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Afify KK, Ali R, El-Dosoky MA, Nassar MWI. HPLC/UV approach method for the first simultaneous estimation of molnupiravir and ertapenem as a binary mixture in human plasma and dosage form as a regimen for COVID-19 treatments. BMC Chem 2023; 17:121. [PMID: 37735684 PMCID: PMC10515236 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a serious virus that can have a lot of effects, one of which is a secondary bacterial infection that can be more life-threatening and even lethal than the initial viral infection. Hence a fast and sensitive HPLC/UV method was developed and validated for the first estimation of a binary mixture of molnupiravir (MOL) and ertapenem (ERT) as a co-administrated medicine for the management of COVID-19 in pharmaceutical dosage forms, and human plasma samples. The drug combination was separated within 5 min via RP-ODS column using isocratic elution with a mobile phase of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 3.5): acetonitrile with a 76: 24% ratio v/v. The presented method provided a linear response ranging from 0.03 to 17.0 and 0.05-20 µg mL-1 with LOD values of 0.009 and 0.008 µg mL-1 for MOL and ERT respectively. The good separation and high sensitivity of the HPLC method provide the determination of the cited drugs in human plasma without matrix interference with a percent of recovery ranging from 94.97 ± 2.05 to 98.44 ± 1.92. Based on the results, this method could be utilized to monitor cited drugs in quality control and therapeutic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Afify
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit branch, 71524, Assuit, Egypt.
| | - Ramadan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A El-Dosoky
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Wafaa I Nassar
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Smith JS, Borts DJ, Slagel CC, Rajewski SM, Bousquet-Melou A, Ferran AA, Plummer PJ, Mochel JP. Pharmacokinetics of Ertapenem in Sheep ( Ovis aries) with Experimentally Induced Urinary Tract Infection. Comp Med 2019; 69:413-418. [PMID: 31581974 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-18-000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sheep are commonly used as animal models for human biomedical research, but descriptions of their use for studying the pharmacokinetics of carbapenem antimicrobials, such as ertapenem, are unavailable. Ertapenem is a critical antimicrobial for human infections, and the description of the pharmacokinetics of this drug is of value for research using ovine as models for human diseases, such as urinary tract infections (UTI). There are currently no ovine models for comparative biomedical research of UTI. The objective of this study was to report the pharmacokinetics of ertapenem in sheep after single and multiple dosing. In addition, we explored the effects of an immunomodulatory drug (Zelnate) on the pharmacokinetics of ertapenem in sheep. Eight healthy ewes (weight, 64.4 ± 7.7 kg) were used in an ovine bacterial cystitis model of human cystitis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After disease confirmation, each ewe received 1 g of ertapenem intravenously once every 24 h for 5 administrations. Blood was collected intensively (14 samples) during 24 h after the first and last administration. After multiple-dose administration, the volume of distribution was 84.5 mL/kg, clearance was 116.3 mL/h/kg, T1/2(λz) was 1.1 h, and the extraction ratio was 0.02. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters or time points were found between groups treated with the immunostimulant and controls or after the 1st or 5th administration of ertapenem. No accumulation was noted from previous administration. Our ovine pharmacokinetic findings can be used to evaluate therapeutic strategies for ertapenem use (varying drug dosing schedules and combinations with other antimicrobials or immune modulators) in the context of UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe S Smith
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa: Systems Modelling and Reverse Translational (SMART) Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa;,
| | - David J Borts
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Clare C Slagel
- Analytical Chemistry Services, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | | | | | - Aude A Ferran
- INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul J Plummer
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jon P Mochel
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa; Systems Modelling and Reverse Translational (SMART) Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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3
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Pedroso TM, Salgado HRN. A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Determination of Ertapenem Sodium. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2014; 46:15-21. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.937850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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4
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Pickering MK, Brown SD. Assays for determination of ertapenem for applications in therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics and sample stability. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1525-31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Pickering
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Johnson City TN USA
| | - Stacy D. Brown
- Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Johnson City TN USA
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Hassan NY, Abdel-Moety EM, Elragehy NA, Rezk MR. Selective determination of ertapenem in the presence of its degradation product. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 72:915-921. [PMID: 19167266 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stability-indicative determination of ertapenem (ERTM) in the presence of its beta-lactam open-ring degradation product, which is also the metabolite, is investigated. The degradation product has been isolated, via acid-degradation, characterized and elucidated. Selective quantification of ERTM, singly in bulk form, pharmaceutical formulations and/or in the presence of its major degradant is demonstrated. The indication of stability has been undertaken under conditions likely to be expected at normal storage conditions. Among the spectrophotometric methods adopted for quantification are first derivative ((1)D), first derivative of ratio spectra ((1)DD) and bivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagiba Y Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, ET-11562 Cairo, Egypt
