1
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Chmelová Ľ, Kraeva N, Saura A, Krayzel A, Vieira CS, Ferreira TN, Soares RP, Bučková B, Galan A, Horáková E, Vojtková B, Sádlová J, Malysheva MN, Butenko A, Prokopchuk G, Frolov AO, Lukeš J, Horváth A, Škodová-Sveráková I, Feder D, Yu Kostygov A, Yurchenko V. Intricate balance of dually-localized catalase modulates infectivity of Leptomonas seymouri (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae). Int J Parasitol 2024:S0020-7519(24)00077-8. [PMID: 38663543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nearly all aerobic organisms are equipped with catalases, powerful enzymes scavenging hydrogen peroxide and facilitating defense against harmful reactive oxygen species. In trypanosomatids, this enzyme was not present in the common ancestor, yet it had been independently acquired by different lineages of monoxenous trypanosomatids from different bacteria at least three times. This observation posited an obvious question: why was catalase so "sought after" if many trypanosomatid groups do just fine without it? In this work, we analyzed subcellular localization and function of catalase in Leptomonas seymouri. We demonstrated that this enzyme is present in the cytoplasm and a subset of glycosomes, and that its cytoplasmic retention is H2O2-dependent. The ablation of catalase in this parasite is not detrimental in vivo, while its overexpression resulted in a substantially higher parasite load in the experimental infection of Dysdercus peruvianus. We propose that the capacity of studied flagellates to modulate the catalase activity in the midgut of its insect host facilitates their development and protects them from oxidative damage at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubomíra Chmelová
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Natalya Kraeva
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Andreu Saura
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Adam Krayzel
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Cecilia Stahl Vieira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Tainá Neves Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Barbora Bučková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Arnau Galan
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Eva Horáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vojtková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jovana Sádlová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marina N Malysheva
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Galina Prokopchuk
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Alexander O Frolov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Anton Horváth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Denise Feder
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia, Niterói, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, Niterói, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexei Yu Kostygov
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia; Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia.
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2
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Gaudry A, Pagni M, Mehl F, Moretti S, Quiros-Guerrero LM, Cappelletti L, Rutz A, Kaiser M, Marcourt L, Queiroz EF, Ioset JR, Grondin A, David B, Wolfender JL, Allard PM. A Sample-Centric and Knowledge-Driven Computational Framework for Natural Products Drug Discovery. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:494-510. [PMID: 38559298 PMCID: PMC10979503 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ENPKG framework organizes large heterogeneous metabolomics data sets as a knowledge graph, offering exciting opportunities for drug discovery and chemodiversity characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gaudry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Moretti
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis-Manuel Quiros-Guerrero
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Luca Cappelletti
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Rutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical
and Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Grondin
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Torres-Jaramillo J, Blöcher R, Chacón-Vargas KF, Hernández-Calderón J, Sánchez-Torres LE, Nogueda-Torres B, Reyes-Arellano A. Synthesis of Antiprotozoal 2-(4-Alkyloxyphenyl)-Imidazolines and Imidazoles and Their Evaluation on Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3673. [PMID: 38612484 PMCID: PMC11012064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Twenty 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-imidazolines and 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-imidazoles were synthesized, with the former being synthesized in two steps by using MW and ultrasonication energy, resulting in good to excellent yields. Imidazoles were obtained in moderate yields by oxidizing imidazolines with MnO2 and MW energy. In response to the urgent need to treat neglected tropical diseases, a set of 2-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)- imidazolines and imidazoles was tested in vitro on Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma cruzi. The leishmanicidal activity of ten compounds was evaluated, showing an IC50 < 10 µg/mL. Among these compounds, 27-31 were the most active, with IC50 values < 1 µg/mL (similar to the reference drugs). In the evaluation on epimastigotes of T. cruzi, only 30 and 36 reached an IC50 < 1 µg/mL, showing better inhibition than both reference drugs. However, compounds 29, 33, and 35 also demonstrated attractive trypanocidal activities, with IC50 values < 10 µg/mL, similar to the values for benznidazole and nifurtimox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Torres-Jaramillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | - René Blöcher
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | | | - Jorge Hernández-Calderón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
| | - Luvia E. Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Nogueda-Torres
- Departamento de Parasitología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Alicia Reyes-Arellano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.T.-J.); (R.B.); (J.H.-C.)
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4
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Sifontes-Rodríguez S, Escalona-Montaño AR, Sánchez-Almaraz DA, Pérez-Olvera O, Aguirre-García MM. Detergent-free parasite transformation and replication assay for drug screening against intracellular Leishmania amastigotes. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 215:106847. [PMID: 37871728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by protozoan species in the genera Leishmania and Endotrypanum. Current antileishmanial drugs are limited due to adverse effects, variable efficacy, the development of resistant parasites, high cost, parenteral administration and lack of availability in endemic areas. Therefore, active searching for new antileishmanial drugs has been done for years, mainly by academia. Drug screening techniques have been a challenge since the intracellular localization of Leishmania amastigotes implies that the host cell may interfere with the quantification of the parasites and the final estimation of the effect. One of the procedures to avoid host cell interference is based on its detergent-mediated lysis and subsequent transformation of viable amastigotes into promastigotes, their proliferation and eventual quantification as an axenic culture of promastigotes. However, the use of detergent involves additional handling of cultures and variability. In the present work, cultures of intracellular amastigotes were incubated for 72 h at 26 °C after exposure to the test compounds and the transformation and proliferation of parasites took place without need of adding any detergent. The assay demonstrated clear differentiation of negative and positive controls (average Z´ = 0.75) and 50% inhibitory concentrations of compounds tested by this method and by the gold standard enumeration of Giemsa-stained cultures were similar (p = 0.5002) and highly correlated (r = 0.9707). This simplified procedure is less labor intensive, the probability of contamination and the experimental error are reduced, and it is appropriate for the automated high throughput screening of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sifontes-Rodríguez
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Alma Reyna Escalona-Montaño
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Daniel Andrés Sánchez-Almaraz
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Ofelia Pérez-Olvera
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - María Magdalena Aguirre-García
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, C.P. 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico.
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5
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Duffin RN, Andrews PC. Structure-activity effects in the anti-leishmanial activity of di-alkyl gallium quinolin-8-olates. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15848-15858. [PMID: 37828871 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Six (G1-G6) novel organogallium complexes of the general formula [Ga(R)2quin] (where R = Et, iPr, nBu, tBu, sBu and hexyl; quin = quinolin-8-olate, C9H6NO) have been synthesised and fully characterised. Single crystal X-ray diffraction shows the complexes adopt a five-coordinate geometry through dimerisation. Complexes G1-G5 were analytically pure and could undergo further biological analysis. [Ga(hex)2quin] G6 could not be satisfactorily purified and was excluded from biological assays. 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated the complexes are stable to hydrolysis over 24 hours in 'wet' d6-DMSO. Complexes G1-G5 were assessed for their anti-leishmanial activity towards three separate strains: L. major, L. amazonensis and L. donovani, with varied results toward the promastigote form. G1 and G2 were found to be the most selective with little to no toxicity towards mammalian cell lines. Amastigote invasion assays on the three strains showed that [Ga(nBu)2quin] G3 and [Ga(tBu)2quin] G4 gave the best all round anti-parasitic activity with percentage infection ranges of 1.50-3.00% and 3.25-7.50% respectively, with G3 out-performing the drug control amphotericin B in all three assays. The activity was found to correlate with lipophilicity and water solubility, with the most effective G3 proving the most lipophilic and least water soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah N Duffin
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Philip C Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
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6
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Kumar P, Mathew S, Gamage R, Bodkin F, Doyle K, Rossetti I, Wagnon I, Zhou X, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. From the Bush to the Brain: Preclinical Stages of Ethnobotanical Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Drug Discovery-An Australian Example. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11086. [PMID: 37446262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Australian rainforest is a rich source of medicinal plants that have evolved in the face of dramatic environmental challenges over a million years due to its prolonged geographical isolation from other continents. The rainforest consists of an inherent richness of plant secondary metabolites that are the most intense in the rainforest. The search for more potent and more bioavailable compounds from other plant sources is ongoing, and our short review will outline the pathways from the discovery of bioactive plants to the structural identification of active compounds, testing for potency, and then neuroprotection in a triculture system, and finally, the validation in an appropriate neuro-inflammatory mouse model, using some examples from our current research. We will focus on neuroinflammation as a potential treatment target for neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) for these plant-derived, anti-inflammatory molecules and highlight cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs (CSAIDs) as a better alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to treat neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payaal Kumar
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Rashmi Gamage
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Frances Bodkin
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Kerrie Doyle
- Indigenous Health Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ilaria Rossetti
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Ingrid Wagnon
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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7
