1
|
Henkensmeier D, Cho WC, Jannasch P, Stojadinovic J, Li Q, Aili D, Jensen JO. Separators and Membranes for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38669641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) uses diaphragms to separate anode and cathode and is operated with 5-7 M KOH feed solutions. The ban of asbestos diaphragms led to the development of polymeric diaphragms, which are now the state of the art material. A promising alternative is the ion solvating membrane. Recent developments show that high conductivities can also be obtained in 1 M KOH. A third technology is based on anion exchange membranes (AEM); because these systems use 0-1 M KOH feed solutions to balance the trade-off between conductivity and the AEM's lifetime in alkaline environment, it makes sense to treat them separately as AEM WE. However, the lifetime of AEM increased strongly over the last 10 years, and some electrode-related issues like oxidation of the ionomer binder at the anode can be mitigated by using KOH feed solutions. Therefore, AWE and AEM WE may get more similar in the future, and this review focuses on the developments in polymeric diaphragms, ion solvating membranes, and AEM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Henkensmeier
- Hydrogen · Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chul Cho
- Department of Future Energy Convergence, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Aili
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Oluf Jensen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujigaya T. Development of polymer-wrapping methods for functionalization of carbon materials. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Hu X, Liu M, Huang Y, Liu L, Li N. Sulfonate-functionalized polybenzimidazole as ion-solvating membrane toward high-performance alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
4
|
Abstract
![]()
This Review provides an overview
of the emerging concepts of catalysts,
membranes, and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for water electrolyzers
with anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), also known as zero-gap alkaline
water electrolyzers. Much of the recent progress is due to improvements
in materials chemistry, MEA designs, and optimized operation conditions.
Research on anion-exchange polymers (AEPs) has focused on the cationic
head/backbone/side-chain structures and key properties such as ionic
conductivity and alkaline stability. Several approaches, such as cross-linking,
microphase, and organic/inorganic composites, have been proposed to
improve the anion-exchange performance and the chemical and mechanical
stability of AEMs. Numerous AEMs now exceed values of 0.1 S/cm (at
60–80 °C), although the stability specifically at temperatures
exceeding 60 °C needs further enhancement. The oxygen evolution
reaction (OER) is still a limiting factor. An analysis of thin-layer
OER data suggests that NiFe-type catalysts have the highest activity.
There is debate on the active-site mechanism of the NiFe catalysts,
and their long-term stability needs to be understood. Addition of
Co to NiFe increases the conductivity of these catalysts. The same
analysis for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) shows carbon-supported
Pt to be dominating, although PtNi alloys and clusters of Ni(OH)2 on Pt show competitive activities. Recent advances in forming
and embedding well-dispersed Ru nanoparticles on functionalized high-surface-area
carbon supports show promising HER activities. However, the stability
of these catalysts under actual AEMWE operating conditions needs to
be proven. The field is advancing rapidly but could benefit through
the adaptation of new in situ techniques, standardized evaluation
protocols for AEMWE conditions, and innovative catalyst-structure
designs. Nevertheless, single AEM water electrolyzer cells have been
operated for several thousand hours at temperatures and current densities
as high as 60 °C and 1 A/cm2, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiying Du
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.,Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Claudie Roy
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.,National Research Council of Canada, 2620 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario L5K 1B1, Canada
| | - Retha Peach
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstaße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthew Turnbull
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.,Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Simon Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstaße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bock
- National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.,Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasrollahi N, Ghalamchi L, Vatanpour V, Khataee A, Yousefpoor M. Novel polymeric additives in the preparation and modification of polymeric membranes: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
|
7
|
