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Fukumura T, Mori W, Ogawa M, Fujinaga M, Zhang MR. [ 11C]phosgene: Synthesis and application for development of PET radiotracers. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 92:138-148. [PMID: 32546396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-11-labeled phosgene ([11C]phosgene, [11C]COCl2) is a useful labeling agent that connects two heteroatoms by inserting [11C]carbonyl (11C=O) function in carbamates, ureas, and carbonates, which are components of biologically important heterocyclic compounds and functional groups in drugs as a linker of fragments with in vivo stability. Development of 11C-labeled PET tracers has been performed using [11C]phosgene as a labeling agent. However, [11C]phosgene has not been frequently used for 11C-labeling because preparation of [11C]phosgene required dedicated synthesis apparatus (not commercially available) and had problems in reproducibility and reliability. In our laboratory, an improved method for synthesizing [11C]phosgene using a carbon tetrachloride detection tube kit in environmental air analysis and the automated synthesis system for preparing [11C]phosgene have been developed in 2009. This apparatus has been used for routine synthesis of 11C-labeled tracers 1-4 times/week. Using [11C]phosgene we have developed and produced many PET radiotracers containing [11C]urea and [11C]carbamate moieties. In this review, we report the performance of our method for preparing [11C]phosgene, including automated synthesis apparatus developed in house, and the application of [11C]phosgene for development and production of 11C-labeled PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Fukumura
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., Tokyo 141-8686, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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The chemistry of labeling heterocycles with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 for biomedical imaging. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liger F, Cadarossanesaib F, Iecker T, Tourvieille C, Le Bars D, Billard T. 11
C-Labeling: Intracyclic Incorporation of Carbon-11 into Heterocycles. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Didier Le Bars
- CERMEP-In vivo imaging; 59 Bd Pinel 69677 Lyon France
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (UMR CNRS 5246); Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Thierry Billard
- CERMEP-In vivo imaging; 59 Bd Pinel 69677 Lyon France
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (UMR CNRS 5246); Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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Jolly D, Hopewell R, Kovacevic M, Li QY, Soucy JP, Kostikov A. Development of "[ 11C]kits" for a fast, efficient and reliable production of carbon-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 121:76-81. [PMID: 28038410 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Translation of carbon-11 labeled PET tracers to clinical settings is currently impeded by the technical difficulties associated with [11C]CO2 conversion into the highly reactive methylating agents [11C]CH3I and [11C]CH3OTf using automated modules relying on stationary valves. Here we describe development of the first in its kind "[11C]kit" for production of carbon-11 radiotracer using disposable manifolds. This method proved to be very reliable and allows for consecutive production of PET tracers with minimal intervals between the syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Jolly
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Robert Hopewell
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Miriam Kovacevic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Qian Ying Li
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4; Concordia-PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A2B4
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Lemoucheux L, Rouden J, Ibazizene M, Sobrio F, Lasne MC. [11C]Carbamoyl chlorides: An easy access from [11C]phosgene and tertiary amines. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580440145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Li Z, Conti PS. Radiopharmaceutical chemistry for positron emission tomography. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:1031-51. [PMID: 20854860 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an emerging technology that allows the visualization of interactions between molecular probes and biological targets. Molecules that either direct or are subject to homeostatic controls in biological systems could be labeled with the appropriate radioisotopes for the quantitative measurement of selected molecular interactions during normal tissue homeostasis and again after perturbations of the normal state. In particular, positron emission tomography (PET) offers picomolar sensitivity and is a fully translational technique that requires specific probes radiolabeled with a usually short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide. PET has provided the capability of measuring biological processes at the molecular and metabolic levels in vivo by the detection of the gamma rays formed as a result of the annihilation of the positrons emitted. Despite the great wealth of information that such probes can provide, the potential of PET strongly depends on the availability of suitable PET radiotracers. However, the development of new imaging probes for PET is far from trivial and radiochemistry is a major limiting factor for the field of PET. In this review, we provided an overview of the most common chemical approaches for the synthesis of PET-labeled molecules and highlighted the most recent developments and trends. The discussed PET radionuclides include ¹¹C (t₁(/)₂=20.4min), ¹³N (t₁(/)₂=9.9min), ¹⁵O (t₁(/)₂=2min), ⁶⁸Ga (t₁(/)₂=68min), ¹⁸F (t₁(/)₂=109.8min), ⁶⁴Cu (t₁(/)₂=12.7h), and ¹²⁴I (t₁(/)₂=4.12d).
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Simple and effective method for producing [11C]phosgene using an environmental CCl4 gas detection tube. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:73-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kealey S, Miller PW, Long NJ, Plisson C, Martarello L, Gee AD. Copper(I) scorpionate complexes and their application in palladium-mediated [(11)C]carbonylation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3696-8. [PMID: 19557252 DOI: 10.1039/b906166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of copper(I) tris(pyrazolyl)borate complexes have been used to greatly improve the solubility of [(11)C]carbon monoxide, enabling it to be used in low-pressure, 'one-pot' palladium-mediated carbonylation reactions to form (11)C-radiolabelled amides and ureas for use in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kealey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London, UK SW7 2AZ
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthese von11C-,18F-,15O- und13N-Radiotracern für die Positronenemissionstomographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Miller P, Long N, Vilar R, Gee A. Synthesis of11C,18F,15O, and13N Radiolabels for Positron Emission Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8998-9033. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 726] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Roeda D, Kuhnast B, Hammadi A, Dollé F. The Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot – contributions to PET chemistry over the years. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lemoucheux L, Rouden J, Ibazizene M, Sobrio F, Lasne MC. Debenzylation of tertiary amines using phosgene or triphosgene: an efficient and rapid procedure for the preparation of carbamoyl chlorides and unsymmetrical ureas. Application in carbon-11 chemistry. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7289-97. [PMID: 12968878 DOI: 10.1021/jo0346297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and rapid preparations of carbamoyl chlorides and unsymmetrical ureas from tertiary amines and phosgene or its safe equivalent triphosgene [bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate, BTC] are described. First, the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of phosgene with secondary amines was revisited, and it was shown that the formation of carbamoyl chlorides in high yields required careful adjustments of experimental conditions and the use of pyridine as an HCl scavenger. A phosgene-mediated dealkylation of triethylamine was observed when this base was used instead of pyridine. Taking advantage of this observation, a strategy of synthesis of carbamoyl chlorides from tertiary amines and phosgene has been developed. N-Alkyl-N-benzyl(substituted)tetrahydroisoquinolines, -piperazines, -piperidines, or -anilines were treated with stoichiometric amounts of phosgene (or BTC) in CH(2)Cl(2). Tertiary amines bearing electron-enriched benzyl group(s) afforded carbamoyl chlorides in excellent yields and without any contamination by symmetrical ureas. Subsequent additions of primary or secondary amines to these carbamoyl chlorides produced unsymmetrical ureas in single-pot and high-yielding operations. This methodology was applied in (11)C-chemistry. From [(11)C]phosgene, a common precursor used in the preparation of radiotracers for positron emission tomography, a rapid and efficient synthesis of (11)C-carbamoyl chlorides and (11)C-unsymmetrical ureas derived from tetrahydroisoquinoline and piperazine is described. The first example of (11)C-amide formation from the reaction of a (11)C-carbamoyl chloride and an organometallic (cyanocuprate or a Grignard reagent in the presence of a nickel catalyst) is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lemoucheux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, CNRS UMR 6507, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen-Basse Normandie, 6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
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