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Jesus EGD, Souza FFD, Andrade JV, Andrade E Silva ML, Cunha WR, Ramos RC, Campos OS, Santos JAN, Santos MFC. In silico and in vitro elastase inhibition assessment assays of rosmarinic acid natural product from Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:879-884. [PMID: 37004998 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2196077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of various herbs and their compounds has been a strategy widely used in the fight against various human diseases. For example, rosmarinic acid, a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in Rosemary plants (Rosmarinus officinalis Labiatae), has multiple therapeutic benefits in different diseases, such as cancer. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate in silico and in vitro the inhibition potential of the enzyme Elastase from the porcine pancreas by rosmarinic acid isolated from the plant species R. officinalis Linn. Through Molecular Docking, the mechanism of action was investigated. In addition, rosmarinic acid presented a range of 5-60 µg/mL and significantly inhibited Elastase. At 60 µg/mL, there was an inhibition of 55% on the enzymatic activity. The results demonstrate the inhibition of Elastase by rosmarinic acid, which can lead to the development of new enzyme inhibitors that can be an inspiration for developing various drugs, including anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gonçalves de Jesus
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes de Souza
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Victor Andrade
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Wilson R Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Rafael Corrêa Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Othon Souto Campos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alexandre Nogueira Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario F C Santos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
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Singh V, Singh N, Pradhan A, Kumar Y, Bhatnagar S. Structure-activity relationships of dihydropyrimidone inhibitors against native and auto-processed human neutrophil elastase. Comput Biol Med 2023; 161:107004. [PMID: 37230015 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a key driver of systemic and cardiopulmonary inflammation. Recent studies have established the existence of a pathologically active auto-processed form of HNE with reduced binding affinity against small molecule inhibitors. METHOD AutoDock Vina v1.2.0 and Cresset Forge v10 software were used to develop a 3D-QSAR model for a series of 47 DHPI inhibitors. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out using AMBER v18 to study the structure and dynamics of sc (single-chain HNE) and tcHNE (two-chain HNE). MMPBSA binding free energies of the previously reported clinical candidate BAY 85-8501 and the highly active BAY-8040 were calculated with sc and tcHNE. RESULTS The DHPI inhibitors occupy the S1 and S2 subsites of scHNE. The robust 3D-QSAR model showed acceptable predictive and descriptive capability with regression coefficient of r2 = 0.995 and cross-validation regression coefficient q2 = 0.579 for the training set. The key descriptors of shape, hydrophobics and electrostatics were mapped to the inhibitory activity. In auto-processed tcHNE, the S1 subsite undergoes widening and disruption. All the DHPI inhibitors docked with the broadened S1'-S2' subsites of tcHNE with lower AutoDock binding affinities. The MMPBSA binding free energy of BAY-8040 with tcHNE reduced in comparison with scHNE while the clinical candidate BAY 85-8501 dissociated during MD. Thus, BAY-8040 may have lower inhibitory activity against tcHNE whereas the clinical candidate BAY 85-8501 is likely to be inactive. CONCLUSION SAR insights gained from this study will aid the future development of inhibitors active against both forms of HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Singh
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Nirupma Singh
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Amartya Pradhan
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Yatender Kumar
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India; Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India.
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Optimization of peptide-based inhibitors targeting the HtrA serine protease in Chlamydia: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyridone-based and N-Capping group-modified analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113692. [PMID: 34265463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is responsible for the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection and is the leading cause of preventable blindness, representing a major global health burden. While C. trachomatis infection is currently treatable with broad-spectrum antibiotics, there would be many benefits of a chlamydia-specific therapy. Previously, we have identified a small-molecule lead compound JO146 [Boc-Val-Pro-ValP(OPh)2] targeting the bacterial serine protease HtrA, which is essential in bacterial replication, virulence and survival, particularly under stress conditions. JO146 is highly efficacious in attenuating infectivity of both human (C. trachomatis) as well as koala (C. pecorum) species in vitro and in vivo, without host cell toxicity. Herein, we present our continuing efforts on optimizing JO146 by modifying the N-capping group as well as replacing the parent peptide structure with the 2-pyridone scaffold at P3/P2. The drug optimization process was guided by molecular modelling, enzyme and cell-based assays. Compound 18b from the pyridone series showed improved inhibitory activity against CtHtrA by 5-fold and selectivity over human neutrophil elastase (HNE) by 109-fold compared to JO146, indicating that 2-pyridone is a suitable bioisostere of the P3/P2 amide/proline for developing CtHtrA inhibitors. Most pyridone-based inhibitors showed superior anti-chlamydial potency to JO146 especially at lower doses (25 and 50 μM) in C. trachomatis and C. pecorum cell culture assays. Modifications of the N-capping group of the peptidyl inhibitors did not have much influence on the anti-chlamydial activities, providing opportunities for more versatile alterations and future optimization. In summary, we present 2-pyridone based analogues as a new generation of non-peptidic CtHtrA inhibitors, which hold better promise as anti-chlamydial drug candidates.
