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Skotnicová P, Srivastava A, Aggarwal D, Talbot J, Karlínová I, Moos M, Mareš J, Bučinská L, Koník P, Šimek P, Tichý M, Sobotka R. A thylakoid biogenesis BtpA protein is required for the initial step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in cyanobacteria. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1236-1249. [PMID: 37986097 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus requires complicated molecular machinery, individual components of which are either poorly characterized or unknown. The BtpA protein has been described as a factor required for the stability of photosystem I (PSI) in cyanobacteria; however, how the BtpA stabilized PSI remains unexplained. To clarify the role of BtpA, we constructed and characterized the btpA-null mutant (ΔbtpA) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mutant contained only c. 1% of chlorophyll and nearly no thylakoid membranes. However, this strain, growing only in the presence of glucose, was genetically unstable and readily generated suppressor mutations that restore the photoautotrophy. Two suppressor mutations were mapped into the hemA gene encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) - the first enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Indeed, the GluTR was not detectable in the ΔbtpA mutant and the suppressor mutations restored biosynthesis of tetrapyrroles and photoautotrophy by increased GluTR expression or by improved GluTR stability/processivity. We further demonstrated that GluTR associates with a large BtpA oligomer and that BtpA is required for the stability of GluTR. Our results show that the BtpA protein is involved in the biogenesis of photosystems at the level of regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Skotnicová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Divya Aggarwal
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Talbot
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Iva Karlínová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Moos
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mareš
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bučinská
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koník
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Šimek
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Třeboň, 379 01, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
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Yang H, Li P, Zhang A, Wen X, Zhang L, Lu C. Tetratricopeptide repeat protein Pyg7 is essential for photosystem I assembly by interacting with PsaC in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28636143 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in determining the structure and understanding the function of photosystem I (PSI), the PSI assembly process remains poorly understood. PsaC is an essential subunit of PSI and participates in the transfer of electrons to ferredoxin. However, how PsaC is assembled during accumulation of the PSI complex is unknown. In the present study, we showed that Pyg7 localized to the stromal thylakoid and associated with the PSI complex. We also showed that Pyg7 interacted with PsaC. Furthermore, we found that the PSI assembly process was blocked following formation of the PsaAB heterodimer in the pyg7 mutant. In addition, the analyses of PSI stability in Pyg7RNAi plants showed that Pyg7 is involved in maintaining the assembled PSI complex under excess-light conditions. Moreover, we demonstrated that decreased Pyg7 content resulted in decreased efficiency of PSI assembly in Pyg7RNAi plants. These findings suggest that the role of Pyg7 in PSI biogenesis has evolved as an essential assembly factor by interacting with PsaC in Arabidopsis, in addition to being a stability factor for PSI as seen in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Pin Li
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Plohnke N, Seidel T, Kahmann U, Rögner M, Schneider D, Rexroth S. The proteome and lipidome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells grown under light-activated heterotrophic conditions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:572-84. [PMID: 25561504 PMCID: PMC4349978 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.042382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotes with a plant-like photosynthetic machinery. Because of their short generation times, the ease of their genetic manipulation, and the limited size of their genome and proteome, cyanobacteria are popular model organisms for photosynthetic research. Although the principal mechanisms of photosynthesis are well-known, much less is known about the biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane, hosting the components of the photosynthetic, and respiratory electron transport chain in cyanobacteria. Here we present a detailed proteome analysis of the important model and host organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions. Because of the mechanistic importance and severe changes in thylakoid membrane morphology under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions, a focus was put on the analysis of the membrane proteome, which was supported by a targeted lipidome analysis. In total, 1528 proteins (24.5% membrane integral) were identified in our analysis. For 641 of these proteins quantitative information was obtained by spectral counting. Prominent changes were observed for proteins associated with oxidative stress response and protein folding. Because of the heterotrophic growth conditions, also proteins involved in carbon metabolism and C/N-balance were severely affected. Although intracellular thylakoid membranes were significantly reduced, only minor changes were observed in their protein composition. The increased proportion of the membrane-stabilizing sulfoqinovosyl diacyl lipids found in the lipidome analysis, as well as the increased content of lipids with more saturated acyl chains, are clear indications for a coordinated synthesis of proteins and lipids, resulting in stabilization of intracellular thylakoid membranes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Plohnke
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Seidel
- §Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Kahmann
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- §Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sascha Rexroth
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;
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Schöttler MA, Albus CA, Bock R. Photosystem I: its biogenesis and function in higher plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1452-61. [PMID: 21255865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI), the plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, is one of the largest bioenergetic complexes known. It is composed of subunits encoded in both the chloroplast genome and the nuclear genome and thus, its assembly requires an intricate coordination of gene expression and intensive communication between the two compartments. In this review, we first briefly describe PSI structure and then focus on recent findings on the role of the two small chloroplast genome-encoded subunits PsaI and PsaJ in the stability and function of PSI in higher plants. We then address the sequence of PSI biogenesis, discuss the role of auxiliary proteins involved in cofactor insertion into the PSI apoproteins and in the establishment of protein-protein interactions during subunit assembly. Finally, we consider potential limiting steps of PSI biogenesis, and how they may contribute to the control of PSI accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Albus CA, Ruf S, Schöttler MA, Lein W, Kehr J, Bock R. Y3IP1, a nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein, cooperates with the plastid-encoded Ycf3 protein in photosystem I assembly of tobacco and Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:2838-55. [PMID: 20807881 PMCID: PMC2947186 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.073908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intricate assembly of photosystem I (PSI), a large multiprotein complex in the thylakoid membrane, depends on auxiliary protein factors. One of the essential assembly factors for PSI is encoded by ycf3 (hypothetical chloroplast reading frame number 3) in the chloroplast genome of algae and higher plants. To identify novel factors involved in PSI assembly, we constructed an epitope-tagged version of ycf3 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and introduced it into the tobacco chloroplast genome by genetic transformation. Immunoaffinity purification of Ycf3 complexes from the transplastomic plants identified a novel nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein, Y3IP1 (for Ycf3-interacting protein 1), that specifically interacts with the Ycf3 protein. Subsequent reverse genetics analysis of Y3IP1 function in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that knockdown of Y3IP1 leads to a specific deficiency in PSI but does not result in loss of Ycf3. Our data indicate that Y3IP1 represents a novel factor for PSI biogenesis that cooperates with the plastid genome-encoded Ycf3 in the assembly of stable PSI units in the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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