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Porta EOJ, Ballari MS, Carlucci R, Wilkinson S, Ma G, Tekwani BL, Labadie GR. Systematic study of 1,2,3-triazolyl sterols for the development of new drugs against parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115378. [PMID: 37084599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of thirty 1,2,3-triazolylsterols, inspired by azasterols with proven antiparasitic activity, were prepared by a stereocontrolled synthesis. Ten of these compounds constitute chimeras/hybrids of 22,26-azasterol (AZA) and 1,2,3-triazolyl azasterols. The entire library was assayed against the kinetoplastid parasites Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Trypanosoma brucei, the causatives agents for visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and sleeping sickness, respectively. Most of the compounds were active at submicromolar/nanomolar concentrations with high selectivity index, when compared to their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Analysis of in silico physicochemical properties were conducted to rationalize the activities against the neglected tropical disease pathogens. The analogs with selective activity against L. donovani (E4, IC50 0.78 μM), T brucei (E1, IC50 0.12 μM) and T. cruzi (B1- IC50 0.33 μM), and the analogs with broad-spectrum antiparasitic activities against the three kinetoplastid parasites (B1 and B3), may be promising leads for further development as selective or broad-spectrum antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Exequiel O J Porta
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Sol Ballari
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Renzo Carlucci
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Shane Wilkinson
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Guoyi Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Guillermo R Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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8
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Gonçalves GEG, Oliveira S, de Souza Gomes K, Costa-Silva TA, Tempone AG, Lago JHG, Caseli L. Effect of partial O-methylation in dehydrodieugenol on its antitrypanosomal activity - correlation with the toxicity using cell membrane models. Biophys Chem 2023; 296:106975. [PMID: 36842251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Biseugenol (1), a neolignan with antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, was partially methylated, and the compound obtained - methyl biseugenol (2) - had its activity evaluated against the extracellular (trypomastigotes) and intracellular (amastigotes) forms of T. cruzi. It was observed that both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited similar effects against trypomastigotes (IC50 of 11.7 and 16.2 μM, respectively), whereas compound 2 displayed higher activity against amastigotes (IC50 = 8.2 μM) in comparison with biseugenol (IC50 = 15.4 μM). Additionally, reduced toxicity against NCTC cells for compound 2 was observed (CC50 > 200 μM), differently from compound 1 with CC50 = 58.0 μM. Aiming to understand better the molecular mechanism of the biological action of compound 2, the prodrug was incorporated into cellular membrane models constituted of Langmuir monolayers of the lipids dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG). The lipid-drug interaction was inferred through tensiometry, surface potential, infrared spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The prodrug expanded DPPC and DPPG monolayers and condensed DPPE ones, as well as presented characteristic behaviors regarding the chemical structure of the lipid considering expansion-compression curves, surface potential-area isotherms, and stability of previously compressed monolayers to relevant-biological surface pressures. PM-IRRAS indicated a molecular disorder for DPPC and DPPS alkyl chains in the presence of the drug. BAM revealed the presence of domains in the DPPG and DPPE monolayers, which was probably induced by the prodrug. These data suggest, in general, that the lipid composition modulates the interaction of compound 2, whose results are expected to correlate to its trypanocidal activity, which involves the plasma membrane of T. cruzi as the primary target, i.e., the first barrier that the compound should encounter to interact with the microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Oliveira
- Federal University of ABC, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Kaio de Souza Gomes
- Federal University of ABC, Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciano Caseli
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Carlucci R, Di Gresia G, Mediavilla MG, Cricco JA, Tekwani BL, Khan SI, Labadie GR. Expanding the scope of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives as new antiparasitic drug candidates. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:122-134. [PMID: 36760749 PMCID: PMC9890560 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00324d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that prenyl and aliphatic triazoles are interesting motifs to prepare new chemical entities for antiparasitic and antituberculosis drug development. In this opportunity a new series of prenyl-1,2,3-triazoles were prepared from isoprenyl azides and different alkynes looking for new antimalarial drug candidates. The compounds were prepared by copper(i) catalyzed dipolar cycloaddition of the isoprenyl azide equilibrium mixture providing exclusively 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in a regiospecific fashion. The complete collection of 64 compounds was tested on chloroquine-sensitive (CQ sensitive), Sierra Leone (D6), and the chloroquine-resistant, Indochina (W2), strains of Plasmodium falciparum and those compounds which were not previously reported were also tested against Leishmania donovani, the causative agent for visceral leishmaniasis. Thirteen analogs displayed antimalarial activity with IC50 below 10 μM, while the antileishmanial activity of the newly reported analogs could not improve upon those previously reported. Compounds 1o and 1r were identified as the most promising antimalarial drug leads with IC50 below 3.0 μM for both CQ-sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains with high selectivity index. Finally, a chemoinformatic in silico analysis was performed to evaluate physicochemical parameters, cytotoxicity risk and drug score. The validation of a bifunctional farnesyl/geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase PfFPPS/GGPPS as the potential target of the antimalarial activity of selected analogs should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Carlucci
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
| | - Gabriel Di Gresia
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
| | - María Gabriela Mediavilla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Julia A Cricco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Scientific Platforms, Southern Research Birmingham AL 35205 USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research & Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi University MS 38677 USA
| | - Guillermo R Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR) UNR, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
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10
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The Anti- Leishmania amazonensis and Anti- Leishmania chagasi Action of Copper(II) and Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Coordination Compounds. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010070. [PMID: 36678418 PMCID: PMC9865435 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus. Notably, the search for new, promising and potent anti-Leishmania compounds remains a major goal due to the inefficacy of the available drugs used nowadays. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) coordinated to silver(I), [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4 (Ag-phendione), and copper(II), [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2·4H2O (Cu-phendione), as potential drugs to be used in the chemotherapy against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi. The results showed that promastigotes treated with Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione presented a significant reduction in the proliferation rate. The IC50 values calculated to Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione, respectively, were 7.8 nM and 7.5 nM for L. amazonensis and 24.5 nM and 20.0 nM for L. chagasi. Microscopical analyses revealed several relevant morphological changes in promastigotes, such as a rounding of the cell body and a shortening/loss of the single flagellum. Moreover, the treatment promoted alterations in the unique mitochondrion of these parasites, inducing significant reductions on both metabolic activity and membrane potential parameters. All these cellular perturbations induced the triggering of apoptosis-like death in these parasites, as judged by the (i) increased percentage of annexin-positive/propidium iodide negative cells, (ii) augmentation in the proportion of parasites in the sub-G0/G1 phase and (iii) DNA fragmentation. Finally, the test compounds showed potent effects against intracellular amastigotes; contrarily, these molecules were well tolerated by THP-1 macrophages, which resulted in excellent selective index values. Overall, the results highlight new selective and effective drugs against Leishmania species, which are important etiological agents of both cutaneous (L. amazonensis) and visceral (L. chagasi) leishmaniasis in a global perspective.
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11
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In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticoccidial, and Anti-Inflammatory Study of Essential Oils of Oregano, Thyme, and Sage from Epirus, Greece. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111783. [PMID: 36362938 PMCID: PMC9693314 DOI: 10.3390/life12111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, Thymus vulgaris, and Salvia fructicosa are aromatic plants commonly found in Mediterranean countries and are traditionally used in Greece as a remedy for humans, since they are well known as potent antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory agents. Essential oils (EOs) derived from plants cultivated in the mountainous region of Epirus, Greece, were investigated for their inhibitory activity against key microorganisms with relevance to avian health, while also assessing their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the EOs was estimated according to the Folin−Ciocalteu method, while the antioxidant capacity was tested through the EOs’ ability to scavenge free radicals by means of the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects were examined by the agar disc diffusion method and the lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test, respectively. Furthermore, the EOs’ ability to inhibit the invasion of sporozoites of Eimeria tenella (Wisconsin strain) along with any toxic effects were assayed in Madin−Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was observed in descending order: oregano > thyme > sage. The antimicrobial effects of thyme and oregano were equivalent and higher than that of sage, while the anti-inflammatory effect of thyme was higher compared to both sage and oregano. The intracellular invasion of sporozoites was evaluated by the detection of E. tenella DNA by qPCR from cell monolayers harvested at 2 and 24 h post-infection. Parasite invasion was inhibited by the addition of oregano essential oil at the concentration of 100 μg/mL by 83% or 93% after 2 or 24 h, respectively, and was higher compared to the addition of thyme and sage, which had similar effects, but at a less intensive level. The cytotoxic assessment of all three essential oils revealed that they had no effect on MDBK cells compared to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), used as the control substance. The supplementation of oregano, thyme, and sage essential oils had a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticoccidial in vitro effect that is comparable to synthetic substances or approved drugs, justifying the need for further evaluation by in vivo studies in broilers reared in the absence of antimicrobial and anticoccidial drugs or synthetic antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory compounds.
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12
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Antileishmanial Activities of (
Z
)-2-(Nitroimidazolylmethylene)-3(
2H
)-Benzofuranones: Synthesis,
In Vitro
Assessment, and Bioactivation by NTR 1 and 2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0058322. [PMID: 36286539 PMCID: PMC9664859 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00583-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The antileishmanial activity of a series of (
Z
)-2-(heteroarylmethylene)-3(2
H
)-benzofuranone derivatives, possessing 5-nitroimidazole or 4-nitroimidazole moieties, was investigated against
Leishmania major
promastigotes and some analogues exhibited prominent activities. Compounds with IC
50
values lower than 20 μM were further examined against
L. donovani
axenic amastigotes.