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Erdemli ME, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Durdagi S, Akgul H, Demirkol M, Aksungur Z, Selamoglu Z. Biochemical changes induced by grape seed extract and low level laser therapy administration during intraoral wound healing in rat liver: an experimental and in silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:993-1008. [PMID: 28279122 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1305297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the changes that occur in rat liver tissue as a result of the use of grape seed extract (GSE) and low level laser therapy (LLLT) in intraoral wound (IW) healing are analyzed using biochemical parameters. Diode laser application groups received 8 J/cm2 dose LLLT once a day for 4 days (810 nm wavelength, continuous mode, 0.25 W, 9 s). As a result of the biological parameter analysis, it was determined that the oxidative damage caused by the IWs and recovery period on 7th and 14th days could be substantially removed with GSE applications that have antioxidant capacity especially in rat liver tissue. In addition, the active compound of grape seed, catechin is studied in the active site of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) target using molecular modeling approaches. Post-processing molecular dynamics (MD) results for catechin is compared with a standard GSK3 inhibitor. MD simulations assisted for better understanding of inhibition mechanism and the crucial amino acids contributing in the ligand binding. These results along with a through free energy analysis of ligands using sophisticated simulations methods are quite striking and it suggests a greater future role for simulation in deciphering complex patterns of molecular mechanism in combination with methods for understanding drug-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde , Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- b Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- b Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics , School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hasan Akgul
- c Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology , Akdeniz University , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirkol
- d Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Gaziantep University , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aksungur
- e Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry , Inonu University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- f Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biotechnology , Omer Halisdemir University , Nigde , Turkey
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von Nussbaum F, Li VM, Meibom D, Anlauf S, Bechem M, Delbeck M, Gerisch M, Harrenga A, Karthaus D, Lang D, Lustig K, Mittendorf J, Schäfer M, Schäfer S, Schamberger J. Potent and Selective Human Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitors with Novel Equatorial Ring Topology: in vivo Efficacy of the Polar Pyrimidopyridazine BAY-8040 in a Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:199-206. [PMID: 26333652 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a key driver of inflammation in many cardiopulmonary and systemic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Overshooting high HNE activity is the consequence of a disrupted protease-antiprotease balance. Accordingly, there has been an intensive search for potent and selective HNE inhibitors with suitable pharmacokinetics that would allowing oral administration in patients. Based on the chemical probe BAY-678 and the clinical candidate BAY 85-8501 we explored further ring topologies along the equator of the parent pyrimidinone lead series. Novel ring systems were annulated in the east, yielding imidazolo-, triazolo-, and tetrazolopyrimidines in order to ensure additional inhibitor-HNE contacts beyond the S1 and the S2 pocket of HNE. The western annulation of pyridazines led to the polar pyrimidopyridazine BAY-8040, which combines excellent potency and selectivity with a promising pharmacokinetic profile. In vivo efficacy with regard to decreasing cardiac remodeling and amelioration of cardiac function was shown in a monocrotaline-induced rat model for pulmonary arterial hypertension. This demonstrated in vivo proof of concept in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz von Nussbaum
- Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Bayer HealthCare AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Volkhart M Li
- Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Daniel Meibom
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Sonja Anlauf
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Bechem
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martina Delbeck
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Gerisch
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Axel Harrenga
- Lead Discovery, Structural Biology Berlin, Bayer HealthCare AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Karthaus
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Dieter Lang
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Klemens Lustig
- DMPK Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Joachim Mittendorf
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martina Schäfer
- Lead Discovery, Structural Biology Berlin, Bayer HealthCare AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schäfer
- Department of Cardiology Research Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jens Schamberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Wuppertal, Bayer HealthCare AG, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany
