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Lee A, Lebedyeva I, Zhi W, Senthil V, Cheema H, Brands MW, Bush W, Lambert NA, Snipes M, Browning DD. A Non-Systemic Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Suppresses Colon Proliferation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119397. [PMID: 37298349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are under investigation for repurposing for colon cancer prevention. A drawback to conventional PDE5i are their side-effects and drug-drug interactions. We designed an analog of the prototypical PDE5i sildenafil by replacing the methyl group on the piperazine ring with malonic acid to reduce lipophilicity, and measured its entry into the circulation and effects on colon epithelium. This modification did not affect pharmacology as malonyl-sildenafil had a similar IC50 to sildenafil but exhibited an almost 20-fold reduced EC50 for increasing cellular cGMP. Using an LC-MS/MS approach, malonyl-sildenafil was negligible in mouse plasma after oral administration but was detected at high levels in the feces. No bioactive metabolites of malonyl-sildenafil were detected in the circulation by measuring interactions with isosorbide mononitrate. The treatment of mice with malonyl-sildenafil in the drinking water resulted in a suppression of proliferation in the colon epithelium that is consistent with results previously published for mice treated with PDE5i. A carboxylic-acid-containing analog of sildenafil prohibits the systemic delivery of the compound but maintains sufficient penetration into the colon epithelium to suppress proliferation. This highlights a novel approach to generating a first-in-class drug for colon cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelina Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Iryna Lebedyeva
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vani Senthil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Herjot Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michael W Brands
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Weston Bush
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Madeline Snipes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Darren D Browning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Ulla, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S. Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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A Facile, Improved Synthesis of Sildenafil and Its Analogues. Sci Pharm 2015; 84:447-455. [PMID: 28117311 PMCID: PMC5064236 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm84030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the facile synthesis of sildenafil citrate (1) and its related compounds through an improved chlorosulfonation reaction using chlorosulfonic acid and thionyl chloride. This synthesis results in pure sildenafil with high yield. The structures of the compounds were determined with infrared (IR), 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods, and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis.
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4
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Olszewska T, Gajewska EP, Milewska MJ. Alternative method for the synthesis of imidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one—a substrate for the preparation of phosphodiesterase (5) inhibitors. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Qandil AM. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis of Novel 1H-Benzo[d]imidazoles Phenyl Sulfonylpiperazines. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:460-8. [PMID: 24281557 PMCID: PMC3763652 DOI: 10.3390/ph5050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of benzimidazole analogs of sildenafil, 3-benzimidazolyl-4-methoxy-phenylsulfonylpiperazines 2–4 and 3-benzimidazolyl-4-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl- benzenesulfonamide (5), were efficiently synthesized. Compounds 2–5 were characterized by NMR and MS and contrary to the reported mass spectra of sildenafil, the spectra of the piperazine-containing compounds 2–4 showed a novel fragmentation pattern leading to an m/z = 316. A mechanism for the formation of this fragment was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad M Qandil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Effect of novel synthetic evodiamine analogue on sexual behavior in male rats. J Chem Biol 2011; 5:35-42. [PMID: 23049645 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-011-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently phosphodiestrase5 (PDE5) inhibitors are the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction. Drugs such as sildenafil and tadalafil are available as PDE5 inhibitors which are potent and reversible but lack selectivity with side effects such as headache, facial flushing, dyspepsia, and visual disturbances. We herein report for the first time novel condensed thienopyrimidines as evodiamine analogue and their effect on sexual behavior in male rats hitherto unreported. Novel synthetic evodiamine significantly showed improvement in male rat copulatory behavior. The test compound MKAC9 could be of promising importance in the treatment of sexual disorders like desire disorder or erectile dysfunction.FigureEvodiamine analogue on sexual behavior in male rats.
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Yoo J, Thai KM, Kim DK, Lee JY, Park HJ. 3D-QSAR studies on sildenafil analogues, selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4271-4. [PMID: 17553682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sildenafil, one of selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, is a widely used oral agent for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. To develop new PDE5 inhibitors with improved therapeutic efficacy, a series of sildenafil analogues have been prepared and their in vitro PDE5 inhibitory activities were evaluated. Their IC(50) values ranged from 423 to 0.05 nM. Herein, the results of 3D-QSAR (CoMFA and CoMSIA) analyses on these inhibitors are reported. Both CoMFA and CoMSIA gave reliable models with q(2) values >0.75 and r(2) values >0.99. The resulting CoMFA and CoMSIA models reveal a good correlation between the contour maps and the active site residues critical for the interaction with inhibitor, and nicely predict the key structural features of new analogues with improved activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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Tian GH, Xia GX, Jin WX, Chen XJ, Lai SA, Wei YB, Ji RY, Shen JS. Synthesis and Evaluation of PDE5 Inhibitory Activity of Novel Pyrido[2′,1′:5,1]pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Martins MAP, Emmerich D, Beck P, Cunico W, Pereira CMP, Sinhorin AP, Brondani S, Peres R, Teixeira MVM, Bonacorso HG, Zanatta N. One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazole‐5(3)‐carboxyamides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120034176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. P. Martins
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Emmerich
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Beck
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Wilson Cunico
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio M. P. Pereira
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adilson P. Sinhorin
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sergio Brondani
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Peres
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. M. Teixeira
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Helio G. Bonacorso
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- a Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97.105‐900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Heinrich T, Böttcher H, Prücher H, Gottschlich R, Ackermann KA, van Amsterdam C. 1-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1-phenylethanols as Potent and Highly Selective 5-HT2A Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:245-55. [PMID: 16892357 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200500023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a novel class of highly potent and selective 5-HT2A antagonists is reported herein. Selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor was optimized, decreasing the affinity of these antagonists toward the adrenergic alpha1 and dopaminergic D2 receptors, and especially to the 5-HT2C receptor. A series of corresponding 7-substituted indoles is described for the first time as serotonergic ligands. The enantiomer R-(+)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-{1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl} ethanol (R-(+)-74) was identified to have superior affinity for the serotonergic 5-HT2A receptor [IC50=0.37 nM] and selectivity toward the dopaminergic D2- [IC50=2300 nM], adrenergic alpha1- [IC50=1000 nM] and 5-HT2C receptors [IC50=490 nM].