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13
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Alpizar-Sosa EA, Ithnin NRB, Wei W, Pountain AW, Weidt SK, Donachie AM, Ritchie R, Dickie EA, Burchmore RJS, Denny PW, Barrett MP. Amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana: Alterations to sterol metabolism and oxidative stress response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010779. [PMID: 36170238 PMCID: PMC9581426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is increasingly used in treatment of leishmaniasis. Here, fourteen independent lines of Leishmania mexicana and one L. infantum line were selected for resistance to either amphotericin B or the related polyene antimicrobial, nystatin. Sterol profiling revealed that, in each resistant line, the predominant wild-type sterol, ergosta-5,7,24-trienol, was replaced by other sterol intermediates. Broadly, two different profiles emerged among the resistant lines. Whole genome sequencing then showed that these distinct profiles were due either to mutations in the sterol methyl transferase (C24SMT) gene locus or the sterol C5 desaturase (C5DS) gene. In three lines an additional deletion of the miltefosine transporter gene was found. Differences in sensitivity to amphotericin B were apparent, depending on whether cells were grown in HOMEM, supplemented with foetal bovine serum, or a serum free defined medium (DM). Metabolomic analysis after exposure to AmB showed that a large increase in glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway preceded cell death in cells sustained in HOMEM but not DM, indicating the oxidative stress was more significantly induced under HOMEM conditions. Several of the lines were tested for their ability to infect macrophages and replicate as amastigote forms, alongside their ability to establish infections in mice. While several AmB resistant lines showed reduced virulence, at least two lines displayed heightened virulence in mice whilst retaining their resistance phenotype, emphasising the risks of resistance emerging to this critical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edubiel A. Alpizar-Sosa
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Raihana Binti Ithnin
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Pountain
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefan K. Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Ritchie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. Dickie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. S. Burchmore
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Denny
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Calkilic NM, Alici H, Direkel Ş, Tahtaci H. Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical Analyses, and Investigation of Their Biological Activities of Acetovanillone-Derived Novel Benzyl Ethers. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1950782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakan Alici
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Şahin Direkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Hakan Tahtaci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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15
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Steverding D, do Nascimento LG, Perez-Castillo Y, de Sousa DP. Gallic Acid Alkyl Esters: Trypanocidal and Leishmanicidal Activity, and Target Identification via Modeling Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185876. [PMID: 36144611 PMCID: PMC9501172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight gallic acid alkyl esters (1−8) were synthesized via Fischer esterification and evaluated for their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity using bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and promastigotes of Leishmania major. The general cytotoxicity of the esters was evaluated with human HL-60 cells. The compounds displayed moderate to good trypanocidal but zero to low leishmanicidal activity. Gallic acid esters with alkyl chains of three or four carbon atoms in linear arrangement (propyl (4), butyl (5), and isopentyl (6)) were found to be the most trypanocidal compounds with 50% growth inhibition values of ~3 μM. On the other hand, HL-60 cells were less susceptible to the compounds, thus, resulting in moderate selectivity indices (ratio of cytotoxic to trypanocidal activity) of >20 for the esters 4−6. Modeling studies combining molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the trypanocidal mechanism of action of gallic acid alkyl esters could be related to the inhibition of the T. brucei alternative oxidase. This suggestion is supported by the observation that trypanosomes became immobile within minutes when incubated with the esters in the presence of glycerol as the sole substrate. These results indicate that gallic acid alkyl esters are interesting compounds to be considered for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (D.P.d.S.)
| | - Lázaro Gomes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Yunierkis Perez-Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Área de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170516, Ecuador
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (D.P.d.S.)
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16
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Pereira PS, Oliveira CVB, Maia AJ, Vega-Gomez MC, Rolón M, Coronel C, Duarte AE, Coutinho HDM, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Sadati SJA, Wilairatana P, Silva TG. Evaluation of the In Vitro Antiparasitic Effect of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon winterianus and Its Chemical Composition Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092753. [PMID: 35566105 PMCID: PMC9099579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon winterianus, known as “citronella grass”, is an important aromatic and medicinal tropical herbaceous plant. The essential oil of C. winterianus (EOCw) is popularly used to play an important role in improving human health due to its potential as a bioactive component. The present study aimed to identify the components of the essential oil of C. winterianus and verify its leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential, as well as the cytotoxicity in mammalian cells, in vitro. The EOCw had geraniol (42.13%), citronellal (17.31%), and citronellol (16.91%) as major constituents. The essential oil only exhibited significant cytotoxicity in mammalian fibroblasts at concentrations greater than 250 μg/mL, while regarding antipromastigote and antiepimastigote activities, they presented values considered clinically relevant, since both had LC50 < 62.5 μg/mL. It can be concluded that this is a pioneer study on the potential of the essential oil of C. winterianus and its use against the parasites T. cruzi and L. brasiliensis, and its importance is also based on this fact. Additionally, according to the results, C. winterianus was effective in presenting values of clinical relevance and low toxicity and, therefore, an indicator of popular use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silvino Pereira
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 54740-520, PE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Carlos Vinicius Barros Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Ana Josicleide Maia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Maria Celeste Vega-Gomez
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Miriam Rolón
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Cathia Coronel
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni, Manduvira 635, Asunción C.P. 1255, Paraguay; (M.C.V.-G.); (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Antônia Eliene Duarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (A.J.M.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 516661647, Iran;
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom 3736175513, Iran;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.S.P.); (H.D.M.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Artur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 54740-520, PE, Brazil;
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17
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Santos CC, Zhang H, Batista MM, de Oliveira GM, Demarque KC, da Silva NL, Moreira OC, Ogungbe IV, Soeiro MDNC. Phenotypic investigation of 4-nitrophenylacetyl- and 4-nitro-1 H-imidazoyl-based compounds as antileishmanial agents. Parasitology 2022; 149:490-495. [PMID: 35109958 PMCID: PMC11010507 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a spectrum of clinical manifestations characterized by severe skin ulcerations that leads to social stigma. There are limited treatment options for CL, and the available drugs are becoming less efficacious due to drug resistance. More efficacious and safer antileishmanial drugs are needed. In this study, the biological effect of seven synthetically accessible nitroaromatic compounds was evaluated in vitro against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, followed by in vivo evaluation using mouse models of CL. Two compounds (6 and 7) were active against amastigotes in vitro [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50): 4.57 ± 0.08 and 9.19 ± 0.68 μm, respectively], with selectivity indexes >50, and the other compounds were not selective. In vivo, compounds 6 and 7 (10 mg kg−1, twice a day for 14 days) failed to reduce skin lesion sizes and parasite loads determined by light microscopy of lesion imprints and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nevertheless, the in vitro leishmanicidal efficacy sustained their use as templates for nitroimidazole-based antileishmanial drug discovery programmes focusing on analogues with more suitable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C. Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Huaisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS39217-0510, USA
| | - Marcos M. Batista
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly C. Demarque
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natália L. da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otacílio C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), 21040-360Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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18
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Oliveira CVB, da Silva PAG, Tintino SR, Coronel CC, Gomez MCV, Rolón M, da Cunha FAB, Morais-Braga MFB, Coutinho HDM, Siyadatpanah A, Wilairatana P, Kamdem JP, Barros LM, Duarte AE, Pereira PS. A Potential New Source of Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: The Essential Oil of Rhaphiodon echinus. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072169. [PMID: 35408565 PMCID: PMC9000529 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Weeds are an important source of natural products; with promising biological activity. This study investigated the anti-kinetoplastida potential (in vitro) to evaluate the cytotoxicity (in vitro) and antioxidant capacity of the essential oil of Rhaphiodon echinus (EORe), which is an infesting plant species. The essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by reduction of the DPPH radical and Fe3+ ion. The clone Trypanosoma cruzi CL-B5 was used to search for anti-epimastigote activity. Antileishmanial activity was determined using promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/CW/88/UA301). NCTC 929 fibroblasts were used for the cytotoxicity test. The results showed that the main constituent of the essential oil was γ-elemene. No relevant effect was observed concerning the ability to reduce the DPPH radical; only at the concentration of 480 μg/mL did the essential oil demonstrate a high reduction of Fe3+ power. The oil was active against L. brasiliensis promastigotes; but not against the epimastigote form of T. cruzi. Cytotoxicity for mammalian cells was low at the active concentration capable of killing more than 70% of promastigote forms. The results revealed that the essential oil of R. echinus showed activity against L. brasiliensis; positioning itself as a promising agent for antileishmanial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Vinicius Barros Oliveira
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Patric Anderson Gomes da Silva
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (S.R.T.); (F.A.B.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Cathia Cecília Coronel
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Dıáz Gill, Manduvira 635, Asunción CP. 1255, Paraguay; (C.C.C.); (M.C.V.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Maria Celeste Vega Gomez
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Dıáz Gill, Manduvira 635, Asunción CP. 1255, Paraguay; (C.C.C.); (M.C.V.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Mírian Rolón
- Centro Para El Desarrollo De La Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Fundación Moisés Bertoni/Laboratorios Dıáz Gill, Manduvira 635, Asunción CP. 1255, Paraguay; (C.C.C.); (M.C.V.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (S.R.T.); (F.A.B.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (S.R.T.); (F.A.B.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (S.R.T.); (F.A.B.d.C.); (M.F.B.M.-B.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (A.S.); (P.W.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (A.S.); (P.W.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (A.S.); (P.W.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Luiz Marivando Barros
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Antonia Eliene Duarte
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
| | - Pedro Silvino Pereira
- Microscopy Laboratory, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), 1161 Cel. Antonio Luiz Avenue, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.V.B.O.); (P.A.G.d.S.); (J.P.K.); (L.M.B.); (A.E.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (A.S.); (P.W.); (P.S.P.)