Seng LK, Masdar MS, Shyuan LK. Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:728. [PMID: 34677494 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing world energy demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels has initiated explorations for sustainable and green energy sources. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are viewed as promising materials in fuel cell technology due to several advantages, namely improved kinetic of both electrodes, higher tolerance for carbon monoxide (CO) and low crossover and wastage. Recent technology developments showed phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes most suitable for the production of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, drawbacks caused by leaching and condensation on the phosphate groups hindered the application of the PA-PBI membranes. By phosphate anion adsorption on Pt catalyst layers, a higher volume of liquid phosphoric acid on the electrolyte-electrode interface and within the electrodes inhibits or even stops gas movement and impedes electron reactions as the phosphoric acid level grows. Therefore, doping techniques have been extensively explored, and recently ionic liquids (ILs) were introduced as new doping materials to prepare the PA-PBI membranes. Hence, this paper provides a review on the use of ionic liquid material in PA-PBI membranes for HT-PEMFC applications. The effect of the ionic liquid preparation technique on PA-PBI membranes will be highlighted and discussed on the basis of its characterization and performance in HT-PEMFC applications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Z, Zholobko O, Wu X, Aulich T, Thakare J, Hurley J. Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells: Current Status and Prospects. Energies 2021; 14:135. [DOI: 10.3390/en14010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) expect a promising future in addressing the major problems associated with production and consumption of renewable energies and meeting the future societal and environmental needs. Design and fabrication of new proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and durability is crucial to overcome the drawbacks of the present PEMs. Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) carry high proton conductivity and long-term thermal, chemical, and structural stabilities are recognized as the suited polymeric materials for next-generation PEMs of high-temperature fuel cells in place of Nafion® membranes. This paper aims to review the recent developments in acid-doped PBI-based PEMs for use in PEMFCs. The structures and proton conductivity of a variety of acid-doped PBI-based PEMs are discussed. More recent development in PBI-based electrospun nanofiber PEMs is also considered. The electrochemical performance of PBI-based PEMs in PEMFCs and new trends in the optimization of acid-doped PBIs are explored.
Collapse
|
9
|
Konovalova A, Stock D, Schröder S, Park HS, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Han J, Schröder D, Henkensmeier D. Partially methylated polybenzimidazoles as coating for alkaline zinc anodes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
Yuda A, Ashok A, Kumar A. A comprehensive and critical review on recent progress in anode catalyst for methanol oxidation reaction. Catalysis Reviews 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1802811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afdhal Yuda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anchu Ashok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim MS, Song JH, Kim DK. Development of Optimal Conditioning Method to Improve Economic Efficiency of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells. Energies 2020; 13:2831. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an economical conditioning method for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells through a parametric study investigating the factors affecting online conditioning methods. First, we compared the operating conditions between constant current (CC) mode and constant voltage (CV) mode conditioning to understand the effects of current and potential differences on conditioning. We found that CV mode conditioning is at least one hour faster at the same load. This is because unlike CV mode conditioning, which has a constant load over the entire range of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), CC mode conditioning features current flow through the existing passage of the pre-activated triple phase boundary of the MEA so that the electronic load is not entirely used in the conditioning process. Second, the optimization of CV mode conditioning was conducted by controlling the conditioning temperature. Lastly, the economics of the proposed method were analyzed by comparing it with existing conditioning methods. Using this optimal conditioning method can reduce the consumption of hydrogen during conditioning by ~87.5% compared to previous methods. The findings from this study provide the means to lower the actual production cost of fuel cells, thereby ensuring market access.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wang Q, Wan L, Han Y, Hong Y, Huang L, Yang X, Wang Y, Zaghib K, Zhou Z. KOH-doped polybenzimidazole membrane for direct hydrazine fuel cell. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 563:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Aili D, Kraglund MR, Tavacoli J, Chatzichristodoulou C, Jensen JO. Polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone blend membranes as electrolytes in alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
14
|
Li J, Wang S, Liu F, Chen H, Wang X, Mao T, Wang D, Liu G, Wang Z. Flame-retardant AEMs based on organic-inorganic composite polybenzimidazole membranes with enhanced hydroxide conductivity. J Memb Sci 2019; 591:117306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Babcock E, Szekely N, Konovalova A, Lin Y, Appavou M, Mangiapia G, Revay Z, Stieghorst C, Holderer O, Henkensmeier D, Lehnert W, Carmo M. Using neutron methods SANS and PGAA to study evolution of structure and composition of alkali-doped polybenzimidazole membranes. J Memb Sci 2019; 577:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Konovalova A, Kim H, Kim S, Lim A, Park HS, Kraglund MR, Aili D, Jang JH, Kim H, Henkensmeier D. Blend membranes of polybenzimidazole and an anion exchange ionomer (FAA3) for alkaline water electrolysis: Improved alkaline stability and conductivity. J Memb Sci 2018; 564:653-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
17
|
