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Poulie CBM, Alcaide A, Krell-Jørgensen M, Larsen Y, Astier E, Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Yi F, Syrenne JT, Storgaard M, Nielsen B, Frydenvang KA, Jensen AA, Hansen KB, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Design and Synthesis of 2,3- trans-Proline Analogues as Ligands for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2989-3007. [PMID: 31124660 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of pharmacological tools for the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is imperative for the study and understanding of the role and function of these receptors in the central nervous system. We report the synthesis of 18 analogues of (2 S,3 R)-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidine acetic acid (3a), which explores the effect of introducing a substituent on the ε-carbon (3c-q). A new synthetic method was developed for the efficient synthesis of racemic 3a and applied to give expedited access to 13 racemic analogues of 3a. Pharmacological characterization was carried out at native iGluRs, cloned homomeric kainate receptors (GluK1-3), NMDA receptors (GluN1/GluN2A-D), and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-3). From the structure-activity relationship studies, several new ligands emerged, exemplified by triazole 3p-d1, GluK3-preferring (GluK1/GluK3 Ki ratio of 15), and the structurally closely related tetrazole 3q-s3-4 that displayed 4.4-100-fold preference as an antagonist for the GluN1/GluN2A receptor ( Ki = 0.61 μM) over GluN1/GluN2B-D ( Ki = 2.7-62 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anna Alcaide
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Krell-Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Younes Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Eloi Astier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Walden E. Bjørn-Yoshimoto
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jed T. Syrenne
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Morten Storgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Karla A. Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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2
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Floris FM, Filippi C, Amovilli C. A density functional and quantum Monte Carlo study of glutamic acid in vacuo and in a dielectric continuum medium. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:075102. [PMID: 22920143 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We present density functional theory (DFT) and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) calculations of the glutamic acid and glutamate ion in vacuo and in various dielectric continuum media within the polarizable continuum model (PCM). In DFT, we employ the integral equation formalism variant of PCM while, in QMC, we use a PCM scheme we have developed to include both surface and volume polarization. We investigate the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of the glutamic acid using a large set of structural conformations, and find that QMC is in excellent agreement with the best available theoretical and experimental results. For the solvated glutamic acid and glutamate ion, we perform DFT calculations for dielectric constants, ε, between 4 and 78. We find that the glutamate ion in the zwitterionic form is more stable than the non-zwitterionic form over the whole range of dielectric constants, while the glutamic acid is more stable in its non-zwitterionic form at ε = 4. The dielectric constant at which the two glutamic acid species have the same energy depends on the cavity size and lies between 5 and 12.5. We validate these results with QMC for the two limiting values of the dielectric constant, and find qualitative agreement with DFT even though the solvent polarization is less pronounced at the QMC level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Maria Floris
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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3
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Poehlsgaard J, Harpsøe K, Jørgensen FS, Olsen L. A Robust Force Field Based Method for Calculating Conformational Energies of Charged Drug-Like Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:409-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200345f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Poehlsgaard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Harpsøe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Steen Jørgensen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Belokon YN, Maleev VI, Savel’eva TF, Moskalenko MA, Pripadchev DA, Khrustalev VN, Saghiyan AS. Asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically and diastereoisomerically enriched 4-[F or Br]-substituted glutamic acids. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1171-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Bunch L, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Subtype selective kainic acid receptor agonists: Discovery and approaches to rational design. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:3-28. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Bigge CF, Nikam SS. AMPA receptor agonists, antagonists and modulators: their potential for clinical utility. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.7.10.