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Ponte JMS, Seca AML, Barreto MC. Asparagopsis Genus: What We Really Know About Its Biological Activities and Chemical Composition. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061787. [PMID: 35335151 PMCID: PMC8948725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the genus Asparagopsis includes only two taxonomically accepted species, the published literature is unanimous about the invasive nature of this genus in different regions of the globe, and about the availability of large amounts of biomass for which it is important to find a commercial application. This review shows that extracts from Asparagospsis species have already been evaluated for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antifouling, cytotoxic, antimethanogenic and enzyme-inhibitory activity. However, the tables presented herein show, with few exceptions, that the activity level displayed is generally low when compared with positive controls. Studies involving pure compounds being identified in Asparagopsis species are rare. The chemical compositions of most of the evaluated extracts are unknown. At best, the families of the compounds present are suggested. This review also shows that the volatile halogenated compounds, fatty acids and sterols that are biosynthesized by the Asparagopsis species are relatively well known. Many other non-volatile metabolites (halogen compounds, flavonoids, other phenolic compounds) seem to be produced by these species, but their chemical structures and properties haven’been investigated. This shows how much remains to be investigated regarding the secondary-metabolite composition of these species, suggesting further studies following more targeted methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. S. Ponte
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Barreto
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-296-650183
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20
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Varela MT, Amaral M, Romanelli MM, de Castro Levatti EV, Tempone AG, Fernandes JPS. Optimization of physicochemical properties is a strategy to improve drug-likeness associated with activity: novel active and selective compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 171:106114. [PMID: 34986415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causing agent of Chagas disease, a parasitic infection without efficient treatment for chronic patients. Despite the efforts, no new drugs have been approved for this disease in the last 60 years. Molecular modifications based on a natural product led to the development of a series of compounds (LINS03 series) with promising antitrypanosomal activity, however previous chemometric analysis revealed a significant impact of excessive lipophilicity and low aqueous solubility on potency of amine and amide derivatives. Therefore, this work reports different modifications in the core structure to achieve adequate balance of the physicochemical properties along with biological activity. A set of 34 analogues were designed considering predicted properties related to lipophilicity/hydrosolubility and synthesized to assess their activity and selective toxicity towards the parasite. Results showed that this strategy contributed to improve the drug-likeness of the series while considerable impacts on potency were observed. The rational analysis of the obtained data led to the identification of seven active piperazine amides (28-34, IC50 8.7 to 35.3 µM against intracellular amastigotes), devoid of significant cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The addition of water-solubilizing groups and privileged substructures such as piperazines improved the physicochemical properties and overall drug-likeness of these compounds, increased potency and maintained selectivity towards the parasite. The obtained results brought important structure-activity relationship (SAR) data and new lead structures for further modifications were identified to achieve improved antitrypanosoma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T Varela
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema SP, Brazil
| | - Maiara Amaral
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maiara M Romanelli
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 01246-000 São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Erica V de Castro Levatti
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 01246-000 São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 351, 01246-000 São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau 210, 09913-030 Diadema SP, Brazil.
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21
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Bezerra JN, Gomez MCV, Rolón M, Coronel C, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Fidelis KR, Menezes SAD, Cruz RPD, Duarte AE, Ribeiro PRV, Brito ESD, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB, Bezerra CF. Chemical composition, Evaluation of Antiparasitary and Cytotoxic Activity of the essential oil of Psidium brownianum MART EX. DC. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Cohen A, Azas N. Challenges and Tools for In Vitro Leishmania Exploratory Screening in the Drug Development Process: An Updated Review. Pathogens 2021; 10:1608. [PMID: 34959563 PMCID: PMC8703296 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases caused by infection with the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Some of them, such as Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis, are zoonotic diseases transmitted from vertebrate to vertebrate by a hematophagous insect, the sand fly. As there is an endemic in more than 90 countries worldwide, this complex and major health problem has different clinical forms depending on the parasite species involved, with the visceral form being the most worrying since it is fatal when left untreated. Nevertheless, currently available antileishmanial therapies are significantly limited (low efficacy, toxicity, adverse side effects, drug-resistance, length of treatment, and cost), so there is an urgent need to discover new compounds with antileishmanial activity, which are ideally inexpensive and orally administrable with few side effects and a novel mechanism of action. Therefore, various powerful approaches were recently applied in many interesting antileishmanial drug development programs. The objective of this review is to focus on the very first step in developing a potential drug and to identify the exploratory methods currently used to screen in vitro hit compounds and the challenges involved, particularly in terms of harmonizing the results of work carried out by different research teams. This review also aims to identify innovative screening tools and methods for more extensive use in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cohen
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement), AP-HM (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Marseille), SSA (Service de Santé des Armées), VITROME (Vecteurs—Infections Tropicales et Méditerranéennes), 13005 Marseille, France;
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López-Arencibia A, Sifaoui I, Reyes-Batlle M, Bethencourt-Estrella CJ, San Nicolás-Hernández D, Lorenzo-Morales J, Piñero JE. Discovery of New Chemical Tools against Leishmania amazonensis via the MMV Pathogen Box. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1219. [PMID: 34959620 PMCID: PMC8708704 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes a spectrum of diseases and there are over 1 million infections each year. Current treatments are toxic, expensive, and difficult to administer, and resistance to them is emerging. In this study, we screened the antileishmanial activity of the Pathogen Box compounds from the Medicine for Malaria Venture against Leishmania amazonensis, and compared their structures and cytotoxicity. The compounds MMV676388 (3), MMV690103 (5), MMV022029 (7), MMV022478 (9) and MMV021013 (10) exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect on the proliferation of L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Moreover, studies on the mechanism of cell death showed that compounds 3 and 5 induced an apoptotic process while the compounds 7, 9 and 10 seem to induce an autophagic mechanism. The present findings underline the potential of these five molecules as novel therapeutic leishmanicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atteneri López-Arencibia
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Reyes-Batlle
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos J. Bethencourt-Estrella
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Desirée San Nicolás-Hernández
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Campus de Anchieta, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain; (I.S.); (M.R.-B.); (C.J.B.-E.); (D.S.N.-H.); (J.E.P.)
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red M.P. (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091074. [PMID: 34572656 PMCID: PMC8464673 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae), whose occurrence has already been registered in the most varied Brazilian biomes, is commonly found in the Chapada do Araripe, Ceará. The species is traditionally used to treat fungal, parasitic, and degenerative diseases. This study investigated the chemical composition and pharmacological potential (antioxidant, antifungal, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic) of an aqueous extract obtained from the roots of C. heliotropiifolius. Following a qualitative phytochemical screening, the chemical constituents were identified by ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography coupled witha quadrupole/time-of-flight system (UPLC-QTOF). The antioxidant potential was verified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The direct and combined antifungal activity of the extract against opportunistic Candida strains was investigated using the microdilution method. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by subculture, while the modulation of the morphological transition (fungal virulence) was evaluated by light microscopy. The in vitro antiparasitic activity was analyzed using epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum, while cytotoxicity was determined in cultures of mouse fibroblasts. The phytochemical analysis identified the presence of acids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Among these constituents, the presence of polar and non-polar phenolic compounds with known antioxidant action was highlighted. While the extract showed clinically ineffective antifungal effects, it could enhance the effectiveness of fluconazole, in addition to inhibiting the morphological transition associated with increased virulence in Candida strains. Although the extract showed low cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, it also had weak antiparasitic effects. In conclusion, Croton heliotropiifolius is a source of natural products with antifungal and antioxidant potential.
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Comprehensive In Silico Screening of the Antiviral Potentialities of a New Humulene Glucoside from Asteriscus hierochunticus against SARS-CoV-2. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic fractionation of the methanolic extract of Asteriscus hierochunticus whole plant led to the identification of a new humulene glucoside (1). The chemical structure of the isolated compound was elucidated by IR, 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data analysis to be (-)-(2Z,6E,9E)8α-hydroxy-2,6,9-humulatrien-1(12)-olide. In this study, we report the in silico binding affinities of 1 against four different SARS-CoV-2 proteins (COVID-19 main protease (PDB ID: 6lu7), nonstructural protein (PDB ID: 6W4H), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 7BV2), and SARS-CoV-2 helicase (PDB ID: 5RMM)). The isolated compound showed excellent binding affinity values (ΔG) of −21.65, −20.05, −28.93, and −21.73 kcal/mol, respectively, against the target proteins compared to the cocrystallized ligands that exhibited ΔG values of −23.75, −17.65, −23.57, and −15.30 kcal/mol, respectively. Further in silico investigations of the isolated compound (1) for its ADMET and toxicity profiles revealed excellent drug likeliness. On the other hand, the results obtained from in vitro antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, and antimalarial activities of (1) were not promising.
