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Fu Y, Brown CJ, Johnson JT, Marsh BM, Gilbert JR, Feng E, Kenttämaa HI. Modification of a Quadrupole/Orbitrap/Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Tribrid Mass Spectrometer for Diagnostic Gas-Phase Ion-Molecule Reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:426-434. [PMID: 36797211 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry based on diagnostic gas-phase ion-molecule reactions represents a robust method for functional group identification in unknown compounds. To date, most of these reactions have been studied using unit-resolution instruments, such as linear quadrupole ion traps and triple quadrupoles, which cannot be used to obtain elemental composition information for the species of interest. In this study, a high-resolution mass spectrometer, a quadrupole/orbitrap/linear quadrupole ion trap tribrid, was modified by installing a portable reagent inlet system to obtain high-resolution data for ion-molecule reactions. Examination of a previously published test system, the reaction between protonated 1,1'-sulfonyldiimizadole with 2-methoxypropene, demonstrated the ability to perform ion-molecule reactions on the modified tribrid mass spectrometer. High-resolution data were obtained for ion-molecule reactions of three isobaric ions (protonated glycylalanine, protonated glutamine, and protonated lysine) with diethylmethoxyborane. On the basis of these data, the isobaric ions can be differentiated based on both their measured accurate mass as well as the different product ions they generated upon the ion-molecule reactions. In a different experiment, analyte ions were subjected to collision-induced dissociation (CID), and the structures of the resulting fragment ions were examined via diagnostic ion-molecule reactions. This experiment allows for the functional group interrogation of fragment ions and can be used to improve the understanding of the structures of fragment ions generated in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Joshua T Johnson
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Brett M Marsh
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Gilbert
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Erlu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Iacobucci C, Jouini N, Massi L, Olivero S, De Angelis F, Duñach E, Gal JF. Quantitative Ligand Affinity Scales for Metal Triflate Salts: Application to Isomer Differentiation. Chempluschem 2017; 82:498-506. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Iacobucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Nédra Jouini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272; 06108 Nice France
| | - Lionel Massi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272; 06108 Nice France
| | - Sandra Olivero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272; 06108 Nice France
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche; Università dell'Aquila; Via Vetoio, Coppito 67100 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Elisabet Duñach
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272; 06108 Nice France
| | - Jean-François Gal
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS; Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272; 06108 Nice France
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3
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Owen BC, Jarrell TM, Schwartz JC, Oglesbee R, Carlsen M, Archibold EF, Kenttämaa HI. A Differentially Pumped Dual Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap (DLQIT) Mass Spectrometer: A Mass Spectrometer Capable of MSn Experiments Free From Interfering Reactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11284-90. [PMID: 24171553 DOI: 10.1021/ac401956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Owen
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Jarrell
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae C. Schwartz
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oak Parkway, San
Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Rob Oglesbee
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark Carlsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Enada F. Archibold
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Center for Direct
Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, 1203
W. State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Somuramasami J, Duan P, Amundson LM, Archibold E, Winger BE, Kenttämaa HI. Differentiation of protonated aromatic regioisomers related to lignin by reactions with trimethylborate in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1040-1051. [PMID: 21953045 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Several lignin model compounds were examined to test whether gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of trimethylborate (TMB) in a FTICR can be used to differentiate the ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of protonated aromatic compounds, such as those formed during degradation of lignin. All three regioisomers could be differentiated for methoxyphenols and hydroxyphenols. However, only the differentiation of the ortho-isomer from the meta- and para-isomers was possible for hydroxyacetophenones and hydroxybenzoic acids. Consideration of the previously reported proton affinities at all basic sites in the isomeric hydroxyphenols, and the calculated proton affinities at all basic sites in the three methoxyphenol isomers, revealed that the proton affinities of the analytes relative to that of TMB play an important role in determining whether and how they react with TMB. The loss of two methanol molecules (instead of one) from the adducts formed with TMB either during ion-molecule reactions, or during sustained-off resonance irradiated collision-activated dissociation of the ion-molecule reaction products, revealed the presence of two functionalities in almost all the isomers. This finding supports earlier results suggesting that TMB can be used to count the functionalities in unknown oxygen-containing analytes.