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Turner MS, Hamamoto DT, Hodges JS, Maccecchini ML, Simone DA. SYM 2081, an agonist that desensitizes kainate receptors, attenuates capsaicin and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Brain Res 2003; 973:252-64. [PMID: 12738069 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acids acting at non-NMDA receptors contribute to transmission of nociceptive information. SYM 2081 ((2S,4R)-4-methyl glutamic acid) desensitizes kainate receptors, one subtype of non-NMDA receptors, to subsequent release of excitatory amino acids and thus may attenuate transmission of nociceptive information. To determine if SYM 2081 can prevent development of hyperalgesia, SYM 2081 (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered prior to injection of capsaicin into the hindpaw of rats, which produces mechanical and heat hyperalgesia. To determine if SYM 2081 can reduce ongoing inflammatory hyperalgesia, SYM 2081 (10 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered after development of carrageenan-evoked hyperalgesia. Intraplantar injection of capsaicin produced an increase in hindpaw withdrawal frequency to mechanical stimuli (from 4+/-2 to 41+/-7%; mean+/-S.E.M.) and a decrease in withdrawal latency to heat (from 12.3+/-0.3 to 5.9+/-0.4 s) in rats that received vehicle. In contrast, rats that received SYM 2081 (100 mg/kg) prior to injection of capsaicin exhibited a lower hindpaw withdrawal frequency (18+/-4%) and a longer withdrawal latency (7.7+/-0.5 s). Intrathecal (1-100 microg/5 microl), but not intraplantar (10 or 100 microg/50 microl), injection of SYM 2081 attenuated the development of capsaicin-evoked heat hyperalgesia suggesting that SYM 2081's antihyperalgesic effects were due to its central effects. Furthermore, SYM 2081 completely reversed ongoing carrageenan-evoked mechanical hyperalgesia and partially (approximately 50%) reversed ongoing heat hyperalgesia. The present study demonstrates that administration of a high-potency ligand that selectively desensitizes kainate receptors attenuates the development of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia and attenuates ongoing inflammatory hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Turner
- Department of Oral Science, University of Minnesota, 17-252 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Dauban P, de Saint-Fuscien C, Acher F, Prézeau L, Brabet I, Pin JP, Dodd RH. First enantiospecific synthesis of a 3,4-dihydroxy-L-glutamic acid [(3S,4S)-DHGA], a new mGluR1 agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:129-33. [PMID: 10673095 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of one of the 4 possible stereoisomers of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-glutamic acid ((3S,4S)-DHGA 3), a natural product of unknown configuration, is described. The synthesis is based on the Lewis acid catalyzed reaction of benzyl alcohol with a D-ribose-derived 2,3-aziridino-gamma-lactone 4-benzyl carboxylate (6). Preliminary pharmacological studies showed that (3S,4S)-3 is an agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors of type 1 (mGluR1) and a weak antagonist of mGluR4 but has no discernible activity with respect to mGluR2. This activity profile can be rationalized by fitting extended conformations of (3S,4S)-3 in proposed models of each of these receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dauban
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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10
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Helaine V, Bolte J. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (4S)- and (4R)-4-Methyl-2-oxoglutaric Acids, Precursors of Glutamic Acid Analogues. European J Org Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199912)1999:12<3403::aid-ejoc3403>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Helaine V, Rossi J, Bolte J. A new access to alkyl-α-ketoglutaric acids, precursors of glutamic acid analogues by enzymatic transamination. Application to the synthesis of (2S,4R)-4-propyl-glutamic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Helaine V, Bolte J. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the four stereoisomers of 4-hydroxy-4-methylglutamic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Brabet I, Parmentier ML, De Colle C, Bockaert J, Acher F, Pin JP. Comparative effect of L-CCG-I, DCG-IV and gamma-carboxy-L-glutamate on all cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. Neuropharmacology 1998; 37:1043-51. [PMID: 9833633 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(98)00091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study we reported that the addition of a carboxylic group to the mGlu receptor agonist aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (ACPD) changes its properties from agonist to antagonist at both mGlu1 and mGlu2 receptors, and resulted in an increase in affinity at mGlu4 receptors, with isomers being either agonists or antagonists. In the present study, the effect of gamma-carboxy-L-glutamic acid (Gla) and (2S,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), two carboxylic derivatives of non-selective agonists, were examined on all cloned mGlu receptors. We found that this additional carboxylic group on glutamate prevents its interaction with group-I mGlu receptors and generates a potent group-II antagonist (K(B) = 55 microM on mGlu2). At group-III mGlu receptors, Gla was found to be either an antagonist (mGlu7 and mGlu8 receptors) or a partial agonist (mGlu4 and mGlu6 receptors). We show here that L-CCG-I is a general mGlu receptor agonist activating all cloned receptors. We also confirm that DCG-IV, which corresponds to L-CCG-I with an additional carboxylic group, is a selective group-II agonist. However, this additional COOH group changes the properties of L-CCG-I from an agonist to an antagonist at all group-III receptors, making this compound one of the most potent group-III mGlu receptor antagonist known so far. These observations will be useful for the development of more potent and selective mGlu receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brabet