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Davies-Bolorunduro O, Osuolale O, Saibu S, Adeleye I, Aminah N. Bioprospecting marine actinomycetes for antileishmanial drugs: current perspectives and future prospects. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07710. [PMID: 34409179 PMCID: PMC8361068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Revived analysis interests in natural products in the hope of discovering new and novel antileishmanial drug leads have been driven partially by the increasing incidence of drug resistance. However, the search for novel chemotherapeutics to combat drug resistance had previously concentrated on the terrestrial environment. As a result, the marine environment was often overlooked. For example, actinomycetes are an immensely important group of bacteria for antibiotic production, producing two-thirds of the known antibiotics. However, these bacteria have been isolated primarily from terrestrial sources. Consequently, there have been revived efforts to discover new compounds from uncharted or uncommon environments like the marine ecosystem. Isolation, purification and structure elucidation of target compounds from complex metabolic extract are major challenges in natural products chemistry. As a result, marine-derived natural products from actinomycetes that have antileishmanial bioactivity potentials have been understudied. This review highlights metagenomic and bioassay approaches which could help streamline the drug discovery process thereby greatly reducing time and cost of dereplication to identify suitable antileishmanial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.F. Davies-Bolorunduro
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Postdoc Fellow Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
| | - O. Osuolale
- Applied Environmental Metagenomics and Infectious Diseases Research Group (AEMIDR), Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Nigeria
| | - S. Saibu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I.A. Adeleye
- Department of Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - N.S. Aminah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Kampus C UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
- Biotechnology of Tropical Medicinal Plants Research Group, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia
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Cytotoxicity of Essential Oil Cordia verbenaceae against Leishmania brasiliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154485. [PMID: 34361638 PMCID: PMC8348457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae), known as the whaling herb and camaradinha, is a perennial shrub species native to the Atlantic Forest. Its leaves are used in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcerogenic and curative agent, in the form of teas or infusions for internal or topical use. The present study aimed to verify the cytotoxicity of the essential oil and the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential of C. verbenacea. The essential oil was characterized by GC-MS. The in vitro biological activity was determined by anti-Leishmania and anti-Trypanosoma assays. The cytotoxixity was determined using mammalian fibroblasts. The C. verbenacea species presented α-pinene (45.71%), β-caryophyllene (18.77%), tricyclo[2,2,1-(2.6)]heptane (12.56%) as their main compounds. The essential oil exhibited strong cytotoxicity at concentrations below 250 μg/mL (LC50 138.1 μg/mL) in mammalian fibroblasts. The potent anti-trypanosome and anti-promastigote activities occurred from the concentration of 62.5 μg/mL and was considered clinically relevant. The results also demonstrate that at low concentrations (<62.5 μg/mL), the essential oil of C. verbenacea managed to be lethal for these activities. This can be considered an indication of the power used in daily human consumption. Therefore, it can be concluded that the essential oil of C. verbenacea contains a compound with remarkable antiparasitic activities and requires further research.
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Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė J, Becker HM, Smirnovienė J, Dubois LJ, Matulis D. Experimental Approaches to Identify Selective Picomolar Inhibitors for Carbonic Anhydrase IX. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3361-3384. [PMID: 33138744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201102112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) regulate pH homeostasis via the reversible hydration of CO2, thereby emerging as essential enzymes for many vital functions. Among 12 catalytically active CA isoforms in humans, CA IX has become a relevant therapeutic target because of its role in cancer progression. Only two CA IX inhibitors have entered clinical trials, mostly due to low affinity and selectivity properties. OBJECTIVE The current review presents the design, development, and identification of the selective nano- to picomolar CA IX inhibitors VD11-4-2, VR16-09, and VD12-09. METHODS AND RESULTS Compounds were selected from our database, composed of over 400 benzensulfonamides, synthesized at our laboratory, and tested for their binding to 12 human CAs. Here we discuss the CA CO2 hydratase activity/inhibition assay and several biophysical techniques, such as fluorescent thermal shift assay and isothermal titration calorimetry, highlighting their contribution to the analysis of compound affinity and structure- activity relationships. To obtain sufficient amounts of recombinant CAs for inhibitor screening, several gene cloning and protein purification strategies are presented, including site-directed CA mutants, heterologous CAs from Xenopus oocytes, and native endogenous CAs. The cancer cell-based methods, such as clonogenicity, extracellular acidification, and mass spectrometric gas-analysis are reviewed, confirming nanomolar activities of lead inhibitors in intact cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Novel CA IX inhibitors are promising derivatives for in vivo explorations. Furthermore, the simultaneous targeting of several proteins involved in proton flux upon tumor acidosis and the disruption of transport metabolons might improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kazokaitė-Adomaitienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Holger M Becker
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joana Smirnovienė
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Netherlands
| | - Daumantas Matulis
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Beltran-Hortelano I, Atherton RL, Rubio-Hernández M, Sanz-Serrano J, Alcolea V, Kelly JM, Pérez-Silanes S, Olmo F. Design and synthesis of Mannich base-type derivatives containing imidazole and benzimidazole as lead compounds for drug discovery in Chagas Disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113646. [PMID: 34182359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, the most important parasitic infection in Latin America. The only treatments currently available are nitro-derivative drugs that are characterised by high toxicity and limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective, less toxic therapeutic agents. We have previously identified the potential for Mannich base derivatives as novel inhibitors of this parasite. To further explore this family of compounds, we synthesised a panel of 69 new analogues, based on multi-parametric structure-activity relationships, which allowed optimization of both anti-parasitic activity, physicochemical parameters and ADME properties. Additionally, we optimized our in vitro screening approaches against all three developmental forms of the parasite, allowing us to discard the least effective and trypanostatic derivatives at an early stage. We ultimately identified derivative 3c, which demonstrated excellent trypanocidal properties, and a synergistic mode of action against trypomastigotes in combination with the reference drug benznidazole. Both its druggability and low-cost production make this derivative a promising candidate for the preclinical, in vivo assays of the Chagas disease drug-discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Beltran-Hortelano
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Richard L Atherton
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Mercedes Rubio-Hernández
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Sanz-Serrano
- Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Verónica Alcolea
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Universidad de Navarra, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Pharmacy and Nutrition Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Campus Universitario, 31080, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Olmo
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1 7HT, United Kingdom.
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Bar-Shai N, Sharabani-Yosef O, Zollmann M, Lesman A, Golberg A. Seaweed cellulose scaffolds derived from green macroalgae for tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11843. [PMID: 34088909 PMCID: PMC8178384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for cell growth, attachments and proliferation, which greatly impact cell fate. Marine macroalgae species Ulva sp. and Cladophora sp. were selected for their structural variations, porous and fibrous respectively, and evaluated as alternative ECM candidates. Decellularization-recellularization approach was used to fabricate seaweed cellulose-based scaffolds for in-vitro mammalian cell growth. Both scaffolds were confirmed nontoxic to fibroblasts, indicated by high viability for up to 40 days in culture. Each seaweed cellulose structure demonstrated distinct impact on cell behavior and proliferation rates. The Cladophora sp. scaffold promoted elongated cells spreading along its fibers' axis, and a gradual linear cell growth, while the Ulva sp. porous surface, facilitated rapid cell growth in all directions, reaching saturation at week 3. As such, seaweed-cellulose is an environmentally, biocompatible novel biomaterial, with structural variations that hold a great potential for diverse biomedical applications, while promoting aquaculture and ecological agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Bar-Shai
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Sharabani-Yosef
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546School of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meiron Zollmann
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546School of Mechanical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel ,grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Golberg
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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31
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Sádlová J, Podešvová L, Bečvář T, Bianchi C, Gerasimov ES, Saura A, Glanzová K, Leštinová T, Matveeva NS, Chmelová Ľ, Mlacovská D, Spitzová T, Vojtková B, Volf P, Yurchenko V, Kraeva N. Catalase impairs Leishmania mexicana development and virulence. Virulence 2021; 12:852-867. [PMID: 33724149 PMCID: PMC7971327 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1896830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase is one of the most abundant enzymes on Earth. It decomposes hydrogen peroxide, thus protecting cells from dangerous reactive oxygen species. The catalase-encoding gene is conspicuously absent from the genome of most representatives of the family Trypanosomatidae. Here, we expressed this protein from the Leishmania mexicana Β-TUBULIN locus using a novel bicistronic expression system, which relies on the 2A peptide of Teschovirus A. We demonstrated that catalase-expressing parasites are severely compromised in their ability to develop in insects, to be transmitted and to infect mice, and to cause clinical manifestation in their mammalian host. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that the presence of catalase is not compatible with the dixenous life cycle of Leishmania, resulting in loss of this gene from the genome during the evolution of these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Sádlová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Podešvová
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bečvář
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claretta Bianchi
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Evgeny S Gerasimov
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreu Saura
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Glanzová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leštinová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezhda S Matveeva
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ľubomíra Chmelová
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Mlacovská
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Spitzová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vojtková
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Kraeva
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Hameed H, King EFB, Doleckova K, Bartholomew B, Hollinshead J, Mbye H, Ullah I, Walker K, Van Veelen M, Abou-Akkada SS, Nash RJ, Horrocks PD, Price HP. Temperate Zone Plant Natural Products-A Novel Resource for Activity against Tropical Parasitic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:227. [PMID: 33800005 PMCID: PMC7998250 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-derived natural products for the treatment of tropical parasitic diseases often has ethnopharmacological origins. As such, plants grown in temperate regions remain largely untested for novel anti-parasitic activities. We describe here a screen of the PhytoQuest Phytopure library, a novel source comprising over 600 purified compounds from temperate zone plants, against in vitro culture systems for Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania mexicana, Trypanosoma evansi and T. brucei. Initial screen revealed 6, 65, 15 and 18 compounds, respectively, that decreased each parasite's growth by at least 50% at 1-2 µM concentration. These initial hits were validated in concentration-response assays against the parasite and the human HepG2 cell line, identifying hits with EC50 < 1 μM and a selectivity index of >10. Two sesquiterpene glycosides were identified against P. falciparum, four sterols against L. mexicana, and five compounds of various scaffolds against T. brucei and T. evansi. An L. mexicana resistant line was generated for the sterol 700022, which was found to have cross-resistance to the anti-leishmanial drug miltefosine as well as to the other leishmanicidal sterols. This study highlights the potential of a temperate plant secondary metabolites as a novel source of natural products against tropical parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Hameed
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Elizabeth F. B. King
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Katerina Doleckova
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Haddijatou Mbye
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
- MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, Banjul PO Box 273, The Gambia
| | - Imran Ullah
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Walker
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Maria Van Veelen
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
| | | | - Robert J. Nash
- PhytoQuest Limited, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK; (B.B.); (J.H.); (R.J.N.)
| | - Paul D. Horrocks
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Helen P. Price
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (H.H.); (E.F.B.K.); (K.D.); (H.M.); (I.U.); (M.V.V.)
