocyclic derivatives of 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)tryptamine as GnRH receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1077-80. [PMID: 11327594 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterocyclic 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)tryptamine derivatives was prepared and evaluated on a rat gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor assay. The carbon tether length and heterocyclic ring attached to the amino group of 2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)tryptamine were varied. Several of these derivatives were potent GnRH antagonists with the most potent compound having an IC50 of 16 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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