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Stroe AC, Oancea S. Immunostimulatory Potential of Natural Compounds and Extracts: A Review. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190301154200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The proper functioning of human immune system is essential for organism survival
against infectious, toxic and oncogenic agents. The present study aimed to describe the scientific evidence
regarding the immunomodulatory properties of the main micronutrients and specific phytochemicals.
Plants of food interest have the ability to dynamically affect the immune system through
particular molecules. Plant species, type of compounds and biological effects were herein reviewed
mainly focusing on plants which are not commonly used in food supplements. Several efficient phytoproducts
showed significant advantages compared to synthetic immunomodulators, being good
candidates for the development of immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea C. Stroe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 7-9 Ion Ratiu Street, Sibiu 550012, Romania
| | - Simona Oancea
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Food Engineering, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, 7-9 Ion Ratiu Street, Sibiu 550012, Romania
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Wangchuk P, Apte SH, Smout MJ, Groves PL, Loukas A, Doolan DL. Defined Small Molecules Produced by Himalayan Medicinal Plants Display Immunomodulatory Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3490. [PMID: 30404196 PMCID: PMC6274922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds that modulate the immune responses are emerging as frontline treatment agents for cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. Herein we have isolated 40 phytochemicals from five Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicinal plants-Aconitum laciniatum, Ajania nubegina, Corydalis crispa, Corydalis dubia and Pleurospermum amabile-and tested 14 purified compounds for their immunomodulatory properties using a murine dendritic cell (DC) line, and cytotoxicity against a human cholangiocyte cell line using xCELLigence real time cell monitoring. These compounds were: pseudaconitine, 14-veratryolpseudaconitine, 14-O-acetylneoline, linalool oxide acetate, (E)-spiroether, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, protopine, ochrobirine, scoulerine, capnoidine, isomyristicin, bergapten, and isoimperatorin. Of the 14 compounds tested here, scoulerine had adjuvant-like properties and strongly upregulated MHC-I gene and protein expression whereas bergapten displayed immunosuppressive properties and strongly down-regulated gene and protein expression of MHC-I and other co-stimulatory molecules. Both scoulerine and bergapten showed low cytotoxicity against normal healthy cells that were consistent with their immunoregulatory properties. These findings highlight the breadth of immunomodulatory properties of defined compounds from Bhutanese medicinal plants and show that some of these compounds exert their mechanisms of action by modulating DC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
| | - Simon H Apte
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Michael J Smout
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
| | - Penny L Groves
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia.
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Aldahlawi AM. Modulation of dendritic cell immune functions by plant components. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4:55-62. [PMID: 30023210 PMCID: PMC6014213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key linkage between innate and adoptive immune response. DCs are classified as specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate T-cell immune responses during infection and hypersensitivity, and maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens. Initiating T-cell immune responses may be beneficial in infectious diseases or cancer management, while, immunosuppressant or tolerogenic responses could be useful in controlling autoimmunity, allergy or inflammatory diseases. Several types of plant-derived components show promising properties in influencing DC functions. Various types of these components have been proven useful in clinical application and immune-based therapy. Therefore, focusing on the benefits of plant-based medicine regulating DC functions may be useful, low-cost, and accessible strategies for human health. This review illustrates recent studies, investigating the role of plant components in manipulating DC phenotype and function towards immunostimulating or immunosuppressing effects either in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Aldahlawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Vatankhah A, Halász J, Piurkó V, Barbai T, Rásó E, Tímár J. Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and expression of costimulatory molecules in chronic echinococcus granulosus infection of the human liver. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:530. [PMID: 26578348 PMCID: PMC4647452 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The local immune responses to chronic echinococcal infections in various organs are largely unknown. Since the liver is the most frequently involved organ in such infections in human we aimed to characterize the inflammatory as well as immune cell infiltrate around hydatid cysts in the liver and compared to common inflammatory processes of the liver. Method Surgical samples from the liver of 21 cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients were studied and the distribution of different types of inflammatory and immune cells were determined by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, expression levels of costimulatory CTLA4, CD28, CD80 and CD86 molecules were measured at RNA level by PCR. Liver biopsy samples from patients with steatohepatitis (SH, n = 11) and chronic hepatitis (CH, n = 11) were used as non-inflammatory and chronic inflammatory controls, respectively. The composition and density of the inflammatory and immune cell infiltrates have been compared by using morphometry. Results CD3+ T cells predominated the inflammatory infiltrate in all pathological processes, while in CE samples CD20+ B cells, in CH samples CD68+ macrophages were also frequent. Both myeloperoxidase (MPO) + leukocytes and CD68+ macrophages were found to be significantly decreased in CE as compared to either SH or CH samples. Concerning T cell subtypes, only CD8+ T cells were found to be significantly decreased in SH samples. CD1a + dendritic cells were almost completely missing from CE biopsies unlike in any other sample types. There were no differences detected in the mRNA expression of costimulatory molecules except decreased expression of CD28 in CE samples. Conclusion In the hydatid lesions of the liver of chronic echinococcal infections T cell-mediated immunity seems to be impaired as compared to other types of chronic inflammatory processes, suggesting an immunosuppressive role for Echinococcus granulosus, which deserve further attentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vatankhah
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - J Halász
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - V Piurkó
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - T Barbai
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - E Rásó
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - J Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői u. 93, 1091, Budapest, Hungary. .,Molecular Oncology Research Group, MTA-SE, Budapest, Hungary.