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Vega Gomez MC, Rolón M, Coronel C, Pereira Carneiro JN, Lucas dos Santos AT, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Almeida de Menezes S, Everson da Silva L, Melo Coutinho HD, do Amaral W, Ribeiro-Filho J, Bezerra Morais-Braga MF. Antiparasitic effect of essential oils obtained from two species of Piper L. native to the Atlantic forest. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Development of new combination anti-leishmanial complexes: Triphenyl Sb(V) mono-hydroxy mono-quinolinolates. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111385. [PMID: 33894637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In seeking to develop single entity combination anti-Leishmanial complexes six heteropletic organometallic Sb(V) hydroxido quinolinolate complexes of general formula [SbPh3(C9H4NORR')(OH)] have been synthesised and characterised, derived from a series of halide substituted quinolinols (8-hydroxyquinolines). Single crystal X-ray diffraction on all the complexes show a common distorted six-coordinate octahedral environment at the Sb(V) centre, with the aryl groups and nitrogen atom of quinolinolate ligand bonding in the equatorial planes, with the two oxygen atoms (hydroxyl and quinolinolate) occupying the axial plane in an almost linear configuration. Each complex was tested for their anti-promastigote activity and mammalian cytotoxicity and a selectivity indices established. The complexes displayed excellent anti-promastigote activity (IC50: 2.03-3.39 μM) and varied mammalian cytotoxicity (IC50: 12.7-46.9 μM), leading to a selectivity index range of 4.52-16.7. All complexes displayed excellent anti-amastigote activity with a percentage infection range of 2.25%-9.00%. All complexes performed substantially better than the parent quinolinols and comparable carboxylate complexes [SbPh3(O2CRR')2] indicating the synergistic role of the Sb(V) and quinolinol moieties in increasing parasite mortality. Two of the complexes [SbPh3(C9H4NOBr2)(OH)] 4, [SbPh3(C9H4NOI2)(OH)] 5, provide an ideal combination of high selective and good activity towards the leishmanial amastigotes and offer the potential as good lead compounds.
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Silva AD, Ambrozin ARP, de Camargo AFS, Cruz FDPN, Ferreira LLG, Krogh R, Silva TL, Camargo ILBDC, Andricopulo AD, Vieira PC. Liquid Fungal Cocultivation as a Strategy to Access Bioactive Metabolites. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:187-195. [PMID: 32645738 DOI: 10.1055/a-1200-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are a rich source of bioactive compounds. Fungal cocultivation is a method of potentiating chemical interactions and, consequently, increasing bioactive molecule production. In this study, we evaluated the bactericidal, antiprotozoal, and cathepsin V inhibition activities of extracts from axenic cultures of 6 fungi (Fusarium guttiforme, Pestalotiopsis diospyri, Phoma caricae-papayae, Colletotrichum horii, Phytophthora palmivora, and C. gloeosporioides) that infest tropical fruits and 57 extracts obtained by their cocultivation. Our results reveal that fungal cocultivation enhances the biological activity of the samples, since all extracts that were active on Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania infantum were obtained from cocultivation. Bacterial growth is either totally or partially inhibited by 46% of the extracts. Two extracts containing mainly fusaric and 9,10-dehydrofusaric acids were particularly active. The presence of the fungus F. guttiforme in co-cultures that give rise to extracts with the highest activities against L. infantum. An axenic culture gave rise to the most active extract for the inhibition of cathepsin V; however, other coculture extracts also exhibited activity toward this biological target. Therefore, the results of the biological activities indicate that fungal cocultivation increased the biological potential of samples, likely due to the hostile and competitive environment that pushes microorganisms to produce substances important for defense and allows access to metabolic routes then silenced in milder cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airton Damasceno Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Renata Krogh
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Taynara Lopes Silva
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Cezar Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Antileishmanial macrolides from ant-associated Streptomyces sp. ISID311. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:116016. [PMID: 33493972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three antifungal macrolides cyphomycin (1), caniferolide C (2) and GT-35 (3) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. ISID311, a bacterial symbiont associated with Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ants. The planar structures of these compounds were established by 1 and 2D NMR data and MS analysis. The relative configurations of 1-3 were established using Kishi's universal NMR database method, NOE/ROE analysis and coupling constants analysis assisted by comparisons with NMR data of related compounds. Detailed bioinformatic analysis of cyphomycin biosynthetic gene cluster confirmed the stereochemical assignments. Compounds 1-3 displayed high antagonism against different strains of Escovopsis sp., pathogen fungi specialized to the fungus-growing ant system. Compounds 1-3 also exhibited potent antiprotozoal activity against intracellular amastigotes of the human parasite Leishmania donovani with IC50 values of 2.32, 0.091 and 0.073 µM, respectively, with high selectivity indexes.
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Mina JGM, Charlton RL, Alpizar-Sosa E, Escrivani DO, Brown C, Alqaisi A, Borsodi MPG, Figueiredo CP, de Lima EV, Dickie EA, Wei W, Coutinho-Silva R, Merritt A, Smith TK, Barrett MP, Rossi-Bergmann B, Denny PW, Steel PG. Antileishmanial Chemotherapy through Clemastine Fumarate Mediated Inhibition of the Leishmania Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:47-63. [PMID: 33291887 PMCID: PMC7802075 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current chemotherapeutics for leishmaniasis have multiple deficiencies, and there is a need for new safe, efficacious, and affordable medicines. This study describes a successful drug repurposing approach that identifies the over-the-counter antihistamine, clemastine fumarate, as a potential antileishmanial drug candidate. The screening for inhibitors of the sphingolipid synthase (inositol phosphorylceramide synthase, IPCS) afforded, following secondary screening against Leishmania major (Lmj) promastigotes, 16 active compounds. Further refinement through the dose response against LmjIPCS and intramacrophage L. major amastigotes identified clemastine fumarate with good activity and selectivity with respect to the host macrophage. On target engagement was supported by diminished sensitivity in a sphingolipid-deficient L. major mutant (ΔLmjLCB2) and altered phospholipid and sphingolipid profiles upon treatment with clemastine fumarate. The drug also induced an enhanced host cell response to infection indicative of polypharmacology. The activity was sustained across a panel of Old and New World Leishmania species, displaying an in vivo activity equivalent to the currently used drug, glucantime, in a mouse model of L. amazonensis infection. Overall, these data validate IPCS as an antileishmanial drug target and indicate that clemastine fumarate is a candidate for repurposing for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. M. Mina
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L. Charlton
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edubiel Alpizar-Sosa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology and Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas O. Escrivani
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christopher Brown
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Amjed Alqaisi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
| | - Maria Paula G. Borsodi
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia P. Figueiredo
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944-590 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle V. de Lima
- School of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21944-590 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emily A. Dickie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology and Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andy Merritt
- LifeArc, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, United Kingdom
| | - Terry K. Smith
- BSRC, Schools of Biology and Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology and Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul W. Denny
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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Cardoso Santos C, Meuser Batista M, Inam Ullah A, Rama Krishna Reddy T, Soeiro MDNC. Drug screening using shape-based virtual screening and in vitro experimental models of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2021; 148:98-104. [PMID: 33023678 PMCID: PMC11010133 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most disregarded tropical neglected disease with the occurrence of self-limiting ulcers and triggering mucosal damage and stigmatizing scars, leading to huge public health problems and social negative impacts. Pentavalent antimonials are the first-line drug for CL treatment for over 70 years and present several drawbacks in terms of safety and efficacy. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for non-invasive, non-toxic and potent drug candidates for CL. In this sense, we have implemented a shape-based virtual screening approach and identified a set of 32 hit compounds. In vitro phenotypic screenings were conducted using these hit compounds to check their potential leishmanicidal effect towards Leishmania amazonensis (L. amazonensis). Two (Cp1 and Cp2) out of the 32 compounds revealed promising antiparasitic activities, exhibiting considerable potency against intracellular amastigotes present in peritoneal macrophages (IC50 values of 9.35 and 7.25 μm, respectively). Also, a sterile cidality profile was reached at 20 μm after 48 h of incubation, besides a reasonable selectivity (≈8), quite similarly to pentamidine, a diamidine still in use clinically for leishmaniasis. Cp1 with an oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine scaffold and Cp2 with benzimidazole scaffold could be developed by lead optimization studies to enhance their leishmanicidal potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Cardoso Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), CEP21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Meuser Batista
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LBC), Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC/FIOCRUZ), CEP21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Asma Inam Ullah
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, UK
| | - Tummala Rama Krishna Reddy
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, College of Applied Health and Communities, University of East London, Stratford Campus, Water Lane, London, UK
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Mistry P, Chhabra R, Muke S, Narvekar A, Sathaye S, Jain R, Dandekar P. Fabrication and characterization of starch-TPU based nanofibers for wound healing applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 119:111316. [PMID: 33321573 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings have undergone continuous and substantial evolution over time. Modern bandage materials constitute of electrospun biopolymers that enable rapid and effective wound healing due to the high surface area to volume ratio of the electrospun nanofibers and their porous structure. In the present study, nanofibrous bandages, containing a blend of starch-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), were developed by using the electrospinning technique. The electrospun nanofibrous mats were subsequently crosslinked with varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde in order to increase their water stability and mechanical properties. The nanofibrous bandages were characterized for their structural properties using SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, as well as for their water retention ability, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), tensile strength and blood clotting efficiency. Cytotoxicity of the bandages was evaluated using human dermal fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the extent of wound healing enabled by the nanofibrous bandage was ascertained using Sprague-Dawley rats. The results revealed that the starch-TPU nanofibrous bandages facilitated enhanced wound-healing, as compared to the traditional dressing material, such as the cotton gauze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Mistry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohan Chhabra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Suraj Muke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aditya Narvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ratnesh Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
| | - Prajakta Dandekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of an Adamantyl-Based Phenyl Sulfonyl Acetamide against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Models of Leishmania amazonensis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01188-20. [PMID: 32928731 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01188-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic assay against Leishmania amazonensis in vitro and in vivo led to identification of an adamantyl-based phenyl sulfonyl acetamide (compound 1) as a promising antileishmanial agent. Compound 1 inhibited the growth of intracellular forms of L. amazonensis (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 4 μM) and exhibited low toxicity to host cells, with a selectivity index (SI) of >125. However, in a cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) mouse model, compound 1 did not reduce lesions and parasite load when administered as monotherapy or when given simultaneously with a suboptimal dose of miltefosine.