Bakangura E, He Y, Ge X, Zhu Y, Wu L, Ran J, Cheng C, Emmanuel K, Yang Z, Xu T. Tetrazole tethered polymers for alkaline anion exchange membranes. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018; 12:306-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-017-1690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Fujigaya T, Saito C, Han Z, Nakashima N. Ionomer Grafting to Polymer-wrapped Carbon Nanotubes for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012
| | - Chiori Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
| | - Ziyi Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Diaz L, Coppola R, Abuin G, Escudero-cid R, Herranz D, Ocón P. Alkali-doped polyvinyl alcohol – Polybenzimidazole membranes for alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2017; 535:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Shin DW, Guiver MD, Lee YM. Hydrocarbon-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes: Importance of Morphology on Ion Transport and Membrane Stability. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4759-4805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Shin
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael D. Guiver
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- State
Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Young Moo Lee
- Department
of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Tuan CM, Kim D. Anion-exchange membranes based on poly(arylene ether ketone) with pendant quaternary ammonium groups for alkaline fuel cell application. J Memb Sci 2016; 511:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Zeng L, Zhao T, An L, Zhao G, Yan X. Physicochemical properties of alkaline doped polybenzimidazole membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
25
|
Aili D, Hansen MK, Andreasen JW, Zhang J, Jensen JO, Bjerrum NJ, Li Q. Porous poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes for alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2015; 493:589-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
26
|
Aili D, Jankova K, Li Q, Bjerrum NJ, Jensen JO. The stability of poly(2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole) membranes in aqueous potassium hydroxide. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Herbst DC, Witten TA, Tsai TH, Coughlin EB, Maes AM, Herring AM. Water uptake profile in a model ion-exchange membrane: Conditions for water-rich channels. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Herbst
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
USA
| | - Thomas A. Witten
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics,
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
USA
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
01003, USA
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
01003, USA
| | - Ashley M. Maes
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| | - Andrew M. Herring
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This review covers recent advancements and future perspectives of AEMs for energy conversion and storage systems such as fuel cells and redox flow batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Maurya
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 500-712
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 500-712
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yekyung Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 500-712
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeon Moon
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)
- Gwangju 500-712
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou X, Zhao T, An L, Wei L, Zhang C. The use of polybenzimidazole membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries leading to increased coulombic efficiency and cycling performance. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
31
|
Katzfuß A, Poynton S, Varcoe J, Gogel V, Storr U, Kerres J. Methylated polybenzimidazole and its application as a blend component in covalently cross-linked anion-exchange membranes for DMFC. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Aili D, Allward T, Alfaro SM, Hartmann-thompson C, Steenberg T, Hjuler HA, Li Q, Jensen JO, Stark EJ. Polybenzimidazole and sulfonated polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane composite membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2014; 140:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Lei M, Wang J, Li JR, Wang YG, Tang HL, Wang WJ. Emerging methanol-tolerant AlN nanowire oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6013. [PMID: 25110200 DOI: 10.1038/srep06013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Replacing precious and nondurable Pt catalysts with cheap materials is a key issue for commercialization of fuel cells. In the case of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), the methanol tolerance is also an important concern. Here, we develop AlN nanowires with diameters of about 100–150 nm and the length up to 1 mm through crystal growth method. We find it is electrochemically stable in methanol-contained alkaline electrolyte. This novel material exhibits pronounced electrocatalytic activity with exchange current density of about 6.52 × 10−8 A/cm2. The single cell assembled with AlN nanowire cathodic electrode achieves a power density of 18.9 mW cm−2. After being maintained at 100 mA cm−2 for 48 h, the AlN nanowire-based single cell keeps 92.1% of the initial performance, which is in comparison with 54.5% for that assembled with Pt/C cathode. This discovery reveals a new type of metal nitride ORR catalyst that can be cheaply produced from crystal growth method.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jheng L, Hsu SL, Lin B, Hsu Y. Quaternized polybenzimidazoles with imidazolium cation moieties for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2014; 460:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Fujigaya T, Kim C, Matsumoto K, Nakashima N. Palladium-Based Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Using KOH-Doped Polybenzimidazole as the Electrolyte. Chempluschem 2014; 79:400-405. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Aili D, Hansen MK, Renzaho RF, Li Q, Christensen E, Jensen JO, Bjerrum NJ. Heterogeneous anion conducting membranes based on linear and crosslinked KOH doped polybenzimidazole for alkaline water electrolysis. J Memb Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Li N, Guiver MD, Binder WH. Towards high conductivity in anion-exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. ChemSusChem 2013; 6:1376-1383. [PMID: 23780832 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quaternized poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) materials (PPOs) containing clicked 1,2,3-triazoles were first prepared through Cu(I) -catalyzed "click chemistry" to improve the anion transport in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). Clicked 1,2,3-triazoles incorporated into AEMs provided more sites to form efficient and continuous hydrogen-bond networks between the water/hydroxide and the triazole for anion transport. Higher water uptake was observed for these triazole membranes. Thus, the membranes showed an impressive enhancement of the hydroxide diffusion coefficient and, therefore, the anion conductivities. The recorded hydroxide conductivity was 27.8-62 mS cm(-1) at 20 °C in water, which was several times higher than that of a typical PPO-based AEM (TMA-20) derived from trimethylamine (5 mS cm(-1) ). Even at reduced relative humidity, the clicked membrane showed superior conductivity to a trimethylamine-based membrane. Moreover, similar alkaline stabilities at 80 °C in 1 M NaOH were observed for the clicked and non-clicked membranes. The performance of a H2 /O2 single cell assembled with a clicked AEM was much improved compared to that of a non-clicked TMA-20 membrane. The peak power density achieved for an alkaline fuel cell with the synthesized membrane 1a(20) was 188.7 mW cm(-2) at 50 °C. These results indicated that clicked AEM could be a viable strategy for improving the performance of alkaline fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanwen Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120 Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kulkarni MP, Peckham TJ, Thomas OD, Holdcroft S. Synthesis of highly sulfonated polybenzimidazoles by direct copolymerization and grafting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh P. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive; Burnaby BCV 5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Timothy J. Peckham
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive; Burnaby BCV 5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Owen D. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive; Burnaby BCV 5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry; Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive; Burnaby BCV 5A 1S6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ferreira Jr. RS, Janete Giz M, Camara GA. Influence of the local pH on the electrooxidation of glycerol on Palladium–Rhodium electrodeposits. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
42
|
Fujigaya T, Nakashima N. Fuel cell electrocatalyst using polybenzimidazole-modified carbon nanotubes as support materials. Adv Mater 2013; 25:1666-81. [PMID: 23423836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Toward the next generation fuel cell systems, the development of a novel electrocatalyst for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is crucial to overcome the drawbacks of the present electrocatalyst. As a conductive supporting material for the catalyst, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising candidate, and many attempts have been carried out to introduce CNT, in place of carbon black. On the other hand, as a polymer electrolyte, polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) have been recognized as a powerful candidate due to the high proton conductivity above 100 °C under non-humid conditions. In 2008, we found that these two materials have a strong physical interaction and form a stable hybrid material, in which the PBIs uniformly wrap the surfaces of the CNTs. Furthermore, PBIs serve as effective binding sites for the formation of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles to fabricate a ternary composite (CNT/PBIs/Pt). In this review article, we summarize the fundamental properties of the CNT/PBIs/Pt and discuss their potential as a new electrocatalyst for the PEFC in comparison with the conventional ones. Furthermore, potential applications of CNT/PBIs including use of the materials for oxygen reduction catalysts and reinforcement of PBI films are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Fox EB, Colón-mercado HR, Chen Y, Ho WSW. Development and Selection of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Hydroxide Conducting Polybenzimidazole Membranes in Alkaline Fuel Cells. In: Visser AE, Bridges NJ, Rogers RD, editors. Ionic Liquids: Science and Applications. Washington: American Chemical Society; 2012. pp. 129-43. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1117.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Kulkarni MP, Thomas OD, Peckham TJ, Holdcroft S. High Ion Exchange Capacity, Sulfonated Polybenzimidazoles. In: Page KA, Soles CL, Runt J, editors. Polymers for Energy Storage and Delivery: Polyelectrolytes for Batteries and Fuel Cells. Washington: American Chemical Society; 2012. pp. 221-31. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1096.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
47
|
|
48
|
Xia Z, Yuan S, Jiang G, Guo X, Fang J, Liu L, Qiao J, Yin J. Polybenzimidazoles with pendant quaternary ammonium groups as potential anion exchange membranes for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
49
|
Luo H, Pu H, Chang Z, Wan D, Pan H. Crosslinked polybenzimidazole via a Diels–Alder reaction for proton conducting membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
50
|
|