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Zhou Z, Ren H, Zhou L, Wang P, Lou X, Zou H, Cao Y. Recent Development on Determination of Low-Level 90Sr in Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010090. [PMID: 36615288 PMCID: PMC9821828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of the world's nuclear power industry, it is vital to establish reliable and efficient radioanalytical methods to support sound environment and food radioactivity monitoring programs and a cost-effective waste management strategy. As one of the most import fission products generated during human nuclear activities, 90Sr has been widely determined based on different analytical techniques for routine radioactivity monitoring, emergency preparedness and radioactive waste management. Herein, we summarize and critically review analytical methods developed over the last few decades for the determination of 90Sr in environmental and biological samples. Approaches applied in different steps of the analysis including sample preparation, chemical separation and detection are systematically discussed. The recent development of modern materials for 90Sr concentration and advanced instruments for rapid 90Sr measurement are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiyao Cao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(0571)-87115089
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Cao Y, Zhou L, Ren H, Zou H. Determination, Separation and Application of 137Cs: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610183. [PMID: 36011815 PMCID: PMC9408292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of the world's nuclear power industry, it is necessary to establish background data on radionuclides of different samples from different regions, and the premise of obtaining such basic data is to have a series of good sample processing and detection methods. The radiochemical analysis methods of low-level radionuclides 137Cs (Cesium) in environmental and biological samples are introduced and reviewed in detail. The latest research progress is reviewed from the five aspects of sample pretreatment, determination, separation, calculation, application of radioactive cesium and the future is proposed.
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Koarai K, Kino Y, Takahashi A, Suzuki T, Shimizu Y, Chiba M, Osaka K, Sasaki K, Fukuda T, Isogai E, Yamashiro H, Oka T, Sekine T, Fukumoto M, Shinoda H. (90)Sr in teeth of cattle abandoned in evacuation zone: Record of pollution from the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24077. [PMID: 27045764 PMCID: PMC4820720 DOI: 10.1038/srep24077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we determined the 90Sr concentrations in the teeth of cattle abandoned in the evacuation area of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. 90Sr activity concentrations in the teeth varied from 6–831 mBq (g Ca)−1 and exhibited a positive relationship with the degree of radioactive contamination that the cattle experienced. Even within an individual animal, the specific activity of 90Sr (Bq (g Sr)−1) varied depending on the development stage of the teeth during the FNPP accident: teeth that were early in development exhibited high 90Sr specific activities, while teeth that were late in development exhibited low specific activities. These findings demonstrate that 90Sr is incorporated into the teeth during tooth development; thus, tooth 90Sr activity concentrations reflect environmental 90Sr levels during tooth formation. Assessment of 90Sr in teeth could provide useful information about internal exposure to 90Sr radiation and allow for the measurement of time-course changes in the degree of environmental 90Sr pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasushi Kino
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Mirei Chiba
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Emiko Isogai
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japan
| | | | - Toshitaka Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sekine
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Japan.,Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Japan
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Baeza A, Vallejo I, Guillén J, Salas A, Corbacho JA. Antlers of Cervus elaphus as biomonitors of ⁹⁰Sr in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2011; 102:311-315. [PMID: 21255884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adequate radioprotection of the environment requires the identification of biomonitors sensitive to the variation of its radionuclide content. Due to the chemical similarities between calcium and strontium, calcified tissues of mammals are considered to be good ⁹⁰Sr biomonitors. This work considered Cervus elaphus antlers which, being shed annually, can give information about the importance of radiostrontium contamination in an ecosystem in the time period required for the growth of the antler. The samples were collected at various points of W and SW Spain. The mean value of their ⁹⁰Sr content was (70 ± 43 (S.D.)) Bq/kg d.w., range (16-218) Bq/kg d.w., and the radionuclide was evenly distributed in the different parts of the antler. There was a good correlation between the antlers' ⁹⁰Sr content and the ⁹⁰Sr deposited in the soil. The antlers' content of ²²⁶Ra (from the natural uranium series) and the contents of some stable elements (Ca, Mg, Sr, and K) were also determined. The values for these stable elements were practically constant in the analyzed samples, and the concentrations measured decreased in the following order: Ca » Mg > K > Sr » ⁹⁰Sr > ²²⁶Ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baeza
- LARUEX, Dpt. Applied Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avda, 10003 Caceres, Spain
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Froidevaux P, Geering JJ, Valley JF. 90Sr in deciduous teeth from 1950 to 2002: the Swiss experience. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2006; 367:596-605. [PMID: 16546237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Switzerland has recorded the level of activity of 90Sr in the milk teeth of children from different regions of the country since the first atomic explosions in the atmosphere. Activity peaked at 0.421 Bq g-1 Ca at the beginning of the sixties, coinciding with the detonation of many large nuclear devices. Following the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty that ended atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, a steady and significant decrease in 90Sr activity in milk teeth has been observed-down to a value of 0.03 Bq g-1 Ca for children born in 1994. The apparent half-life of 90Sr in milk teeth is 9.8+/-3 years. With the exception of the period from 1962 to 1964, there is no correlation between the activity in the teeth of children born in a given year and the year of extraction. Between 1953 and 1992, the milk teeth of children born in Zürich county showed 16% less activity than teeth from children born in Vaud county. Dairy consumption habits might be responsible for this trend. The effect of the 90Sr deposition from Chernobyl is barely measurable in milk teeth, and no effect is seen from the five Swiss nuclear reactors. This paper emphasizes the necessity of a very high purity chemical separation of 90Sr or 90Y to determine 90Sr activity in milk teeth or other samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Froidevaux
- Institute of Applied Radiophysics, University of Lausanne, Grand Pré 1, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Panwar A, Baniwal S, Singh R, Sharma CL, Singh AK. STRONTIUM (II)-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE BASED ON A MACROCYCLIC LIGAND. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Torres J, Llauradó M, Rauret G, Bickel M, Altzitzoglou T, Pilviö R. Determination of 90Sr in aquatic organisms by extraction chromatography: method validation. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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