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Bradley WG, Holm KN, Tanaka A. An orally active immune adjuvant prepared from cones of Pinus sylvestris, enhances the proliferative phase of a primary T cell response. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:163. [PMID: 24884568 PMCID: PMC4051390 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We have previously demonstrated that an alkaline extract of shredded pinecones yields a polyphenylpropanoid polysaccharide complex (PPC) that functions as an orally active immune adjuvant. Specifically, oral PPC can boost the number of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells generated in response to a variety of vaccine types (DNA, protein, and dendritic cell) and bias the response towards one that is predominately a T helper 1 type. Methods An immune response was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of mice with Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). A group of mice received PPC by gavage three times per day on Days 0 and 1. The draining lymph nodes were analyzed 48–96 h post-injection for the numbers of reactive T cells, cytokine production, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and apoptotsis. Results In this study we examined whether the ability of PPC to boost a T cell response is due to an effect on the proliferative or contraction phases, or both, of the primary response. We present data to demonstrate that oral PPC significantly enhances the primary T cell response by affecting the expansion of T cells (both CD4 and CD8) during the proliferative phase, while having no apparent effects on the activation-induced cell death associated with the contraction phase. Conclusions These findings suggest that PPC could potentially be utilized to enhance the T cell response generated by a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines designed to target a cellular response.
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Pine cone-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity against agricultural pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:361-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Di Bonito P, Grasso F, Mangino G, Massa S, Illiano E, Franconi R, Fanales-Belasio E, Falchi M, Affabris E, Giorgi C. Immunomodulatory activity of a plant extract containing human papillomavirus 16-E7 protein in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:967-78. [PMID: 20074460 DOI: 10.1177/039463200902200412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the immunomodulatory activity on human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) of a vaccine preparation shown to be effective against an HPV16-related tumour in an animal model. The vaccine is composed of extract from Nicotiana benthamiana leaves containing HPV16 E7 protein expressed by a potato virus X-derived vector (NbPVX-E7). The effect of the extract was evaluated on MDDC differentiation and maturation by monitoring the phenotypic expression of specific markers. The results show that NbPVX-E7 does not induce monocyte differentiation to dendritic cells, but does induce MDDC maturation. Plant extract does not influence MDDC-uptake of E7-FITC while it significantly improves the Ovalbumin-FITC uptake, considered as a model antigen. Importantly, NbPVX-E7-pulsed MDDCs/PBMCs are able to prime human blood-derived lymphocytes from healthy individuals to induce HPV16 E7-specific cytotoxic activity. This is a propaedeutic study for a possible use of E7-containing plant extract in human immunotherapy of HPV-related lesions.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/isolation & purification
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Antigen Presentation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Genetic Vectors
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Male
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/biosynthesis
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/isolation & purification
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/genetics
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Papillomavirus Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/immunology
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Leaves
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Potexvirus/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Time Factors
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Superior Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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Escobar A, López M, Serrano A, Ramirez M, Pérez C, Aguirre A, González R, Alfaro J, Larrondo M, Fodor M, Ferrada C, Salazar-Onfray F. Dendritic cell immunizations alone or combined with low doses of interleukin-2 induce specific immune responses in melanoma patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 142:555-68. [PMID: 16297169 PMCID: PMC1809550 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based therapy has proved to be effective in patients with a variety of malignancies. However, an optimal immunization protocol using DCs and the best means for delivering antigens has not yet been described. In this study, 20 patients with malignant melanoma in stages III or IV were vaccinated with autologous DCs pulsed with a melanoma cell lysate, alone (n = 13) or in combination with low doses of subcutaneous (s.c.) interleukin (IL)-2 injections (n = 7), to assess toxicity, immunological and clinical responses. Monocyte-derived DCs were morphological, phenotypic and functionally characterized in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), harvested from patients either prior to and after the treatment, were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT). After vaccination, 50% of the patients tested (seven of 13) from the first group and (three of seven) from the second, showed an increase in interferon (IFN)-gamma production in response to allogeneic melanoma cell lines but not to controls. Four of five tested human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2(+) patients with anti-melanoma activity also showed specific T cell responses against peptides derived from melanoma-associated antigens. Delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) against melanoma cell lysate was observed in six of 13 patients from the group treated with DC vaccines only and four of seven from the group treated with the combination of DCs and IL-2. Significant correlations were found between DTH-positive responses against tumour lysate and both disease stability and post-vaccination survival on the stage IV patients. There were no toxicities associated with the vaccines or evidence of autoimmunity including vitiligo. Furthermore, no significant enhancement was observed as a result of combining DC vaccination with IL-2. Our data suggest that autologous DCs pulsed with tumour lysate may provide a standardized and widely applicable source of melanoma specific antigens for clinical use. It is safe and causes no significant side effects and has been demonstrated to be partially efficient at triggering effective anti-melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Escobar
- Disciplinary Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Coventry
- Adelaide Melanoma Unit, Breast-Endocrine and Surgical Oncology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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