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Somuramasami J, Winger BE, Gillespie TA, Kenttämaa HI. Identification and counting of carbonyl and hydroxyl functionalities in protonated bifunctional analytes by using solution derivatization prior to mass spectrometric analysis via ion-molecule reactions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:773-784. [PMID: 20189411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometric method has been developed for the identification of carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups, as well as for counting the functional groups, in previously unknown protonated bifunctional oxygen-containing analytes. This method utilizes solution reduction before mass spectrometric analysis to convert the carbonyl groups to hydroxyl groups. Gas-phase ion-molecule reactions of the protonated reduced analytes with neutral trimethylborate (TMB) in a FT-ICR mass spectrometer give diagnostic product ions. The reaction sequence likely involves three consecutive steps, proton abstraction from the protonated analyte by TMB, addition of the neutral analyte to the boron reagent, and elimination of a neutral methanol molecule. The number of methanol molecules eliminated upon reactions with TMB reveals the number of hydroxyl groups in the analyte. Comparison of the reactions of the original and reduced analytes reveals the presence and number of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the analyte.
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Cooks RG, Chen H, Eberlin MN, Zheng X, Tao WA. Polar Acetalization and Transacetalization in the Gas Phase: The Eberlin Reaction. Chem Rev 2006; 106:188-211. [PMID: 16402776 DOI: 10.1021/cr0400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R G Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Chen H, Cotte-Rodríguez I, Cooks RG. cis-Diol functional group recognition by reactive desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:597-9. [PMID: 16446821 DOI: 10.1039/b516448f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions at a solution/solid interface are utilized in an ambient mass spectrometry experiment to recognize the cis-diol functionality by its selective complexation reaction to form a cyclic boronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Polfer NC, Valle JJ, Moore DT, Oomens J, Eyler JR, Bendiak B. Differentiation of Isomers by Wavelength-Tunable Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation-Mass Spectrometry: Application to Glucose-Containing Disaccharides. Anal Chem 2005; 78:670-9. [PMID: 16448038 DOI: 10.1021/ac0519458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the wavelength of irradiation in infrared multiple-photon dissociation (IR-MPD) of lithium-tagged glucose-containing disaccharide ions (1-2-, 1-3-, 1-4-, and 1-6-linked isomers of both anomeric configurations) resulted in marked differences in their mass spectral fragmentation patterns. Two-dimensional plots of the fragment yield versus infrared wavelength for each mass spectral product ion were unique for each isomer and can be considered a spectral fingerprint. Individual product ions or diagnostic ratios of key product ions can be optimized at specific IR wavelengths. The technique permits both linkage position and anomeric configuration to be assigned. The ratio of the fragments derived by cleavage at the glycosidic bond (m/z 169/187) is much enhanced for beta-anomers compared to alpha-anomers. Differences in the diagnostic product ions 169 and 187 were largest in the range of 9.0-9.4 microm, where the maximum dissociation yield was observed. Conversely, at 10.6 microm, the wavelength of nontunable CO2 lasers that accompany commercial Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, the dissociation yield was poor and anomeric differentiation was not possible. In contrast to previous studies by collision-induced dissociation, the trends in dissociation behavior between anomers using IR-MPD are significant and allow simple diagnostic rules to be established. By depositing energy into these isobaric ions via narrow-band IR excitation, the resulting internal energy can be finely controlled, thereby obtaining high reproducibility in dissociation patterns. Given the multidimensionality of variable-wavelength IR-MPD of lithiated disaccharides, it is expected that this approach can overcome some of the current limitations in isomer differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick C Polfer