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heinrich
- Merck KGaA, Preclinical Pharmaceutical Research, Frankfurter Strasse 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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11
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Pissarnitski D. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitors for the treatment of male erectile disorder: Attaining selectivity versus PDE6. Med Res Rev 2006; 26:369-95. [PMID: 16388517 DOI: 10.1002/med.20053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) in the mechanism of male erection has been well understood, and several drugs inhibiting this enzyme are being used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Discovery of inhibitors with improved selectivity versus other PDE isozymes could lead to drugs with improved safety profile. Achievement of selectivity versus PDE6, co-inhibition of which results in disturbances of color perception, remains the most challenging aspect of current drug discovery programs. The present review describes several case studies, where significant (>100 fold) selectivity versus PDE6 has been attained via investigation of structure-activity relationships (SAR). Special attention is given to the chemical routes leading to novel chemotypes and allowing efficient exploration of their SAR's. Strategies for attaining inhibitor selectivity discussed below may be applicable for other drug discovery programs.
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12
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Haning H, Niewöhner U, Bischoff E. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2003; 41:249-306. [PMID: 12774696 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(02)41007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Haning
- BAYER AG Pharmaceutical Business Group, Medicinal Chemistry, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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13
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El-Thaher TS, Khatib S, Saleem M, Shnoudeh A, Badwan AA. A novel compound JPM8: in vivo penile activity promotion in rats, effect on the relaxation and cGMP/cAMP accumulation in isolated rabbit corpora cavernosa. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14:453-61. [PMID: 12494277 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3900908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2002] [Revised: 04/04/2002] [Accepted: 05/06/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
JPM8 is a novel sildenafil-like PDE5 inhibitor. Its efficacy was tested in vivo by the oral administration of drugs to a rat model and recording penile activity changes. Effect on the relaxation of the rabbit cavernosa was tested in vitro using an organ bath were drugs are added to the tissue media and relaxation was recorded using a transducer connected to a chart recorder. The accumulation of cGMP and cAMP was measured by incubation of cavernosa strips and then extracting the produced cGMP and cAMP in the incubation mixture, then quantitating it using ELISA. JPM8 showed increased and promoted sexual and penile activity in rats in a similar but slightly higher trend than the positive control sildenafil. JPM8 was more efficient in relaxing the rabbit corpora cavernosa than sildenafil. The cGMP and cAMP accumulation showed a similar trend for both drugs. We concluded that JPM8 was very effective in promoting sexual activity in rats, relaxing the corpora cavernosa and promoting cGMP accumulation in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S El-Thaher
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Ltd, Naor Jordan
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14
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Rotella DP. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: current status and potential applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002; 1:674-82. [PMID: 12209148 DOI: 10.1038/nrd893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes convert cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP to the corresponding nucleotide monophosphates. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition is now a widely accepted and efficacious therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men, as a result of extensive clinical experience with sildenafil and other new PDE5 inhibitors. Research in the field continues at a substantial level to identify new, selective PDE5 inhibitors and to investigate their usefulness and activity in other areas. This review summarizes recent clinical trials with PDE5 inhibitors, advances in medicinal chemistry, and other activities and potential applications of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rotella
- Hopewell Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, USA.
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15
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Chapter 6. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(02)37007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Kim DK, Lee JY, Lee N, Ryu DH, Kim JS, Lee S, Choi JY, Ryu JH, Kim NH, Im GJ, Choi WS, Kim TK. Synthesis and phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity of new sildenafil analogues containing a carboxylic acid group in the 5'-sulfonamide moiety of a phenyl ring. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:3013-21. [PMID: 11597484 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New sildenafil analogues possessing a carboxylic acid group in the 5'-sulfonamide of the phenyl ring, 9a-l, were prepared from the readily available starting compounds 6a-b and cyclic amines 3-5 in a three-step sequence. In the enzyme assays, it has been shown that all the target compounds 9a-l proved to be more potent in inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) than sildenafil by 4-38-fold. The effects on the IC(50) values were investigated by varying the alkoxy group (R) of the phenyl ring, the sulfonamide type (X), and the length of the methylene chain linking the carboxylic acid, and the results were discussed in detail. From this study, we have clearly demonstrated that introduction of a carboxylic acid group to the 5'-sulfonamide moiety of the phenyl ring greatly enhanced PDE5 inhibitory activity, probably by mimicking the phosphate group of cGMP. The piperidinyl propionic acid derivative 9i, which showed the highest PDE5 inhibitory activity and comparable to better selectivity over PDE isozymes in comparison with sildenafil, has been selected for more detailed biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- Life Science Research Center, SK Chemicals, 600 Jungja-Dong, Changan-Ku, Suwon-Si, 440-745, Kyungki-Do, South Korea.
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