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MacDonald TSC, Price WS, Beves JE. Time‐Resolved Diffusion NMR Measurements for Transient Processes. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:926-930. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Price
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith NSW 2751 Australia
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2
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Mitchell J. Magnetic resonance diffusion measurements of droplet size in drilling fluid emulsions on a benchtop instrument. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Botana A, Aguilar JA, Nilsson M, Morris GA. J-modulation effects in DOSY experiments and their suppression: the Oneshot45 experiment. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2011; 208:270-278. [PMID: 21185209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is a powerful NMR method for identifying compounds in mixtures. DOSY experiments are very demanding of spectral quality; even small deviations from expected behaviour in NMR signals can cause significant distortions in the diffusion domain. This is a particular problem when signals overlap, so it is very important to be able to acquire clean data with as little overlap as possible. DOSY experiments all suffer to a greater or lesser extent from multiplet phase distortions caused by J-modulation, requiring a trade-off between such distortions and gradient pulse width. Multiplet distortions increase spectral overlap and may cause unexpected and misleading apparent diffusion coefficients in DOSY spectra. These effects are described here and a simple and effective remedy, the addition of a 45° purging pulse immediately before the onset of acquisition to remove the unwanted anti-phase terms, is demonstrated. As well as affording significantly cleaner results, the new method allows much longer diffusion-encoding pulses to be used without problems from J-modulation, and hence greatly increases the range of molecular sizes that can be studied for coupled spin systems. The sensitivity loss is negligible and the added phase cycling is modest. The new method is illustrated for a widely-used general purpose DOSY pulse sequence, Oneshot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Botana
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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4
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Weber D, Sederman AJ, Mantle MD, Mitchell J, Gladden LF. Surface diffusion in porous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2619-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b921210h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Szutkowski K, Furó I. Effective and accurate single-shot NMR diffusion experiments based on magnetization grating. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 195:123-128. [PMID: 18930665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Current single-shot diffusion methods based on magnetization gratings suffer from low sensitivity due to small rf tip angles and, consequently, from inefficient use of the total equilibrium magnetization. Here, we propose and illustrate the use of a slightly modified form of the magnetization encoding scheme OUFIS for single-shot diffusion experiments. In a detailed theoretical and experimental analysis, we compare the performance of the proposed method to other encoding schemes such as the one-phase or two-phase DANTE and conclude that the OUFIS-based experiment is a superior one. The primary reason is that this scheme allows one to use a larger total pulse area. Hence, one can encode a far larger portion of the initial magnetization into a frequency grating before the onset of various nonlinear effects. In the experimental illustration, we present a single-shot measurement of multicomponent diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosma Szutkowski
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30/36, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Stait-Gardner T, Anil Kumar P, Price WS. Steady state effects in PGSE NMR diffusion experiments. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Mitchell J, Sederman AJ, Fordham EJ, Johns ML, Gladden LF. A rapid measurement of flow propagators in porous rocks. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 191:267-272. [PMID: 18226938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
NMR flow propagators have been obtained for brine flowing through Bentheimer sandstone using the rapid DiffTrain pulse sequence. In this way, 8 flow propagators at different observation times Delta were acquired in 67 mins, compared to 7 h for the same measurements implemented with conventional pulsed field gradient (PFG) sequences. DiffTrain allows this time saving to be achieved through the acquisition of multiple displacement probability distributions over a range of Delta in a single measurement. If only the propagator moments are required, this experiment time can be further reduced to 9 mins through appropriate sparse sampling at low q values. The propagator moments obtained from DiffTrain measurements with dense and sparse q-space sampling are shown to be equivalent to those obtained from conventional PFG measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mitchell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
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10
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van Duynhoven JPM, Maillet B, Schell J, Tronquet M, Goudappel GJW, Trezza E, Bulbarello A, van Dusschoten D. A rapid benchtop NMR method for determination of droplet size distributions in food emulsions. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Griffith JD, Bayly AE, Johns ML. Evolving micro-structures in drying detergent pastes quantified using NMR. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 315:223-9. [PMID: 17669413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance methods have been used to probe the evolution of the internal micro-structure of an industrially important detergent mixture, as a function of total water content. Measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient of the water content were obtained as a function of diffusion observation time. These data were interpreted to render the surface-to-volume ratio and tortuosity of the pore space in which the water resided. Pore dimensions were found to decrease as moisture content was reduced, partially as a consequence of solute deposition. Deposition of solute material was confirmed through the application of NMR T(1) relaxation measurements. These were analysed using regularisation techniques to yield T(1) population distributions. Average pore sizes as a function of water content were extracted from this data and were in good agreement with the results of the diffusion analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Griffith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