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics, Rijnhuizen, Molecular Dynamics Group, MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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Leclerc E, Leon E, Taphanel MH, Morizur JP. Gas-phase reactivity of the O=P(OCH3)2 + phosphonium ion towards alpha,beta-unsaturated esters in a quadrupole ion trap. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:458-463. [PMID: 15712355 DOI: 10.1002/jms.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ion-molecule reactions between the O=P(OCH3)2 + phosphonium ions and eight alpha,beta-unsaturated esters (methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl crotonate, ethyl crotonate, methyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, ethyl 3,3-dimethylacrylate, methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate) were performed in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The O=P(OCH3)2 + phosphonium ions, formed by electron ionization from neutral trimethyl phosphite, were found to react with alpha,beta-unsaturated esters to give an adduct [RR'C=CR''COOR''', O=P(OCH3)2]+, which lose spontaneously a molecule of trimethyl phosphate (R'''=CH3) or dimethyl ethyl phosphate (R'''=C2H5). An ion corresponding to a protonated trialkyl phosphate is also observed when substituent R''=H. To confirm the experimental results, and to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of the ionic species, a theoretical study using the density functional theory (DFT) approach was carried out. The potential energy surface obtained from B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) calculations for the reaction between O=P(OCH3)2 + and methyl acrylate is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Leclerc
- Laboratoire Analyse et Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, Université d'Evry Val-d'Essonne, Bd François Mitterrand, 91025 Evry Cedex, France
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Petzold CJ, Leavell MD, Leary JA. Screening and identification of acidic carbohydrates in bovine colostrum by using ion/molecule reactions and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: specificity toward phosphorylated complexes. Anal Chem 2004; 76:203-10. [PMID: 14697052 DOI: 10.1021/ac034682v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A screening method was developed for the identification of acidic saccharides from biological mixtures utilizing gas-phase derivatization and mass spectrometry. Phosphorylated compounds were differentiated from other acidic species by exploiting the selective reactivity of chlorotrimethylsilane with the phosphate ions (phosphorylated compounds shift by 72 Da, allowing rapid compound detection). A 13-component mock mixture was used to demonstrate the viability of the method, and a detection limit of 600 nM (30 fmol) was determined. This method was applied to the identification of acidic compounds from bovine colostrum. To further verify the selectivity of the ion/molecule reaction, exact mass measurements were used to determine the elemental composition of 14 compounds. Eight novel acidic carbohydrate species were observed in bovine colostrum, six of which have never been reported previously in milks. Tandem mass spectrometric experiments allowed compound characterization for two of these components.
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11
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Leavell MD, Leary JA. Probing isomeric differences of phosphorylated carbohydrates through the use of ion/molecule reactions and FT-ICR MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2003; 14:323-331. [PMID: 12686479 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(03)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Through the use of ion/molecule reactions and tandem mass spectrometry, phosphate position is assigned in both phosphorylated monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. In previous work phosphate moieties of monosaccharides were stabilized under collisional activation, by first derivatizing the deprotonated monosaccharide with trimethyl borate through an ion/molecule reaction, and the phosphate position determined through marker ions generated in tandem mass spectra. In this work, the methodology is extended to larger phosphorylated oligomers employing chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl) as the ion/molecule reagent. Phosphorylated monosaccharides were first investigated to determine diagnostic ions for phosphate linkage in monomeric standards. It was observed that the diagnostic ions showed both linkage and some monosaccharide stereochemical information. Furthermore, it was observed that TMS addition stabilized the phosphate moiety under collisionally activated conditions. Upon identification of the diagnostic ions, the methodology was applied to lactose-1-phosphate. It was found that TMSCl, stabilized the phosphate moiety upon collisional activation, and furthermore, the phosphate linkage could be determined through tandem mass spectrometric analysis. As a further extrapolation to biologically relevant problems, the methodology was applied to a lipophosphoglycan analog from the protozoan parasite Leishmania. This sample contains bridging phosphates which were converted to terminal phosphates through collision induced dissociation. The sample was then analyzed in the same manner as lactose-1-phosphate, yielding phosphate linkage information and stereochemical information. This study showed that, using the developed methodology, phosphate linkage can be determined from both monosaccharides and larger oligosaccharides; furthermore it is applicable to samples in which the phosphates are either terminating or bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Leavell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, 94720, USA