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Fernández de Luco J, Recio-Balsells AI, Ghiano DG, Bortolotti A, Belardinelli JM, Liu N, Hoffmann P, Lherbet C, Tonge PJ, Tekwani B, Morbidoni HR, Labadie GR. Exploring the chemical space of 1,2,3-triazolyl triclosan analogs for discovery of new antileishmanial chemotherapeutic agents. RSC Med Chem 2020; 12:120-128. [PMID: 34046604 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triclosan and isoniazid are known antitubercular compounds that have proven to be also active against Leishmania parasites. On these grounds, a collection of 37 diverse 1,2,3-triazoles based on the antitubercular molecules triclosan and 5-octyl-2-phenoxyphenol (8PP) were designed in search of novel structures with leishmanicidal activity and prepared using different alkynes and azides. The 37 compounds were assayed against Leishmania donovani, the etiological agent of leishmaniasis, yielding some analogs with activity at micromolar concentrations and against M. tuberculosis H37Rv resulting in scarce active compounds with an MIC of 20 μM. To study the mechanism of action of these catechols, we analyzed the inhibition activity of the library on the M. tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase (ENR) InhA, obtaining poor inhibition of the enzyme. The cytotoxicity against Vero cells was also tested, resulting in none of the compounds being cytotoxic at concentrations of up to 20 μM. Derivative 5f could be considered a valuable starting point for future antileishmanial drug development. The validation of a putative leishmanial InhA orthologue as a therapeutic target needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández de Luco
- Instituto de Química Rosario, UNR, CONICET Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
| | - Alejandro I Recio-Balsells
- Instituto de Química Rosario, UNR, CONICET Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
| | - Diego G Ghiano
- Instituto de Química Rosario, UNR, CONICET Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477
| | - Ana Bortolotti
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Santa Fe 3100 S2002KTR Rosario Argentina
| | - Juán Manuel Belardinelli
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Santa Fe 3100 S2002KTR Rosario Argentina
| | - Nina Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Pascal Hoffmann
- LSPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Christian Lherbet
- LSPCMIB, UMR-CNRS 5068, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794 USA
| | - Babu Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research & Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi MS 38677 USA
| | - Héctor R Morbidoni
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Santa Fe 3100 S2002KTR Rosario Argentina .,Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario, UNR, CONICET Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina +54 341 4370477 +54 341 4370477.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531 S2002LRK Rosario Argentina
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Pertino MW, F. de la Torre A, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Vega C, Rolón M, Coronel C, Rojas de Arias A, Leal López K, Carranza-Rosales P, Viveros Valdez E. Synthesis, trypanocidal and anti-leishmania activity of new triazole-lapachol and nor-lapachol hybrids. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mahmoud AB, Mäser P, Kaiser M, Hamburger M, Khalid S. Mining Sudanese Medicinal Plants for Antiprotozoal Agents. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 32581814 PMCID: PMC7295952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are major health hazards in developing countries. Annually, up to 30 million people are affected by either Chagas disease, African trypansomiasis or leishmaniasis, and more than 200 million by malaria. Most of the currently available drugs have drawbacks in terms of toxicity, limited oral availability, development of resistance, or non-affordability. Tropical plants of the arid zones are a treasure chest for the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites. This study aims to compile Sudanese medicinal plants, validate their antiprotozoal activities, and identify active molecules. We have performed a survey of medicinal plants of Sudan and selected 62 that are being used in Sudanese traditional medicine. From these, we collected materials such as leaves, stem, bark, or fruit. The plant materials were extracted in 70% ethanol and further fractionated by liquid-liquid partitioning using solvents of increasing polarity. This resulted in a library of 235 fractions. The library was tested in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (erythrocytic stages), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (bloodstream forms), Trypanosoma cruzi (intracellular amastigotes), and Leishmania donovani (axenic amastigotes). Active fractions were also tested for cytotoxicity. Of the 235 fractions, 125 showed growth inhibitory activity >80% at 10 μg/ml, and >50% at 2 μg/ml against at least one of the protozoan parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the most sensitive of the parasites, followed by T. b. rhodesiense and L. donovani. Only few hits were identified for T. cruzi, and these were not selective. Contrary to expectation based on phylogeny, but in agreement with previous results, a large number of extracts displayed mutual activity against T. brucei and P. falciparum. HPLC-based activity profiling for selected active extracts was performed to identify the bioactive principles. Active compounds identified by dereplication were guieranone A from Guiera senegalensis J.F.Gmel.; pseudosemiglabrin from Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC; ellagic acid and quercetin from Terminalia leiocarpa (DC.) Baill.; and catechin, ethyl gallate, and epicatechin gallate from Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. Also the extracts of Croton gratissimus var. gratissimus and Cuscuta hyalina Roth ex Schult. exhibited promising antitrypanosomatid activity. This assessment provides a comprehensive overview of Sudanese medicinal plants and supports the notion that they are a potential source of bioactive molecules against protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhalim Babiker Mahmoud
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sami Khalid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology, Omdurman, Sudan
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Saha A, Bhattacharjee A, Vij A, Das PK, Bhattacharya A, Biswas A. Evaluation of Modulators of cAMP-Response in Terms of Their Impact on Cell Cycle and Mitochondrial Activity of Leishmania donovani. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:782. [PMID: 32670055 PMCID: PMC7326082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the identification of novel cAMP binding effector molecules in Trypanosoma, the role of cAMP in kinetoplastida parasites gained an intriguing breakthrough. Despite earlier demonstrations of the role of cAMP in the survival of Leishmania during macrophage infection, there is essential need to specifically clarify the involvement of cAMP in various cellular processes in the parasite. In this context, we sought to gain a comprehensive understanding of the effect of cAMP analogs and cAMP-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on proliferation of log phase parasites. Administration of both hydrolyzable (8-pCPT-cAMP) and nonhydrolyzable analogs (Sp-8-pCPT-cAMPS) of cAMP resulted in a significant decrease of Leishmania proliferation. Among the various PDE inhibitors, etazolate was found to be potently antiproliferative. BrdU cell proliferation and K/N/F-enumeration microscopic study revealed that both cAMP analogs and selective PDE inhibitors resulted in significant cell cycle arrest at G1 phase with reduced S-phase population. Furthermore, careful examination of the flagellar motility patterns revealed significantly reduced coordinated forward flagellar movement of the promastigotes with a concomitant decrease in cellular ATP levels. Alongside, 8-pCPT-cAMP and PDE inhibitors etazolate and trequinsin showed marked reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment of etazolate at subcytotoxic concentration to infected macrophages significantly reduced parasite burden, and administration of etazolate to Leishmania-infected BALB/c mice showed reduced liver and spleen parasite burden. Collectively, these results imply involvement of cAMP in various crucial processes paving the avenue for developing potent antileishmanial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Saha
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
| | - Amit Vij
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Pijush K. Das
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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Steverding D, Sidjui LS, Ferreira ÉR, Ngameni B, Folefoc GN, Mahiou-Leddet V, Ollivier E, Stephenson GR, Storr TE, Tyler KM. Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of six limonoids. J Nat Med 2020; 74:606-611. [PMID: 32277328 PMCID: PMC7253382 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-020-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Six limonoids [kotschyienone A and B (1, 2), 7-deacetylgedunin (3), 7-deacetyl-7-oxogedunin (4), andirobin (5) and methyl angolensate (6)] were investigated for their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities using bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei and promastigotes of Leishmania major. Whereas all compounds showed anti-trypanosomal activity, only compounds 1–4 displayed anti-leishmanial activity. The 50% growth inhibition (GI50) values for the trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity of the compounds ranged between 2.5 and 14.9 μM. Kotschyienone A (1) was found to be the most active compound with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 10 μM and GI50 values between 2.5 and 2.9 μM. Only compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells with MIC and GI50 values of 100 μM and 31.5–46.2 μM, respectively. Compound 1 was also found to show activity against intracellular amastigotes of L. major with a GI50 value of 1.5 μM. The results suggest that limonoids have potential as drug candidates for the development of new treatments against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Steverding
- Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
| | - Lazare S Sidjui
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, P.O. Box 13033, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Éden Ramalho Ferreira
- BioMedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bathelemy Ngameni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Gabriel N Folefoc
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Valérie Mahiou-Leddet
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | - Evelyne Ollivier
- Aix-Marseille University, Avignon University, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, FAC PHARM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas E Storr
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Kevin M Tyler
- BioMedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Antiprotozoal investigation of three Combretum species (Combretaceae) growing in Nigeria. HERBA POLONICA 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction:
Combretum species has been utilised for decades in African indigenous medical practices for the treatment of several parasitic infections.