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Davies CJ, Griffith JD, Sederman AJ, Gladden LF, Johns ML. Rapid surface-to-volume ratio and tortuosity measurement using Difftrain. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 187:170-5. [PMID: 17485231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of diffusion measurements as a function of observation time (Delta), to calculate surface-to-volume ratios (S/V) and tortuosities (kappa), is a useful tool in the characterisation of porous media using NMR. However, using conventional pulsed field gradient (PFG) measurements, this requires long total experiment times (typically hours). Here, we show how the rapid diffusion measurement pulse sequence, Difftrain, can be used to provide the required experimental data much more rapidly (typically within minutes) with a consequential reduction in total experiment time of typically over an order of magnitude. Several novel modifications to the Difftrain pulse sequence are also presented to tailor it to this particular application; these include a variable delay between echoes (to ensure optimal echo position with respect to Delta) and a variable tip angle for the refocusing pulse (to ensure optimal use of available signal). Difftrain is applied to measure both S/V and kappa for a model glass bead pack; excellent agreement is found with both a conventional PFG measurement and with a bulk gravimetric measurement of S/V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Davies
- Magnetic Resonance Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, UK
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Gladden L, Akpa B, Anadon L, Heras J, Holland D, Mantle M, Matthews S, Mueller C, Sains M, Sederman A. Dynamic Mr Imaging of Single- and Two-Phase Flows. Chem Eng Res Des 2006. [DOI: 10.1205/cherd06019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Experimental study of mass transfer limited reaction—Part I: Use of fibre optic spectrometry to infer asymmetric mass transfer coefficients. Chem Eng Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2005.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Song YQ. Multiple modulation multiple echoes: A one-shot method. Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 23:301-3. [PMID: 15833631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2004.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews a recently reported NMR method capable of determining the diffusion constant within milliseconds and without the need of multiple scans. The method can be used with static or pulsed magnetic field gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qiao Song
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, 36 Old Quarry Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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16
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Quantifying Physics and Chemistry at Multiple Length-scales using Magnetic Resonance Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2377(05)30002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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17
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Ambrosone L, Murgia S, Cinelli G, Monduzzi M, Ceglie A. Size Polydispersity Determination in Emulsion Systems by Free Diffusion Measurements via PFG-NMR. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp046480o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ambrosone
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Food Technology, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy, Department of Chemical Science, Università di Cagliari, s.s. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Sergio Murgia
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Food Technology, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy, Department of Chemical Science, Università di Cagliari, s.s. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cinelli
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Food Technology, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy, Department of Chemical Science, Università di Cagliari, s.s. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Maura Monduzzi
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Food Technology, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy, Department of Chemical Science, Università di Cagliari, s.s. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Andrea Ceglie
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase (C.S.G.I.), Department of Food Technology, Università del Molise, via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso (CB), Italy, Department of Chemical Science, Università di Cagliari, s.s. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
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Song YQ, Tang X. A one-shot method for measurement of diffusion. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2004; 170:136-148. [PMID: 15324767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2004.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2004] [Revised: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an NMR method capable of determining the diffusion constant of a material within a few milliseconds and without the need of multiple scans. The method can be used with static or pulsed magnetic field gradients. It may be used to detect time-dependent processes, such as in chemical reactions, production monitoring, and medical MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qiao Song
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, 36 Old Quarry Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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Hollingsworth KG, Sederman AJ, Buckley C, Gladden LF, Johns ML. Fast emulsion droplet sizing using NMR self-diffusion measurements. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 274:244-50. [PMID: 15120299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 02/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emulsion droplet sizing using pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a well-established technique. Traditionally these measurements require total acquisition times of typically 5-20 min per sample, which severely limits our ability to use this method to study dynamic processes. Here we present the application and verification of an NMR pulse sequence, Difftrain, which enables emulsion droplet size distributions to be measured in 3-10 s. We have previously introduced applications of Difftrain (C. Buckley, K.G. Hollingsworth, A.J. Sederman, D.J. Holland, M.L. Johns, L.F. Gladden, J. Magn. Reson. 161 (2003) 112-117), including the droplet sizing of a single unimodal emulsion sample. In this paper, several model emulsions containing different oils are measured and the results compared directly with sizing provided by laser scattering. In this manner, the Difftrain method is verified and its possibilities and limitations are explored. Guidelines are proposed for the range of droplet sizes for which accurate results can be produced. The Difftrain technique opens up the possibility of studying non-equilibrium emulsions; a study of the in situ emulsification of a 21% v/v water-in-silicone oil emulsion is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK
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