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von Nussbaum F, Li VMJ. Neutrophil elastase inhibitors for the treatment of (cardio)pulmonary diseases: Into clinical testing with pre-adaptive pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4370-81. [PMID: 26358162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is linked with an increased risk of suffering from lung emphysema. This discovery from the 1960s led to the development of the protease-antiprotease (im)balance hypothesis: Overshooting protease concentrations, especially high levels of elastase were deemed to have an destructive effect on lung tissue. Consequently, it was postulated that efficient elastase inhibitors could alleviate the situation in patients. However, despite intensive drug discovery efforts, even five decades later, no neutrophil elastase inhibitors are available for a disease-modifying treatment of (cardio)pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we critically review the attempts to develop effective human neutrophil elastase inhibitors while strongly focussing on recent developments. On purpose and with perspective distortion we focus on recent developments. One aim of this review is to classify the known HNE inhibitors into several generations, according to their binding modes. In general, there seem to be three major challenges in the development of suitable elastase inhibitors: (1) assuring sufficient potency, (2) securing selectivity, and (3) achieving metabolic stability especially under pathophysiological conditions. Impressive achievements have been made since 2001 with the identification of potent nonreactive, reversible small molecule inhibitors. The most modern inhibitors bind HNE via an induced fit with a frozen bioactive conformation that leads to a significant boost in potency, selectivity, and stability ('pre-adaptive pharmacophores'). These 5th generation inhibitors might succeed in re-establishing the protease-antiprotease balance in patients for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volkhart M-J Li
- Bayer HealthCare AG, Lead Discovery Wuppertal, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Neutrophil elastase inhibitors: recent advances in the development of mechanism-based and nonelectrophilic inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:651-60. [PMID: 22458683 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its implication in pathologies of prevalent diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, bronchiectasis and ARDS, the serine protease, human neutrophil elastase, has been in focus for drug-development efforts over the last two decades. In recent years, continued efforts to identify and optimize novel mechanism-based inhibitors have led to a number of new inhibitors being reported. These compounds show promising potency and selectivity profiles, although their use is still limited by their inherent stability. Recently, two novel classes of potent and selective, synthetic, nonelectrophilic human neutrophil elastase inhibitors that display improved stability and overall drug-like properties have been reported. The most advanced compound from these classes, AZD9668, has been reported to show significant effects on relevant biomarkers in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis patient populations.
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Takahashi D, Izawa K, Honda Y. Syntheses of 5-Amino-2-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone Derivatives Starting with Glycine. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Takahashi D, Izawa K, Kashiwagi T, Onoye H, M. Williams R. An Improved Synthesis of 5-Acylamino-6-oxo-2-phenyl-1(6H)-pyrimidineacetic Acid from Glycine with Readily Removable Protecting Groups. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Loughlin WA, Tyndall JDA, Glenn MP, Hill TA, Fairlie DP. Update 1 of: Beta-Strand Mimetics. Chem Rev 2011; 110:PR32-69. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900395y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A. Loughlin
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Joel D. A. Tyndall
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Matthew P. Glenn
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - Timothy A. Hill
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
| | - David P. Fairlie
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia, and Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia This is a Chemical Reviews Perennial Review. The root paper of this title was published in Chem. Rev. 2004, 104 (12), 6085−6117, DOI: 10.1021/cr040648k; Published (Web) Nov. 4, 2004. Updates to the text appear in red type
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Mete A, Andrews G, Bernstein M, Connolly S, Hartopp P, Jackson CG, Lewis R, Martin I, Murray D, Riley R, Robinson DH, Smith GM, Wells E, Withnall WJ. Design of novel and potent cPLA2α inhibitors containing an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole as a metabolically stable serine trap. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3128-33. [PMID: 21450464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the design of novel, potent cPLA(2)α inhibitors that possess an α-methyl-2-ketothiazole that acts as a serine-reactive moiety. We describe the optimization of the series for potency and metabolic stability towards ketone reduction. This was achieved by attenuating the reactivity of the ketone using a combination of electronic and steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mete
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Bakewell Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 5RH, United Kingdom.