- Centre INSERM-CNRS de Pharmacologie-Endocrinologie, UPR 9023-CNRS, Montpellier, France
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14
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Tellier F, Acher F, Brabet I, Pin JP, Azerad R. Aminobicyclo[2.2.1.]heptane dicarboxylic acids (ABHD), rigid analogs of ACPD and glutamic acid: synthesis and pharmacological activity on metabotropic receptors mGluR1 and mGluR2. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:195-208. [PMID: 9547943 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)10031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isomeric norbornane-derived rigid analogs mimicking different potential conformations of ACPD (1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid) and glutamic acid have been synthesized, via the hydantoin route, to be used as conformational probes for bioactive conformations at the glutamatergic receptors of the central nervous system. Activities on metabotropic receptors mGluR1 and mGluR2 are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tellier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, URA 400 CNRS, Université René Descartes-Paris V, France
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15
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Todeschi N, Gharbi-Benarous J, Girault JP. Structure of kainic acid totally elucidated by NMR and molecular modelling. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:1943-57. [PMID: 9370039 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(97)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One class of glutamate receptors is characterized by the binding of the neuroexcitant and toxin kainic acid (KA), which contains an embedded L-glutamate moiety in a partially restricted (about the 2,3-bond) conformation. While there are a number of compounds that exhibit high specificity and selectivity at the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, there has been a lack of selective and high-affinity ligands for the ionotropic KA subclass of excitatory amino acid receptors. This substance has received some attention recently being the least understood of the ionotropic type of glutamate receptor. The spatial orientation of the perceived functional groups of KA has been elucidated by a conformational analysis of an aqueous solution of KA using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental results, mechanics and dynamics calculations, and theoretical simulation of NMR spectra. The weak pH-dependent effects on overall conformation and the structure of the principal '4E-envelope' KA conformer are established in aqueous solution. This study clearly shows the structural 'down' position of the double bond and the preferred 'g(-)-c' conformation of the C(3) carboxymethyl side-chain. The complex structure of this compound is thus definitively resolved. The conformation of the envelope ring such as C(3) carboxymethyl and C(4)-isopropenyl groups may strongly influence the potencies of KA interactions with the KA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Todeschi
- Université René Descartes-Paris V, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques (URA 400 CNRS), France
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16
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Bráuner-Osborne H, Nielsen B, Stensbøl TB, Johansen TN, Skjaerbaek N, Krogsgaard-Larsen P. Molecular pharmacology of 4-substituted glutamic acid analogues at ionotropic and metabotropic excitatory amino acid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 335:R1-3. [PMID: 9369383 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacology of (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid, (2S,4S)-4-methylglutamic acid and (S)- and (R)-4-methyleneglutamic acids (obtained in high chemical and enantiomeric purity from racemic 4-methyleneglutamic acid by chiral HPLC using a Crownpak CR(+) column), was examined in binding experiments using rat brain ionotropic glutamate receptors, and in functional assays using cloned metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. As a notable result of these studies, (2S,4R)-4-methylglutamic acid and (2S,4S)-4-methylglutamic acid were shown to be selective for kainic acid receptors and mGlu receptors (subtypes 1alpha and 2), respectively, whereas (S)-4-methyleneglutamic acid showed high but rather non-selective affinity for the (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA), kainic acid, NMDA and mGlu receptors (subtypes 1alpha and 2). Although none of the compounds were specific for any of the receptor subtypes, the results demonstrate that each of these structurally related compounds has a distinct pharmacological profile.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cricetinae
- Glutamates/isolation & purification
- Glutamates/metabolism
- Glutamates/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, AMPA/drug effects
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/drug effects
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bráuner-Osborne
- PharmaBiotec Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Copenhagen
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