Bevacizumab in adjuvant treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer

Molecular diagnosis and treatment of meningiomas: an expert consensus (2022)

ABSTRACT

Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial neoplasm with diverse pathological types and complicated clinical manifestations. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (WHO CNS5), published in 2021, introduces major changes that advance the role of molecular diagnostics in meningiomas. To follow the revision of WHO CNS5, this expert consensus statement was formed jointly by the Group of Neuro-Oncology, Society of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medical Association together with neuropathologists and evidence-based experts. The consensus provides reference points to integrate key biomarkers into stratification and clinical decision making for meningioma patients.

REGISTRATION

Practice guideline REgistration for transPAREncy (PREPARE), IPGRP-2022CN234.

Elevation of EIF4G1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression by activating mTOR signalling

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 (EIF4G1), as the key component of the transcription initiation factor complex EIF4F, is significantly upregulated in multiple solid tumours, including lung cancer. However, the function and mechanism of EIF4G1 in the regulation of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Here, using the clinical samples and the comprehensive survival analysis platforms Kaplan‐Meier plotter, we observed aberrant upregulation of EIF4G1 in NSCLC tissues; furthermore, high expression of EIF4G1 showed association with low differentiation of lung cancer cells and poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer cell line A549 and H1703 stably infected with EIF4G1 shRNA were used to determine the function of EIF4G1 in regulating cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that EIF4G1 promoted the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and tumour cell proliferation in non‐small cell lung cancer. Mechanistically, EIF4G1 was found to regulate the expression and phosphorylation of mTOR (Ser2448), which mediates the tumorigenesis‐promoting function of EIF4G1. The inhibition of mTOR attenuated the EIF4G1‐induced development and progression of tumours. These findings demonstrated that EIF4G1 is a new potential molecular target for the clinical treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer.

New Target Therapies in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature and Future Perspectives

INTRODUCTION

Lung cancer (LC) is the most common neoplasm worldwide, and 85% of these tumors are classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LC treatment was initially restricted to cytotoxic chemotherapy-platinum compounds associated with 3rd generation cytotoxic agents (paclitaxel, gemcitabine, pemetrexed) and, more recently, with monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, ramucirumab). Advancements in treatment are correlated with prolonged overall survival (OS). Current advances are focused on target therapies. Target agents: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy consists of 1st and 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs such as erlotinib, afatinib). In 60% of cases, resistance to these TKIs occurs due to T790M mutation in EGFR, which is overcome 3rd generation drugs (osimertinib). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is the target for drugs such as crizotinib, alectinib, ceritinib. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand serve as targets for immunotherapy agents such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab.

DISCUSSION

Challenges in NSCLC treatment include resistance to 3rd generation TKIs, the high cost of ALK inhibitors, and the need for further research on new drugs.

A randomized, double-blind, single-dose study to evaluate the biosimilarity of QL1101 with bevacizumab in healthy male subjects

PURPOSE

This is the first study to compare the pharmacokinetics of QL1101, a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar, with Avastin® sourced from Roche Diagnostics GmbH.

METHODS

In this double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group study, healthy male subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive QL1101 or Avastin® 3 mg/kg intravenously. Pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted for 85 days, with additional safety and immunogenicity assessments until day 90. Primary study endpoints were area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-last), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Pharmacokinetic equivalence was shown if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the C0-max, AUC0-last, and AUC0-∞ were within the predefined bioequivalence margin of 80-125.00%.

RESULTS

A total of 82 subjects were randomized to the following groups: 42 to QL1101 and 40 to Avastin®. The 90% CIs of the GMRs of AUC0-∞, AUC0-last, and Cmax of QL1101 and Avastin® were (97.8%, 107.0%), (94.5%, 106.9%), and (94.1%, 107.3%), respectively, which were all within the bioequivalence margin. The incidence of adverse events was 90.5% and 95.0% in the QL1101 and Avastin® groups, respectively. Mean serum concentration-time profiles, secondary pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety and immunogenicity profiles were comparable across the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The study demonstrated the pharmacokinetic equivalence of QL1101 to Avastin®. QL1101 (3 mg/kg, iv) is safe and tolerable in healthy Chinese subjects. These data support the further clinical evaluation of QL1101 as a bevacizumab biosimilar.