Objectives: This study aims at investigating the antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal properties of Combretum racemosum, Combretum platypterum and Combretum zenkeri.
Methods: The leaf extracts of the plants were screened against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum using Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay; promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani; and Trypanosoma brucei brucei using Alamar Blue assay. Cytotoxicity screening were also carried out on African green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) and human monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell lines.
Results:
C. racemosum was active against chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of P. falciparum (IC50 of 25.6 and 26.7 µg/ml, respectively) and exerted significant antiprotozoal activities against T. brucei brucei (IC50 = 18.44 µg/ml). The extract of C. platypterum displayed a slightly lower antiplasmodial activity when compared to C. racemosum, while C. zenkeri was inactive against the parasites. In addition, the extracts failed to display significant inhibitory activity on the proliferation of L. donovani.
Conclusions: This study supports the ethnomedicinal use of C. racemosum. Further research needs to be carried out to identify the antiprotozoal compounds in C. racemosum, as this could be explored for possible antiprotozoal drug development.
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Morais TR, Conserva GAA, Varela MT, Costa-Silva TA, Thevenard F, Ponci V, Fortuna A, Falcão AC, Tempone AG, Fernandes JPS, Lago JHG. Improving the drug-likeness of inspiring natural products - evaluation of the antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi through semi-synthetic and simplified analogues of licarin A. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5467. [PMID: 32214193 PMCID: PMC7096397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolignan licarin A (1) was isolated from leaves of Nectandra oppositifolia (Lauraceae) and displayed activity against trypomastigote forms of the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis, Trypanosoma cruzi. Aiming for the establishment of SAR, five different compounds (1a - 1e) were prepared and tested against T. cruzi. The 2-allyl derivative of licarin A (1d) exhibited higher activity against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (IC50 = 5.0 μM and SI = 9.0), while its heterocyclic derivative 1e displayed IC50 of 10.5 μM and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (SI > 19.0). However, these compounds presented limited oral bioavailability estimation (<85%, Papp <1.0 × 10-6 cm/s) in parallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPA) due to excessive lipophilicity. Based on these results, different simplified structures of licarin A were designed: vanillin (2), vanillyl alcohol (3), isoeugenol (4), and eugenol (5), as well as its corresponding methyl (a), acetyl (b), O-allyl (c), and C-allyl (d) analogues. Vanillin (2) and its acetyl derivative (2b) displayed expressive activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi with IC50 values of 5.5 and 5.6 μM, respectively, and reduced toxicity against NCTC cells (CC50 > 200 μM). In addition, these simplified analogues showed a better permeability profile (Papp > 1.0 × 10-6 cm/s) on PAMPA models, resulting in improved drug-likeness. Vanillyl alcohol acetyl derivative (3b) and isoeugenol methyl derivative (4a) displayed activity against the extracellular forms of T. cruzi (trypomastigotes) with IC50 values of 5.1 and 8.8 μM respectively. Based on these results, compounds with higher selectivity index against extracellular forms of the parasite (1d, 1e, 3d, and 4a) were selected for a mechanism of action study. After a short incubation period (1 h) all compounds increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of trypomastigotes, suggesting cellular oxidative stress. The ATP levels were increased after two hours of incubation, possibly involving a high energy expenditure of the parasite to control the homeostasis. Except for compound 4a, all compounds induced hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating a mitochondrial imbalance. Considering the unique mitochondria apparatus of T. cruzi and the lethal alterations induced by structurally based on licarin A, these compounds are interesting hits for future drug discovery studies in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Morais
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Geanne A Alves Conserva
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Marina T Varela
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Thais A Costa-Silva
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Thevenard
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ponci
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar C Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-370, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andre G Tempone
- Centre for Parasitology and Mycology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - João Paulo S Fernandes
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - João Henrique G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil.
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Phumee A, Jariyapan N, Chusri S, Hortiwakul T, Mouri O, Gay F, Limpanasithikul W, Siriyasatien P. Determination of anti-leishmanial drugs efficacy against Leishmania martiniquensis using a colorimetric assay. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 9:e00143. [PMID: 32300665 PMCID: PMC7153290 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autochthonous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania martiniquensis cases in Thailand have dramatically increased in the recent years. L. martiniquensis infection primarily occurs in immunocompromised patients, especially AIDS patients. In Thailand, amphotericin B is the only drug available for leishmaniasis treatment, and some patients relapse after amphotericin B therapy. Moreover, the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs against L. martiniquensis has not been evaluated to date. In this study, we determined the efficacy of various anti-leishmanial drugs against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages of L. martiniquensis using a colorimetric assay. Two strains (CU1 and CU1R1) were isolated from leishmaniasis HIV co-infected patient from Songkhla province, southern Thailand. The CU1 strain was isolated from the patient in 2011, and CU1R1 was isolated from the same patient in 2013, when he was diagnosed as relapse leishmaniasis. The third strain (LSCM1) used in this study has been isolated from immunocompetent patient from Lamphun province, northern Thailand. All strains were identified as L. martiniquensis by sequencing of ribosomal RNA ITS-1 and large subunit of RNA polymerase II gene. Bioassays have been conducted both with promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages of the parasite. All L. martiniquensis strains have been tested against amphotericin B, miltefosine and pentamidine to determine the efficacy of the drugs against the parasite by using a PrestoBlue. The efficacy of miltefosine and pentamidine exhibit no significant difference between each stage of L. martiniquensis among all strains. Surprisingly, the promastigote and intracellular amastigote of the CU1R1 isolate, which was isolated from a relapsed patient after amphotericin B treatment, exhibited a two-fold increased inhibitory concentration (IC50) against amphotericin B compared with other strains, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, intracellular amastigotes isolated from CU1R1 exhibited slightly increased susceptibility to amphotericin B compared with the promastigote (p < 0.05). The result of this experiment is a scientific evident to support that in case of relapsed leishmaniasis caused by L. martiniquensis, increasing dosage of amphotericin B is essential. Moreover, this study also determined efficacy of other anti-leishmanial drugs for treatment the leishmaniasis in Thailand in case of these drugs are available in the country and the clinicians should have alternative drugs for treatment leishmaniasis in Thailand apart from amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atchara Phumee
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narissara Jariyapan
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranyou Chusri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Hortiwakul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Oussama Mouri
- Sorbonne Universite - Faculty of Medicine, AP-HP - Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Frederick Gay
- Sorbonne Universite - Faculty of Medicine, AP-HP - Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Disease Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Dar MJ, McElroy CA, Khan MI, Satoskar AR, Khan GM. Development and evaluation of novel miltefosine-polyphenol co-loaded second generation nano-transfersomes for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:97-110. [PMID: 31786952 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that miltefosine (MTF)-polyphenol co-loaded second-generation nano-transfersomes (SGNTs) can be an effective approach for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).Methods: The co-loaded SGNTs with various MTF-polyphenol combinations were developed, evaluated and compared for the entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, deformability index, ex-vivo permeation, cytotoxicity, and anti-leishmanial potential, using both in-vitro and in-vivo models.Results: The co-loaded SGNTs were spherical in shape, with an average size of 119 ± 1.5 nm and a high entrapment efficiency of 73.7 ± 3.7%. The ex-vivo study displayed a 3.2-fold higher permeation of MTF when entrapped in co-loaded SGNTs, whereas cytotoxicity potential of co-loaded SGNTs was 43.2% higher than the MTF solution. A synergistic interaction was observed between MTF and apigenin (APG) among all polyphenols and an 8.0-fold lower IC50 was found against amastigotes of DsRed Leishmania mexicana, compared with the plain MTF solution. Moreover, the in-vivo studies displayed a 9.5-fold reduced parasitic burden in the L. mexicana infected BALB/c mice treated with MTF-APG co-loaded SGNTs gel.Conclusions: The potential of MTF-APG co-loaded SGNTs topical formulation is established for the first time as an effective drug delivery strategy against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Craig A McElroy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Division, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Ijaz Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abhay R Satoskar
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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50
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Koutsoni OS, Karampetsou K, Dotsika E. In vitro Screening of Antileishmanial Activity of Natural Product Compounds: Determination of IC 50, CC 50 and SI Values. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3410. [PMID: 33654910 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases gain the scientific interest of numerous research programs in an attempt to achieve their effective control or elimination. In this attempt, more cutting-edge public health policies and research are needed for the discovery of new, safer and effective drugs originated from natural products. Here, we describe protocols for the in vitro screening of a natural product-derived compound required for the determination of its antileishmanial potency. For this purpose, the Total Phenolic Fraction (TPF) derived from extra virgin olive oil is evaluated through the in vitro cell culture method against extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote Leishmania spp. forms. The aim of this article is to describe a step-by-step procedure that can be easily applied to accurately estimate the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and the selectivity index (SI) via the resazurin reduction assay. These protocols are based on the ability of resazurin (oxidized blue form) to be irreversibly reduced by enzymes in viable cells and generate a red fluorescent resorufin product and can be easily expanded to the investigation of the antimicrobial activity in other microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Koutsoni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & National Reference Laboratory for Leishmaniasis, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias av., 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karampetsou
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & National Reference Laboratory for Leishmaniasis, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias av., 11521 Athens, Greece.,Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Dotsika
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology & National Reference Laboratory for Leishmaniasis, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vass. Sofias av., 11521 Athens, Greece
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