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6
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A Simple and Fast Method for Quantification of Ertapenem using Meropenem as Internal Standard in Human Plasma in a Clinical Setting. Ther Drug Monit 2008; 30:90-4. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31815f4f7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Soltani M, MacGowan AP, Lovering AM. Assay of ertapenem in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006; 27:165-7. [PMID: 16417992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ertapenem is a new carbapenem with a broad spectrum of activity and an extended half-life, permitting once daily administration. Although high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been described for ertapenem, these are complex and involve column switching and thus this type of assay may not suitable for use in routine clinical microbiology laboratories. In this study we report a rapid, straightforward HPLC method for the detection of ertapenem in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnam Soltani
- Bristol Centre for Antimicrobial Research and Evaluation, Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
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Gordien JB, Boselli E, Fleureau C, Allaouchiche B, Janvier G, Lalaude O, Saux MC, Breilh D. Determination of free ertapenem in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 830:218-23. [PMID: 16290251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive assay for the determination of unbound ertapenem in human plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was developed using ultrafiltration of plasma and BAL samples. A rapid HPLC method was used with ultraviolet detection set at a wavelength of 305 nm and a separation on a Prontosil AQ C18 column, with imipenem used as internal standard. This assay was linear over the concentration range of 0.5-100 microg/mL and 0.25-50 microg/mL in plasma and BAL, respectively. Limits of detection and quantitation were respectively 0.05 and 0.25 microg/mL. Validation data for accuracy and precision were CV<2.48 and 8.25%, accuracy in the range 98.1-104.2% and 102.2-108.4%, respectively, for intra and inter-day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Gordien
- Clinical Pharmacokinetic Department, Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University and Clinical Pharmacy Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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Vailaya A, Sajonz P, Sudah O, Capodanno V, Helmy R, Antia FD. Exploiting pH mismatch in preparative high-performance liquid chromatographic recovery of ertapenem from mother liquor streams. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1079:80-91. [PMID: 16038294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preparative chromatography was successfully employed to recover ertapenem from mother liquor streams. The recovery process involved concentration of mother liquor stream by evaporation, purification by reversed-phase preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and removal of chromatographic solvents in the recovered fractions by evaporation. HPLC feed was prepared by stripping off the organic solvents from the mother liquor using a wiped-film evaporator. Purification was first carried out on a 25 cm x 0.46 cm analytical column packed with 10-microm Kromasil C8 particles and then scaled up to a 25 cm x 5 cm preparative column. Gram-level recovery of ertapenem with high purity was achieved by exploiting a novel approach based on pH mismatch between the feed and the eluent. Purified ertapenem streams from preparative HPLC runs were combined, evaporated and recycled into the crystallizer for ertapenem isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Vailaya
- Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., RY818-C220, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Pletz MWR, Rau M, Bulitta J, De Roux A, Burkhardt O, Kruse G, Kurowski M, Nord CE, Lode H. Ertapenem pharmacokinetics and impact on intestinal microflora, in comparison to those of ceftriaxone, after multiple dosing in male and female volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3765-72. [PMID: 15388432 PMCID: PMC521887 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.10.3765-3772.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of ertapenem and ceftriaxone were investigated in an open, randomized, two-period crossover study after single- and multiple-dose administration in 10 healthy volunteers (five women and five men). Both antibiotics were administered intravenously once daily for 7 days at dosages of 1 g (ertapenem) and 2 g (ceftriaxone). The concentrations of the antibiotics in serum and urine were quantified by the agar well diffusion method bioassay and, in addition, for ertapenem only, by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For ertapenem the maximum concentration of the drug in plasma (C(max)) was 256 mg/liter, the half-life was 20.7 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 830 mg. h/liter. The concentrations in fecal samples were (mean value) 37.2 and 32.7 mg/kg on day 4 and day 8, respectively. Ceftriaxone exhibited a mean C(max) of 315 mg/liter, a half-life of 7.6 h, and an AUC of 1,556 mg. h/liter. The mean concentrations in fecal samples were 153 and 258 mg/kg on day 4 and day 8, respectively. No accumulation of ertapenem or ceftriaxone was detected at steady state. A slightly but significantly decreased AUC for ertapenem was detected for the female volunteers. No serious adverse event was observed. Both antibiotics induced a marked decrease in the anaerobic microflora (4-log-unit decreases in lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia, and bacteroides) and Escherichia coli, whereas the number of enterococci increased (4 log units). A slight overgrowth of yeasts was observed with both regimens. In all cases the microflora returned to normal levels on days 21 to 35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias W R Pletz
- Department of International Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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