Molecular approaches to the diagnosis of sporadic and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated odontogenic keratocysts

Multiple odontogenic keratocysts in a patient with Lowe syndrome: a first case report and literature review

Lowe syndrome (LS) is a rare disease (1:500,000) with X-linked recessive inheritance involving the kidneys, eyes, and nervous system. A Mexican 25-year-old male patient presented for diagnosis of multiple radiolucent lesions observed on routine radiographic examination. General aspects revealed cognitive delay, eye alterations, and kidney involvement, which support the diagnosis of LS. Radiolucent well-delimited lesions were observed in both mandibular angle and symphysis. Under general anesthesia, incisional biopsy and decompression were performed. Histological aspects led to diagnosing odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) for all lesions. The lesions in the right and left mandibular angles were decompressed, and the symphyseal lesion was enucleated. A 2-month follow-up shows the bone healing process. There are few reports detailing oral findings in LS. Here, we reported the first case of multiple OKC in a patient with LS. In addition, we performed a literature review on odontogenic lesions in patients affected by LS.

Benign and Malignant Oral Lesions in Children and Adolescents: An Organized Approach to Diagnosis and Management

Oral lesions in children encompass a wide range of etiologies, including idiopathic entities as well as those related to an underlying systemic illness. In addition, oral masses include benign entities harboring locally destructive behavior and even malignancies in rare cases. Thorough patient history and detailed and efficient physical examination are critical for determining which lesions can be closely observed versus those require further diagnostic work-up. Understanding normal oral cavity anatomy is crucial for performing appropriate evaluation. This review describes the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral cavity lesions and reviews the broad differential diagnosis of oral cavity masses.

Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome: Case report and literature review

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is an infrequent multisystemic disease with an autosomal dominant trait, with complete penetrance and variable expressivity, though sporadic cases have been described. This article includes a case report and an extensive review of the GGS with regard to its history, incidence, etiology, features, investigations, diagnostic criteria, keratocystic odontogenic tumor and treatment modalities.

Non-syndromic odontogenic keratocysts: A rare case report

Odontogenic keratocysts are very well documented in the literature. Multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are one of the most frequent features of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). It is linked with mutation in the PTCH gene (human homolog of the drosophila segment polarity gene, "patched",). Partial expression of the gene may result in occurrence of only multiple recurring OKC without any associated systemic findings. A rare case of multiple odontogenic keratocysts unassociated with any syndrome is reported, so as to add to the growing number of such cases in the literature. The possibility of this case being a partial expression of the Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is discussed.

Characterization and management of the keratocystic odontogenic tumor in relation to its histopathological and biological features

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), formerly referred to as odontogenic keratocyst, is a benign neoplasm of odontogenic origin which may present an aggressive and infiltrative behavior leading to high recurrence rates. A review of the various treatment modalities, ranging from simple enucleation to radical surgery is portrayed in relation to clinical, radiological, histopathological and molecular features. Although prognostic factors based on clinico-pathologic and immunohistochemical findings for determining the potential for recurrence of KCOT still remains unclear, its use for determining the potential for recurrence of KCOT after surgical treatment may become important to successfully manage this neoplasm's aggressive behavior. The key element for future management of KCOTs will probably be based on thorough knowledge of the biological basis of this tumor, thereby enabling a more tailored treatment approach.