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Lemos AB, Sparrapan R, Eberlin MN. Reactions of gaseous acylium ions with 1,3-dienes: further evidence for polar [4 + 2+] Diels-Alder cycloaddition. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:305-314. [PMID: 12644992 DOI: 10.1002/jms.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel reaction of acylium and thioacylium ions, polar [4 + 2(+)] Diels-Alder cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and O-heterodienes, has been systematically investigated in the gas phase (Eberlin MN, Cooks RG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993; 115: 9226). This polar cycloaddition, yet without precedent in solution, likely forms cyclic 2,5-dihydropyrylium ions. Here we report the reactions of gaseous acylium ions [(CH(3))(2)N-C(+)=O, Ph-C(+)=O, (CH(3))(2)N-C(+)=S, CH(3)-C(+)=O, CH(3)CH(2)-C(+)=O, and CH(2)=CH-C(+)=O] with several 1-oxy-substituted 1,3-dienes of the general formula RO-CH=CH-C(R(1))=CH(2), which were performed to collect further evidence for cycloaddition. In reactions with 1-methoxy and 1-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene, adducts are formed to a great extent, but upon collision activation they mainly undergo structurally unspecific retro-addition dissociation. In reactions with Danishefsky's diene (trans-1-methoxy-3-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene), adducts are also formed to great extents, but retro-addition is no longer their major dissociation; the ions dissociate instead mainly to a common fragment, the methoxyacryl cation of m/z 85. This fragment ion is most likely formed with the intermediacy of the acyclic adduct, which isomerizes prior to dissociation by a trimethylsilyl cation shift. Theoretical calculations predict that meta cycloadducts bearing 1-methoxy and 1-trimethylsilyloxy substituents are unstable, undergoing barrierless ring opening induced by the charge-stabilizing effect of the 1-oxy substituents. In contrast, for the reactions with 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene, both the experimental results and theoretical calculations point to the formation of intrinsically stable cycloadducts, but the intact cycloadducts are either not observed or observed in low abundances. Both the isomeric ortho and meta cycloadducts are likely formed, but the nascent ions dissociate to great extents owing to excess internal energy. The ortho cycloadducts dissociate by ketene loss; the meta cycloadducts undergo intramolecular proton transfer to the acetoxy group followed by dissociation by acetic acid loss to yield aromatic pyrylium ions. Either or both of these dissociations, ketene and/or acetic acid loss, dominate over the otherwise favored retro-Diels-Alder alternative. The pyrylium ion products therefore constitute compelling evidence for polar [4 + 2(+)] cycloaddition since their formation can only be rationalized with the intermediacy of cyclic adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Lemos
- State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Institute of Chemistry, CP 6154, 13.083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS. Stereospecific ion-molecule reactions of anabolic-type steroid tertiary alcohols with proton-donating cations. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2003; 9:459-464. [PMID: 14624015 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isobutane and methane chemical ionization (CI) mass spectra of C-17a-epimeric, 17a-substituted 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),8-tetraen-17a-ols and at C-17-epimeric 17-substituted 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-ols, as well as of some their derivatives, have been studied. In each epimeric pair, the peak intensity ratio [MH-H(2)O](+) / [MH](+) is greater for stereoisomers having an axial (or quasi-axial) hydroxyl group. The same regularity in the peak intensity ratio [MH-CH(3)COOH](+) / [MH](+) is valid for acetates in the D-homo series. The observed quantitative differences in CI mass spectra of epimers are explained by steric hindrance of the attack of the proton-donating cation caused by the angular 18-methyl group. No differences in the ease of elimination of the silanol molecule were observed in CI mass spectra of epimeric silyl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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