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. N-Benzoylpyrazoles Are Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4928-38. [PMID: 17850059 DOI: 10.1021/jm070600+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Using high-throughput chemolibrary screening, we identified 10 N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives that were potent NE inhibitors. Nine additional NE inhibitors were identified through further screening of N-benzoylpyrazole analogues. Evaluation of inhibitory activity against a range of proteases showed high specificity for NE, although several derivatives were also potent inhibitors of chymotrypsin. Analysis of reaction kinetics and inhibitor stability revealed that N-benzoylpyrazoles were pseudoirreversible competitive inhibitors of NE. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis demonstrated that modification of N-benzoylpyrazole ring substituents modulated enzyme selectivity and potency. Furthermore, molecular modeling of the binding of selected active and inactive compounds to the NE active site revealed that active compounds fit well into the catalytic site, whereas inactive derivatives contained substituents or conformations that hindered binding or accessibility to the catalytic residues. Thus, N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives represent novel structural templates that can be utilized for further development of efficacious NE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
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Fook JMSLL, Macedo LLP, Moura GEDD, Teixeira FM, Oliveira AS, Queiroz AFS, Sales MP. A serine proteinase inhibitor isolated from Tamarindus indica seeds and its effects on the release of human neutrophil elastase. Life Sci 2005; 76:2881-91. [PMID: 15820500 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous inhibitors with high inhibitory activities against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were found in seeds of the Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica). A serine proteinase inhibitor denoted PG50 was purified using ammonium sulphate and acetone precipitation followed by Sephacryl S-300 and Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatographies. Inhibitor PG50 showed a Mr of 14.9 K on Sephadex G-50 calibrated column and a Mr of 11.6 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PG50 had selective activity while cysteine proteinases (papain and bromelain) and serine proteinases (porcine pancreatic elastase and bovine chymotrypsin) were not inhibited, it was strongly effective against serine proteinases such as bovine trypsin and isolated human neutrophil elastase. The IC50 value was determined to be 55.96 microg.mL-1. PG50 showed neither cytotoxic nor haemolytic activity on human blood cells. After pre-incubation of PG50 with cytochalasin B, the exocytosis of elastase was initiated using PAF and fMLP. PG50 exhibited different inhibition on elastase release by PAF, at 44.6% and on release by fMLP, at 28.4%. These results showed that PG50 preferentially affected elastase release by PAF stimuli and this may indicate selective inhibition on PAF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S L L Fook
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brasil
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Loughlin
- School of Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Hamzé A, Hernandez JF, Fulcrand P, Martinez J. Synthesis of various 3-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing chiral beta 3- and alpha-amino acids from Fmoc-protected aspartic acid. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7316-21. [PMID: 12968881 DOI: 10.1021/jo0345953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various 3-substituted chiral 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing Fmoc-beta(3)- and -alpha-amino acids were synthesized from Fmoc-(l or d)-Asp(OtBu)-OH and Fmoc-l-Asp-OtBu, respectively, in three steps (i.e., condensation of an aspartyl derivative with differentially substituted amidoximes, formation of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole, and cleavage of the tert-butyl ester). These compounds represent new series of nonnatural amino acids, which could be used in combinatorial synthesis. A simple protocol has been developed to generate the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. Indeed, common methods resulted in cleavage of the Fmoc group or required long reaction times. We found that sodium acetate in refluxing ethanol/water (86 degrees C) was a convenient and efficient catalyst to promote conversion of Fmoc-amino acyl amidoximes to 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, and this procedure proved to be compatible with Fmoc protection. It is shown that these compounds can be prepared without significant loss of enantiomerical purity. Furthermore, the alkaline conditions used to cleave the Fmoc protecting group from these compounds did not induce epimerization of their chiral center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Hamzé
- Laboratoire des Aminoacides Peptides et Protéines, CNRS UMR 5810, Universités Montpellier I et II, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier cédex 5, France
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Nakayama Y, Odagaki Y, Fujita S, Matsuoka S, Hamanaka N, Nakai H, Toda M. Clarification of mechanism of human sputum elastase inhibition by a new inhibitor, ONO-5046, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2349-53. [PMID: 12161131 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) to probe the nature of the covalent E-I complex was successfully applied to clarify the mechanism of human sputum elastase (HSE) inhibition by a new inhibitor, ONO-5046. The mass spectrum of the four HSE isozymes displayed their molecular ion peaks at m/z=26,018, 25,929, 25,200, and 25,054, respectively. Immediately after incubation, inactivation of HSE with ONO-5046 increased the four molecular ion peaks by approximately 84 amu, which was assigned to the mass unit of the pivaloyl moiety of ONO-5046. An additional minute of incubation of E-I complex restored the original molecular ion peaks. These observations strongly suggested that ONO-5046 inactivates HSE by a reversible 'acylation-deacylation' mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshisuke Nakayama
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Minase Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka, Japan
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Gérard S, Dive G, Clamot B, Touillaux R, Marchand-Brynaert J. Synthesis, hydrolysis, biochemical and theoretical evaluation of 1,4-bis(alkoxycarbonyl)azetidin-2-ones as potential elastase inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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