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Yang J, Li Y, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Zheng Z, Chen X, Liu W. Versatile Aerogels for Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902826. [PMID: 31475442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels are unique solid-state materials composed of interconnected 3D solid networks and a large number of air-filled pores. They extend the structural characteristics as well as physicochemical properties of nanoscale building blocks to macroscale, and integrate typical characteristics of aerogels, such as high porosity, large surface area, and low density, with specific properties of the various constituents. These features endow aerogels with high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast response and recovery for sensing materials in sensors such as gas sensors, biosensors and strain and pressure sensors, among others. Considerable research efforts in recent years have been devoted to the development of aerogel-based sensors and encouraging accomplishments have been achieved. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the preparation, classification, and physicochemical properties of aerogels and their sensing applications are presented. Moreover, the current challenges and some perspectives for the development of high-performance aerogel-based sensors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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Long LY, Weng YX, Wang YZ. Cellulose Aerogels: Synthesis, Applications, and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E623. [PMID: 30966656 PMCID: PMC6403747 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its excellent performance, aerogel is considered to be an especially promising new material. Cellulose is a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer. Aerogel prepared using cellulose has the renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of cellulose, while also having other advantages, such as low density, high porosity, and a large specific surface area. Thus, it can be applied for many purposes in the areas of adsorption and oil/water separation, thermal insulation, and biomedical applications, as well as many other fields. There are three types of cellulose aerogels: natural cellulose aerogels (nanocellulose aerogels and bacterial cellulose aerogels), regenerated cellulose aerogels, and aerogels made from cellulose derivatives. In this paper, more than 200 articles were reviewed to summarize the properties of these three types of cellulose aerogels, as well as the technologies used in their preparation, such as the sol⁻gel process and gel drying. In addition, the applications of different types of cellulose aerogels were also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yu Long
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology& Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yun-Xuan Weng
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology& Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Prusakova V, Collini C, Nardi M, Tatti R, Lunelli L, Vanzetti L, Lorenzelli L, Baldi G, Chiappini A, Chiasera A, Ristic D, Verucchi R, Bortolotti M, Dirè S. The development of sol–gel derived TiO2 thin films and corresponding memristor architectures. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25618j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical response of Pt/TiO2/Pt with an atmosphere-controlled structure of a switching layer depends on electroforming parameters and architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Nardi
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Trento
- 38123 Trento
- Italy
- CNR-IMEM
| | | | | | | | | | - Giacomo Baldi
- Department of Physics
- University of Trento
- 38123 Trento
- Italy
| | | | | | - Davor Ristic
- Division of Materials Physics
- Laboratory for Molecular Physics
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- Zagreb
- Croatia
| | | | - Mauro Bortolotti
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Trento
- 38123 Trento
- Italy
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Trento
- 38123 Trento
- Italy
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Rechberger F, Niederberger M. Synthesis of aerogels: from molecular routes to 3-dimensional nanoparticle assembly. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2017; 2:6-30. [PMID: 32260673 DOI: 10.1039/c6nh00077k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals are extensively used as building blocks in nanoscience, and amazing results have been achieved in assembling them into ordered, close-packed structures. But in spite of great efforts, the size of these structures is typically restricted to a few micrometers, and it is very hard to extend them into the macroscopic world. In comparison, aerogels are macroscopic materials, highly porous, disordered, ultralight and with immense surface areas. With these distinctive characteristics, they are entirely contrary to common nanoparticle assemblies such as superlattices or nanocrystal solids, and therefore cover a different range of applications. While aerogels are traditionally synthesized by molecular routes based on aqueous sol-gel chemistry, in the last few years the gelation of nanoparticle dispersions became a viable alternative to improve the crystallinity and to widen the structural, morphological and compositional complexity of aerogels. In this Review, the different approaches to inorganic non-siliceous and non-carbon aerogels are addressed. We start our discussion with wet chemical routes involving molecular precursors, followed by processing methods using nanoparticles as building blocks. A unique feature of many of these routes is the fact that a macroscopic, often monolithic body is produced by pure self-assembly of nanosized colloids without the need for any templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rechberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dumoulin M, Hamd W, Thune E, Rochas C, Guinebretiere R. In situ time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering observation of the fractal aggregation process in tin alkoxide polymeric solution. J Appl Crystallogr 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576716000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SnO2 transparent gels have been synthesized from alkoxide precursor in toluene-2-propanol solvents. The chemical reactivity of transition metal alkoxides must be controlled in order to obtain sols and gels. In tin alkoxide based systems, this control can be achieved through complexation by a chelating agent such as acetylacetone. The gelation of the sols has been studied by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble on the BM02 beamline. After the addition of water, primary particles are created and stick progressively together to form fractal aggregates. The primary particles are continually created during the aggregation process, which causes an evolution of the fractal dimension of the aggregate during gelation. This evolution is similar whatever the chemical composition is, meaning that the aggregation is ruled by one process which has been identified as reaction-limited cluster aggregation. Nevertheless, the final size of the aggregates is dependent on the chemical composition of the sols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Samuel S. Mao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Chen X, Mao SS. Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2891-959. [PMID: 17590053 DOI: 10.1021/cr0500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4391] [Impact Index Per Article: 258.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Sugimoto T, Zhou X, Muramatsu A. Synthesis of uniform anatase TiO2 nanoparticles by gel-sol method. 3. Formation process and size control. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 259:43-52. [PMID: 12651132 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Uniform anatase-type TiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared by the gel-sol process from a condensed Ti(OH)(4) gel preformed by the hydrolysis of a Ti-triethanolamine (TEOA) complex. The particle size of the anatase TiO(2) was increased from ca. 5 to 30 nm with pH increasing from 0.6 to 12 by aging the Ti(OH)(4) gel at 140 degrees C for 72 h, while the yield of the anatase TiO(2), 100% below pH 9.6, started to decrease from pH 10, to 67% at pH 11.5 and only 9% at pH 12.2. These results reveal a significant reduction of the nucleation rate of the anatase TiO(2) with increasing pH, as is explained by the reduction of the concentration of a precursor complex, Ti(OH)(3)(+), and the adsorption of hydroxide ion onto the embryos of TiO(2). Triethanolamine appeared to enhance the pH effect on the nucleation rate of anatase TiO(2) particles by adsorption onto their embryos, leading to the wide range of the size control. Triethanolamine was also found to act as a shape controller of the anatase TiO(2) particles for yielding ellipsoidal particles from Ti(OH)(4) gel at a relatively high pH above 11. The particle size was also controlled by seeding of anatase TiO(2). Moreover, the seeding experiment suggested that the rate-determining step of the gel-sol process was not the dissolution of the hydroxide gel, but the deposition of the monomeric precursor from the solution phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Sugimoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Preparation of high surface area TiO2 (anatase) by thermal hydrolysis of titanyl sulphate solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1466-6049(01)00171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Comprehensive Structural Characterization Of MCM-41: From Mesopores To Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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