Synthesis and In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of long-chain 2-amino-alcohols

Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators Reduce Pro-nociceptive Inflammatory Mediator Production in Models of Localized Provoked Vulvodynia

Localized provoked vulvodynia (LPV) is the most common cause of chronic dyspareunia in premenopausal women, characterized by pain with light touch to the vulvar vestibule surrounding the vaginal opening. The devastating impact of LPV includes sexual dysfunction, infertility, depression, and even suicide. Yet, its etiology is unclear. No effective medical therapy exists; surgical removal of the painful vestibule is the last resort. In LPV, the vestibule expresses a unique inflammatory profile with elevated levels of pro-nociceptive proinflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are linked to lower mechanical sensitivity thresholds. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lipids produced endogenously within the body, hold promise as an LPV treatment by resolving inflammation without impairing host defense. Ten of 13 commercially available SPMs reduced IL-6 and PGE2 production by vulvar fibroblasts, administered either before or after inflammatory stimulation. Using a murine vulvar pain model, coupling proinflammatory mediator quantification with mechanical sensitivity threshold determination, topical treatment with the SPM, maresin 1, decreased sensitivity and suppressed PGE2 levels. Docosahexaenoic acid, a precursor of maresin 1, was also effective in reducing PGE2 in vulvar fibroblasts and rapidly restored mouse sensitivity thresholds. Overall, SPMs and their precursors may be a safe and efficacious for LPV. Perspective: Vulvodynia, like many pain conditions, is difficult to treat because disease origins are incompletely understood. Here, we applied our knowledge of more recently discovered vulvodynia disease mechanisms to screen novel therapeutics. We identified several specialized pro-resolving mediators as likely potent and safe for treating LPV with potential for broader application.

Schiff's bases of quinazolinone derivatives: Synthesis and SAR studies of a novel series of potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidants

A series of quinazolinone derived Schiff base derivatives 7-28 were synthesized and characterized as novel antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. The in vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated and compared with commercial antioxidants ascorbic acid (AA), gallic acid (GA), butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sufonic acid) (ABTS) assay and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD) assay. The results revealed that IC50 of 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27 and 28 were lower than the IC50 of standards in all the three performed antioxidant assays indicating good activities of these compounds. In addition, in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds were evaluated and the results demonstrate that the compounds 9-12 exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory activity. Preliminary structure-activity relationship revealed that the compounds 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27 and 28 with electron donating moiety (OH, OCH3) were found to be excellent antioxidants and compounds 9, 10, 11 and 12 with electron withdrawing moiety (Cl, NO2) were found to be excellent anti-inflammatory agents.

A novel monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity

A variety of long chain 1,2-diamines and related compounds were synthesized and tested for their activity on fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacyglycerol lipase (MGL). (2S,9Z)-Octadec-9-ene-1,2-diamine selectively inhibits MGL (K(i) 21.8 microM) without significantly affecting FAAH. This compound exhibited interesting in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting that selective inhibitors of MGL may be valuable novel agents for the treatment of inflammatory pain.

Phase transitions in crystals of racemic long chain 2-amino alcohols

Various techniques, namely differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, dielectric and Raman spectroscopy, all covering a wide range of temperatures, were used to study the thermodynamically stable phases and molecular mobility of crystals of long chain 2-amino alcohols. The results showed that two different crystal forms are present in each sample. The temperature behaviour of the phases is studied in details.